Comparison of structural performance of one- and two-bay rotary joints for truss applications

The structural performance of one- and two-bay large-diameter discrete-bearing rotary joints was addressed for application to truss-beam structures such as the Space Station Freedom. Finite element analyses are performed to determine values for rotary joint parameters that give the same bending vibration frequency as the parent truss beam. The structural masses and maximum internal loads of these joints are compared to determine their relative structural efficiency. Results indicate that no significant difference exists in the masse of one- and two-bay rotary joints. This conclusion is reinforced with closed-form calculations of rotary joint structural efficiency in extension. Also, transition truss-member loads are higher in the one-bay rotary joint. However, because of the increased buckling strength of these members, the external load-carrying capability of the one-bay concept is higher than that of the two-bay concept

Pod shatter in canola

Non-Peer Reviewe

Correspondence -Bulletin - Nov. 8, 1942 - Dr. Bernard W. Spilman

Correspondence from Mary S. Vail, church historian of Spilman Memorial Baptist Church. A collection of First Baptist Church Shelby bulletins from the personal paper of Dr. Bernard W. Spilman.https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/first-baptist-shelby-zeno-wall/1010/thumbnail.jp

The Struggle is Real: Advocacy, Activism, and Agency in Young Adult Protagonists with Autism

While there is much research behind adolescent protagonists developing advocacy, activism, and agency in young adult literature in order to change the trajectory of their lives, fewer studies have examined adolescent protagonists with autism under similar circumstances. The image of the semi-comic, socially tragic autistic teenager is portrayed in the media more often than one who advocates for himself, takes action to be independent, and develops as an agent of change. This paper examines six award-winning young adult novels whose protagonists emerge as young people developing independence despite dealing with the challenges living with autism brings. How they exert this autonomy helps illustrate the multitude of ways in which teens handle frustration, challenges, and helplessness while managing a disability. Readers not only engage with teenagers facing obstacles, but also have the opportunity to develop a better understanding of their peers, a deeper sense of empathy, and empowerment to make changes in their own lives

Determining soil nitrogen (N) processes using enzymology in response to varying N treatments across four diverse Brassica napus (canola) lines

Non-Peer ReviewedNitrogen (N) is an important plant nutrient, and it is the primary constituent of plant nucleotides and proteins, but it is usually the most limiting nutrient in the soil. Improving N use efficiency in agricultural crops has become an important goal in sustainable agriculture. Accordingly, understanding enzymes involved in N reactions is increasingly critical as they are important in controlling N in the environment. The objective of this study is to determine N transformation after varying rates of urea fertilizer is applied to a field; and how N transformation may differ between diverse Brassica napus L. (canola) lines. Two diverse B. napus parent lines and two hybrid lines were grown on Dark Brown Chernozemic soil in Saskatchewan, Canada. Root-associated soils were collected from each line at bolting and flowering, and analyzed for urease and ammonium oxidation enzymes, as well, soil nitrate and ammonium content was determined. Both urease and ammonium oxidation enzyme results showed significant differences between B. napus growth stages (bolting and flowering), and N fertilizer rate after mixed effect models were used to analyze the results. We predict that both nitrate-N and ammonium-N will have significant differences between the canola lines and N rate application. Mixed effect analyses will be used to analyze soil nitrate-N and ammonium-N, with regards to canola line differences, and growth stage differences, and N fertilizer rate differences. By characterizing soil N transformations, this research will advance our knowledge in improving N availability for B. napus lines

Nitrogen cycling in root associated soils at bolting, flowering and seed pod filling across eight diverse Brassica napus (canola) genotypes

Non-Peer ReviewedNitrogen (N) mineralization and nitrification can be used predict the amount of N that is available to crops. Brassica napus L. (canola) production is N intensive; therefore, to improve and sustain yields, a better understanding of N cycling patterns for fertilization application is needed. The objective of this study is to examine N cycling after urea fertilization at the three major canola growth stages: bolting, flowering and seed pod filling; and how N cycling may differ between diverse canola lines grown in different soil types. Eight diverse B. napus lines were grown on Dark Brown Chernozemic soil and Black Chernozemic soil in Saskatchewan, Canada. Root-associated soils were collected from each line at bolting, flowering and seed pod filling, and this soil was analyzed for potential nitrification and mineralization, as well as soil nitrate and ammonium content. We predict that potential nitrification will be higher during the bolting and flowering stages of canola growth because the urea fertilizer that was applied to the field would have been converted to nitrate-N, which is plant available. We predict that potential mineralization will be higher during flowering and seed pod filling, because the demand for N to make protein-rich seeds is high enough to deplete much of the inorganic fertilizer N. We also predict that both nitrate-N and ammonium-N will decrease over the growing season, with significant differences between the canola lines and the soil environments. Mixed effect analyses and ANOVA will be used to analyze N cycling in the soil in relation to soil type differences, canola line differences, and growth stage differences. By characterizing soil N processes, this research will advance efforts to understand and improve N uptake for B. napus lines

Potential Welfare Impacts of Chase and Capture of Small Cetaceans during Drive Hunts in Japan

Drive hunts are a method to herd, capture and kill small cetaceans (whales and dolphins) in coastal waters of some countries including Japan and the Faroe Islands. In Japan, these methods are often associated with the acquisition of live dolphins for international marine parks and aquaria. During the hunts, dolphins are herded by a flotilla of fishing vessels and loud underwater noise created by fishermen banging hammers on metal poles. The prolonged and strenuous chase and use of sound barriers to herd, capture, and restrain the dolphins can result in acute stress and injury. The authors review physiological and behavioral data pertaining to chase, encirclement, and live capture of dolphins and draw comparisons between chase and capture data for marine and terrestrial species. This analysis raises substantial welfare concerns associated with the hunts and acquisition of dolphins from such capture operations. The authors assert that this data detailing the negative impacts of chase, herding and handling (capture) of small cetaceans renders these hunts inherently inhumane and should inform policy relating to the collection and management of dolphins in the wild.</p

Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of High-Strength Concrete Column Subjected to Moderate Case Heating Scenario in a Fire

This paper presents a numerically developed computer model to simulatethe thermal behavior and evaluate the mechanical performance of a fixedend loaded loaded High Strength Concrete Column (HSCC), subjectedto Moderate Case Heating Scenario (MCHS), in a hydrocarbon fire. Thetemperature distribution within the mid-height cross-sectional area of thecolumn was obtained to determine the thermal and mechanical responsesas a function of temperature. The governing two-dimensional transient heattransfer partial differential equation (PDE), was converted into a set of ordinary algebraic equations, subsequently, integrated numerically by usingthe explicit finite difference method, (FDM). A computer program, VisualBasic for Applications (VBA), was then developed to solve the set of ordinary algebraic equations by implementing the boundary as well as initialconditions. The predictions of the model were validated against experimental data from previous studies. The general behavior of the model as wellas the effect of the key model parameters were investigated at length in thereview. Finally, the reduction in the column’s compression strength and themodulus of elasticity was estimated using correlations from existing literature. And the HSCC failure load under fire conditions was predicted usingthe Rankine formula. The results showed that the model predictions of thetemperature distribution within the concrete column are in good agreementwith the experimental data. Furthermore, the increase in temperature ofthe reinforced concrete column, (RCC), due to fire resulted in a significantreduction in the column compression strength and considerably acceleratesthe column fire failure load