Entamoeba histolytica Phosphoserine aminotransferase (EhPSAT): insights into the structure-function relationship

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Presence of phosphorylated Serine biosynthesis pathway upstream to the de novo cysteine biosynthesis pathway makes PSAT a crucial enzyme. Besides this, phoshoserine produced by the enzyme can also be taken up directly by cysteine synthase as a substrate. PSAT is a PLP dependent enzyme where the cofactor serves as an epicenter for functional catalysis with the active site architecture playing crucial role in optimum function of the enzyme.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>EhPSAT is a homodimer of molecular mass 86 kDa. To understand the structural modulations associated with pH dependent changes in functional activity of EhPSAT detailed biophysical studies were carried out. pH alterations had no significant effect on the secondary structure, cofactor orientation and oligomeric configuration of the enzyme however, pH dependent compaction in molecular dimensions was observed. Most interestingly, a direct correlation between pH induced modulation of functional activity and orientation of Trp 101 present in the active site of the enzyme was observed. Sodium halides nullified the pH induced global changes in the enzyme, however differential effect of these salts on the active site microenvironment and functional activity of the enzyme was observed.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The study unequivocally demonstrates that pH induced selective modification of active site microenvironment and not global change in structure or oligomeric status of the enzyme is responsible for the pH dependent change in enzymatic activity of PSAT.</p

Effect of sodium chloride on physiological and biochemical indices of wheat and maize genotypes

Aim. Study the effect of sodium chloride on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat and maize genotypes, to identify varieties tolerant to salinity. To create new salt-tolerant varieties of wheat and maize, a comparative analysis of the physiological and biochemical parameters of the parental and hybrid plants was carried out. Methods. Physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content, relative water content, and PSII activity have been studied in parental forms and hybrids. Results. Based on the physiological indices determined during the grain filling stage, the highest tolerance was manifested by the parental forms, Garabagh, Gobustan, and the hybrids, ♀Garabagh×♂Gobustan, ♀Garabagh×♂Mirbashir, ♀Garabagh×♂Sharg. The varieties Gurur and Zagatala-68 and hybrid “Gurur×Zagatala-68” were resistant to 200 mmol salt concentration.The varietiesofmaize Gurur and Zagatala-68 were resistant to 200 mmol salt concentratio

Measurement Based: 4G and 5G networks Analysis

The advancement of communications services requires the adoption of advanced technologies and the deployment of next generation networks. Nowadays, the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standard is widely used. Conversely, an increasing number of mobile network operators (MNOs) are integrating the new fifth generation (5G) radio standard into their networks. This facilitates enhanced throughput, spectral and power efficiency and extended coverage, along with minimizing latency. The effectiveness of these developments is evaluated by evaluating the Quality of Service (QoS) in mobile networks. This study describes LTE-4G and NR-5G data measurements and key performance indicator (KPI) analysis based on information collected through a test drive (DT) process for two operators in Austria. Data measurements specifically target parameters that affect network strength and quality, including reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR), and received signal strength index (RSSI). And downlink - uplink data transfer rate (DL/UL throughput). Analysis of these parameters may reveal the presence of some errors when collecting data from the mobile phone network, such as errors from DT devices, errors from the network itself, errors due to weather conditions, geographical errors, etc. Identify areas of vulnerability for specialized attention to address network errors and maintain them to increase data accuracy and improve quality of services. Ultimately, analyzing KPIs and detecting errors within the collected data provides a simplified approach to managing and monitoring mobile network performance, reducing complexity, maintenance time and costs, thus enhancing customer satisfaction

Comprehensive study: machine learning approaches for COVID-19 diagnosis

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused a large number of death since has declared as an international pandemic in December 2019, and it is spreading all over the world (more than 200 countries). This situation puts the health organizations in an aberrant demand for urgent needs to develop significant early detection and monitoring smart solutions. Therefore, that new system or solution might be capable to identify COVID-19 quickly and accurately. Nowadays, the science of artificial intelligence (AI), and internet of things (IoT) techniques have an extensive range of applications, it can be initiated a possible solution for early detection and accurate decisions. We believe, combine both of the IoT revolution and machine learning (ML) methods are expected to reshape healthcare treatment strategies to provide smart (diagnosis, treatments, monitoring, and hospitals). This work aims to overview the recent solutions that have been used for early detection, and to provide the researchers a comprehensive summary that contribute to the pandemic control such AI, IoT, cloud, fog, algorithms, and all the dataset and their sources that recently published. In addition, all models, frameworks, monitoring systems, devices, and ideas (in four sections) have been sufficiently presented with all clarifications and justifications. Also, we propose a new vision for early detection based on IoT sensors data entry using 1 million patients-data to verify three proposed methods

MC-DS-CDMA System based on DWT and STBC in ITU Multipath Fading Channels Model

&nbsp;في هذه الورقة، تم تحسين أداء النفوذ المتعدد بالتقسيم لرمز السلسلة المباشر متعدد الموجات (MC-DS-CDMA) في تطبيقات MC-DS-CDMA الثابتة والتطبيقات MC-DS-CDMA &nbsp;المتنقلة باستعمال تعويضات التشفير الزمنية الفضائية وتحويل فورير السريعة المنفصلة (FFT) أو تحويل المويجات المنفصلة DWT. وقد تمت محاكاة أنظمة MC-DS-CDMA &nbsp;باستخدام ماتلاب 2015a. من خلال محاكاة النظام المقترح، يمكن تغيير المعالم المختلفة واختبارها. ويتم الحصول على معدل خطأ البيانات (BER) لهذه الأنظمة على مدى واسع من نسبة الإشارة إلى الضوضاء. وقد قورنت جميع نتائج المحاكاة مع بعضها البعض باستخدام حجم الموجة الحاملة الفرعية المختلفة FFT أو DWT مع ل STBC 1،2،3 و 4 هوائيات في المرسل وفي مختلف قنوات الخبو في متعددة الممرات ITU ومختلف ترددات دوبلر (fd).In this paper, the performance of multicarrier direct sequence code division multiple access (MC-DS-CDMA) in fixed MC-DS-CDMA and Mobile MC-DS-CDMA applications have been improved by using the compensations of space time block coding and Discrete Fast Fourier transforms (FFT) or Discrete Wavelets transform DWT. These MC-DS-CDMA systems had been simulated using MATLAB 2015a. Through simulation of the proposed system, various parameters can be changed and tested. The Bit Error Rate (BERs) of these systems are obtained over wide range of signal to noise ratio. All simulation results had been compared with each other using different subcarrier size of FFT or DWT with STBC for 1,2,3 and 4 antennas in transmitter and under different ITU multipath fading channels and different Doppler frequencies (fd). The proposed structures of STBC-MC-DS-CDMA system based on (DWT) batter than based on (FFT) in varies Doppler frequencies and subcarrier size. Also, proposed system with STBC based on 4 transmitters better than other systems based on 1 or 2 or 3 transmitters in all Doppler frequencies and subcarrier size in all simulation results

Seasonal variability of anthropogenic indices of PAHs in sediment from the Kuala Selangor River, west coast Peninsular Malaysia

Rapid increase in industrialization and urbanization in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia has led to the intense release of petroleum and products of petroleum into the environment. Surface sediment samples were collected from the Selangor River in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia during four climatic seasons and analyzed for PAHs and biomarkers (hopanes). Sediments were soxhlet extracted and further purified and fractionated through first and second step column chromatography. A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for analysis of PAHs and hopanes fractions. The average concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 219.7 to 672.3 ng g−1 dw. The highest concentrations of PAHs were detected at 964.7 ng g−1 dw in station S5 in the mouth of the Selangor River during the wet inter-monsoonal season. Both pyrogenic and petrogenic PAHs were detected in the sediments with a predominance of the former. The composition of hopanes was homogeneous showing that petroleum hydrocarbons share an identical source in the study area. Diagnostic ratios of hopanes indicated that some of the sediment samples carry the crankcase oil signature

Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Protein Levels in Sperm of Obese Men with and without Diabetes; Cellular Approach in Male Infertility

Objective: Although the role of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) in male infertility is well established, little informationabout the underlying cellular mechanisms in infertility is available. In this sense, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) hasbeen recognized as an important regulator in obesity and DM; However, its function in the pathogenesis of maleinfertility has never been studied in obese or men who suffer from diabetes. Therefore, the main goal of current researchis assessing NF-kB existence and activity in ejaculated human spermatozoa considering the obesity and diabeticscondition of males. Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, the ELISA technique was applied to analyze NF-kB levels in spermof four experimental groups: non-obese none-diabetic men (body mass index (BMI) 30 kg/m2; OB group; n=30), non-obese diabetic men (BMI 30 kg/m2; OB-DM group; n=30) who were presented to Royan Institute Infertility Center.In addition, protein localization was shown by Immunocytofluorescent assay. Sperm features were also evaluated usingCASA. Results: The diabetic men were older than non-diabetic men regardless of obesity status (P=0.0002). Sperm progressivemotility was affected by obesity (P=0.035) and type A sperm progressive motility was affected by DM (P=0.034). Theconcentration of sperm (P=0.013), motility (P=0.025) and morphology (P<0.0001) were altered by obesity × diabetesinteraction effects. The NF-kB activity was negatively influenced by the main impact of diabetics (P=0.019). Obesitydid not affect (P=0.248) NF-kB activity. Uniquely, NF-kB localized to the midpiece of sperm and post-acrosomal areas. Conclusion: The current study indicated a lower concentration of NF-kB in diabetic men, no effect of obesity on NF-kBwas observed yet. Additionally, we revealed the main obesity and diabetes effects, and their interaction effect adverselyinfluenced sperm characteristics

Management of Treatment and Prevention of Acute OP Pesticide Poisoning by Medical Informatics, Telemedicine and Nanomedicine

Acute organophosphorous pesticide (OP) poisoning kills a lot of people each year. Treatment of acute OP poisoning is of very difficult task and is a time taking event. Present day informatics methods (telemedicine), bioinformatics methods (data mining, molecular modeling, docking, cheminformatics), and nanotechnology (nanomedicine) should be applied in combination or separately to combat the rise of death rate due to OP poisoning. Use of informatics method such as Java enabled camera mobiles will enable us early detection of insecticidal poisoning. Even the patients who are severely intoxicated (suicidal attempts) can be diagnosed early. Telemedicine can take care for early diagnosis and early treatment. Simultaneously efforts must be taken with regard to nanotechnology to find lesser toxic compounds (use less dose of nanoparticle mediated compounds: nano-malathion) as insecticides and find better efficacy of lesser dose of compounds for treatment (nano-atropine) of OP poisoning. Nano-apitropine (atropine oxide) may be a better choice for OP poisoning treatment as the anticholinergic agent; apitropine and hyoscyamine have exhibited higher binding affinity than atropine sulfate. Synthesis of insecticides (malathion) with an antidote (atropine, apitropine) in nanoscale range will prevent the lethal effect of insecticides

Distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in surface sediments from selected locations in Kuala Selangor River, Malaysia

A study has been conducted at selected locations along the Kuala Selangor River, Malaysia on seven surface sediment samples to determine the level of hydrocarbon pollution in the sediments. The homogenized sediments were extracted using soxhlet, fractionated and analyzed by using GCMS. PAHs were detected and were found in the range of 563–1,037 ng/g (dryweight). Ratio MP/P was used to determine the anthropogenic PAHs sources where seven stations were found to be polluted by petrogenic sources. Furthermore, MP/P ratios for sediment samples had values ranging from 1.752 to 18.6, while L/H ratios for the same samples ranged from 0.2978 to 1.393. There were 26 compounds of PAHs detected in the samples. Further analysis and more data is needed in order to identify the sources of oil pollution in seven sediment samples with unidentified oil sources

Anthropogenic waste indicators (AWIs), particularly PAHs and LABs, in Malaysian sediments: application of aquatic environment for identifying anthropogenic pollution

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) were used as anthropogenic markers of organic chemical pollution of sediments in the Selangor River, Peninsular Malaysia. This study was conducted on sediment samples from the beginning of the estuary to the upstream river during dry and rainy seasons. The concentrations of ƩPAHs and ƩLABs ranged from 203 to 964 and from 23 to 113 ng g− 1 dry weight (dw), respectively. In particular, the Selangor River was found to have higher sedimentary levels of PAHs and LABs during the wet season than in the dry season, which was primarily associated with the intensity of domestic wastewater discharge and high amounts of urban runoff washing the pollutants from the surrounding area. The concentrations of the toxic contaminants were determined according to the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). The PAH levels in the Selangor River did not exceed the SQGs, for example, the effects range low (ERL) value, indicating that they cannot exert adverse biological effects