(4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)diiodidomercury(II)

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, [HgI2(C24H16N2)], the HgII atom is four-coordinated in a distorted tetra­hedral configuration by two N atoms from the bidentate 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline and two iodide ligands. There is a π–π contact between the pyridine and phenyl rings [centroid-to-centroid distance = 4.2387 (4) Å]

Exercise therapy, quality of life, and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson disease: a small scale quasi-randomised trial

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(4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)diiodidomercury(II)

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, [HgI2(C12H12N2)], the HgII atom is four-coordinated in a distorted tetra­hedral configuration by two N atoms from the 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligand and by two I atoms. There is a π–π contact between the pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.775 (6) Å]

Estimating Unit Cost for Dental Services: Evidence from Community Health Centers in Iran

Objectives: Cost information can help policy makers to set user fees, public and private tariffs and budgets and also to conduct an economic evaluation to provide health care with acceptable quality and affordable price. This study aimed to do a cost analysis for the Iranian Comprehensive Health Centers (CHCs), to estimate the unit cost of different dental services. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Capital and recurrent cost information of three urban CHCs in Mashhad was collected. Cost identification was based on the provider’s perspective. The step-down costing method was adopted from Konte and Waker and applied in five steps: defining cost centers, identification of operational activities, assigning inputs to cost centers, allocate all costs to final centers, and compute unit costs. Results: In dental services, the most important cost driver was human resources that comprised 69% of the total cost. The unit cost of a relative K for dental care was 12,189 Rials (1 USD: 31,407 Rials as in 2016). Accordingly, the unit cost for different dental services varied from 182,834 Rials for dental radiography to 1,589,570 Rials for class II composite restoration. The mean cost of a dental visit for examination and diagnosis estimated 247,436 Rials. Conclusion: Comparison between the estimated unit cost and the current dental tariffs reveled considerable differences. Integration of dental services to primary health care in the Iranian CHCs would result in the economies of scope.&nbsp

Maternal aerobic running during mid or late gestation improves the quality of oogenesis and folliculogenesis in the ovary of neonatal rats: An experimental study

Background: Regular maternal exercise in pregnancy enhances the physiological, metabolic, and psychological health of mother and fetus. Objective: To determine the effect of maternal aerobic running during mid or late gestation on plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone and the histological alterations in the ovary of neonatal rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one female Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental groups to exercises during the 2nd or 3rd wk of pregnancy (n = 14) and a control group (n = 7). After birth, the neonate’s blood was obtained and the estrogen and progesterone levels were evaluated. The ovaries were then removed and used for histological investigations and apoptic assessment. Results: Higher concentrations of estrogen and progesterone were found in the neonates of the experimental groups (p = 0.001) compared to the control group. The experimental groups had a large ovarian diameter (2nd wk: p = 0.044; 3rd wk: p = 0.005) and angiogenesis (2nd wk: p = 0.003; 3rd wk: p = 0.001). In addition, significant enhancements were seen in the the experimental groups in terms of the number (2nd wk: p = 0.017; p = 0.035) and diameter (2nd wk: p = 0.046; 3rd wk: p = 0.004) of primordial follicles, as well as in the diameter of primary oocytes (2nd wk: p = 0.073; 3rd wk: p = 0.019) compared to the control group. Moreover, rats that exercised had a lower number of apoptotic primordial follicles than the control group (2nd wk: p = 0.001; 3rd wk: p = 0.001). Conclusion: It was shown that maternal aerobic running can lead to increased plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone, also improved histological characteristics of the ovary in neonatal rats. Key words: Apoptosis, Exercise, Neonatal, Oogenesis, Ovary, Rat

Diaqua­(2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxyl­ato-κ2 N,N′)(ethyl­enediamine-κ2 N,N′)copper(II) 2.5-hydrate

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, [Cu(C12H6N2O4)(C2H8N2)(H2O)2]·2.5H2O, the CuII atom is six-coordinated in a distorted octa­hedral configuration by two N atoms from a 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxyl­ate anion, two N atoms from ethyl­enediamine and two O atoms from two water mol­ecules. There are also two and a half water mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The planar five-membered ring is nearly coplanar with the adjacent pyridine rings, while the other five-membered ring adopts a twisted conformation, probably due to hydrogen bonding. In the crystal structure, intra- and inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules

Dibromido(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)mercury(II)

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, [HgBr2(C14H12N2)], the HgII atom is four-coordinated in a distorted tetra­hedral configuration by two N atoms from a 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline ligand and by two Br atoms. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains along the b axis. There are π–π contacts between the phenanthroline rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.806 (4), 3.819 (4), 3.739 (3), 3.690 (3), 3.619 (4) and 3.674 (3) Å]

Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Echium Amoenum Extract on Mn2+-Imposed Parkinson Like Disorder in Rats

Purpose: Manganism is a cognitive disorder take places in peoples are exposed to environmental manganese pollution. Overexposure to manganese ion (Mn2+) mainly influences central nervous system and causes symptoms that increase possibility of hippocampal damages. Methods: In this study rats were administrated by two different doses of MnCl2 and behavioral and physiological consequences were evaluated. We also investigated effects of E. Amoenum on Mn2+-imposed toxicity by behavioral, biochemical, immunoblotting and histological studies on hippocampus tissue. Results: Results showed metal overexposure increases oxidative stress mainly by lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species overproduction. Histological studies and caspase 3 analyses by immunoblotting revealed Mn2+ induced apoptosis from mitochondrial-dependent pathway in the presence of low metal dose. This study provides evidence that oral administration of E. amoenum extract inhibited manganese neurotoxicity by oxidative stress attenuation and apoptosis reduction that lead to improved depression like behavior. Plant extract also increased catecholamine content in Mn2+ treated hippocampus. Conclusion: As molecular and pathophysiological effects of E. amoenum, it could be considered as a pre-treatment for Parkinson and Parkinson like disorders in high-risk people

Dichlorido(6-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)mercury(II)

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, [HgCl2(C11H10N2)], the HgII atom is four-coordinated in a distorted tetra­hedral configuration by two N atoms from a 6-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligand and two Cl atoms. There is a π–π contact between the pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.9758 (5) Å]