300 research outputs found
Clustering of Primordial Black Holes. II. Evolution of Bound Systems
Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) that form from the collapse of density
perturbations are more clustered than the underlying density field. In a
previous paper, we showed the constraints that this has on the prospects of PBH
dark matter. In this paper we examine another consequence of this clustering:
the formation of bound systems of PBHs in the early universe. These would
hypothetically be the earliest gravitationally collapsed structures, forming
when the universe is still radiation dominated. Depending upon the size and
occupation of the clusters, PBH merging occurs before they would have otherwise
evaporated due to Hawking evaporation.Comment: 23 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to PR
Lugar, região, nação, mundo: explorações históricas do debate acerca das escalas da ação polÃtica
A partir de uma revisão teórica da noção de escala e de uma recuperação do debate socialista no século XIX a respeito de nacionalismo e internacionalismo, o artigo pretende lançar um novo olhar sobre a discussão contemporânea acerca da escala pertinente da ação polÃtica e do planejamento. Rejeitando a possibilidade de que qualquer estratégia efetivamente transformadora se inscreva numa única e privilegiada escala – local, regional, nacional ou global –, a conclusão sugere que o poder, mais do que nunca, não está nem no local nem no regional, nem no nacional nem no global… mas na capacidade de articular escalas, de analisar e intervir de modo transescalar.
Planejamento territorial e projeto nacional: os desafios da fragmentação
A história recente do planejamento territorial no Brasil poderia ser narrada como uma trajetória continuada, embora não linear, de desconstituição – polÃtica, intelectual e institucional. Este processo é resultado e fator de aceleração do processo de fragmentação territorial que desafia todos os que se preocupam com a necessidade de um projeto nacional digno desta abrangência. O presente trabalho busca identificar e analisar os principais vetores do processo de fragmentação, a saber: grandes projetos de investimento (GPIs), neo-localismo competitivo e o velho regionalismo, com suas redes de clientela-patronagem. Em seguida, são examinados rapidamente os referentes teórico-conceituais dos GPIs e, em particular, do neo-localismo competitivo, que constitui hoje a principal receita distribuÃda aos paÃses periféricos e dependentes por agências multilaterais e consultores internacionais. Ao final, busca-se explorar em que medida estariam emergindo no processo social contemporâneo tendências e forças capazes de neutralizarem os vetores da fragmentação e conduzirem um projeto nacional, no qual, necessariamente, o planejamento territorial deverá ocupar lugar central.
Astrophysical constraints on primordial black holes in Brans-Dicke theory
We consider cosmological evolution in Brans-Dicke theory with a population of
primordial black holes. Hawking radiation from the primordial black holes
impacts various astrophysical processes during the evolution of the Universe.
The accretion of radiation by the black holes in the radiation dominated era
may be effective in imparting them a longer lifetime. We present a detailed
study of how this affects various standard astrophysical constraints coming
from the evaporation of primordial black holes. We analyze constraints from the
present density of the Universe, the present photon spectrum, the distortion of
the cosmic microwave background spectrum and also from processes affecting
light element abundances after nucleosynthesis. We find that the constraints on
the initial primordial black hole mass fractions are tightened with increased
accretion efficiency.Comment: 15 page
Generalised constraints on the curvature perturbation from primordial black holes
Primordial black holes (PBHs) can form in the early Universe via the collapse
of large density perturbations. There are tight constraints on the abundance of
PBHs formed due to their gravitational effects and the consequences of their
evaporation. These abundance constraints can be used to constrain the
primordial power spectrum, and hence models of inflation, on scales far smaller
than those probed by cosmological observations. We compile, and where relevant
update, the constraints on the abundance of PBHs before calculating the
constraints on the curvature perturbation, taking into account the growth of
density perturbations prior to horizon entry. We consider two simple
parameterizations of the curvature perturbation spectrum on the scale of
interest: constant and power-law. The constraints from PBHs on the amplitude of
the power spectrum are typically in the range 10^{-2}-10^{-1} with some scale
dependence.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D with minor
change to calculation of constraints for spectral index not equal to on
Blue spectra and induced formation of primordial black holes
We investigate the statistical properties of primordial black hole (PBH)
formation in the very early Universe. We show that the high level of
inhomogeneity of the early Universe leads to the formation of the first
generation PBHs. %The existence of these PBHs This causes later the appearance
of a dust-like phase of the cosmological expansion. We discuss here a new
mechanism for the second generation of PBH formation during the dust-like
phase. This mechanism is based on the coagulation process. We demonstrate that
the blue power spectrum of initial adiabatic perturbations after inflation
leads to overproduction of primordial black holes with gg if the power index is .Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure
Cosmological constraints on primordial black holes produced in the near-critical gravitational collapse
The mass function of primordial black holes created through the near-critical
gravitational collapse is calculated in a manner fairly independent of the
statistical distribution of underlying density fluctuation, assuming that it
has a sharp peak on a specific scale. Comparing it with various cosmological
constraints on their mass spectrum, some newly excluded range is found in the
volume fraction of the region collapsing into black holes as a function of the
horizon mass.Comment: 9 pages. Typos corrected. To appear in Physical Review
Primordial black hole constraints in cosmologies with early matter domination
Moduli fields, a natural prediction of any supergravity and
superstring-inspired supersymmetry theory, may lead to a prolonged period of
matter domination in the early Universe. This can be observationally viable
provided the moduli decay early enough to avoid harming nucleosynthesis. If
primordial black holes form, they would be expected to do so before or during
this matter dominated era. We examine the extent to which the standard
primordial black hole constraints are weakened in such a cosmology. Permitted
mass fractions of black holes at formation are of order , rather than
the usual or so. If the black holes form from density perturbations
with a power-law spectrum, its spectral index is limited to ,
rather than the obtained in the standard cosmology.Comment: 7 pages RevTeX file with four figures incorporated (uses RevTeX and
epsf). Also available by e-mailing ARL, or by WWW at
http://star-www.maps.susx.ac.uk/papers/infcos_papers.htm
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