Science of Multifunctional Materials Development for Aerospace Systems

NASA's missions to explore our world, solar system, galaxy and universe presents extraordinary complex challenges. These challenges can only be met with excellence in science and engineering, innovation, and rigorous team work

A Journey to the Coolest Job on the Planet!

NASA's missions to explore our world, solar system, galaxy and universe presents extraordinary complex challenges. These challenges can only be met with excellence in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education, innovation, and a lot of rigorous team work. Where does excellence in STEM begin

DNA rearrangements generating artificial promoters

The promoter-cloning plasmid pBRH4 (a derivative of pBR322 with a partially deleted promoter of the tet gene) is shown to contain a sequence which is located near the EcoRI site and can operate as an effective Pribnow box, but is not the remainder of the deletion-inactivated tet promoter of pBR322. If there is a sequence homologous to the ‘-35’ promoter region at the border of the DNA fragment inserted at the EcoRI site, then a compound promoter arises and activates the tet gene. Point mutations in the nonfunctional -35 region of pBRH4 also activate the cryptic Pribnow box. Several compound promoters were obtained through deleting small portions of DNA around the HindIII site of pBR322; the deletions moved various sequences that could operate as Pribnow boxes towards the -35 region of the tet promoter.Показано, що плазміда pBRH4 (похідна pBR322 із частково вилученим промотором гена tet) містить послідовність, здатну функціонувати в якості блока Прібнова, але яка не є залишком частково вилученого промотору гена tet. Якщо в EcoRI-сайт клонується фрагмент ДНК, що містить послідовність, гомологічну "-35"-ій ділянці промотора, виникає штучний промотор, що активує tet-ген. Точкові мутації в нефункціонуючому - 35-му районі pBRH4 також активують блок Прібнова. За допомогою делецій у районі сайту HindIII плазміди pBR322 отриманий ряд складних промоторів; ці делеції змістили різні послідовності, здатні функціонувати в якості блока Прібнова, до - 35-го району tet-промотора. // Русск. версия: Показано, что плазмида pBRH4 (производная pBR322 с частично удалённым промотором гена tet) содержит последовательность, способную функционировать в качестве блока Прибнова, но которая не является остатком частично удаленного промотора гена tet. Если в EcoRI-сайт клонируется фрагмент ДНК, содержащий последовательность, гомологичную "-35"-му участку промотора, возникает искусственный промотор, активирующий tet-ген. Точковые мутации в нефункционирующем -35-м районе pBRH4 также активируют блок Прибнова. С помощью делеций в районе сайта HindIII плазмиды pBR322 получен ряд составных промоторов; эти делеции сместили различные последовательности, способные функционировать в качестве блока Прибнова, к -35-му району tet-промотора. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/267

Integrated Computational-Experimental Development of Lithium-Air Batteries for Electric Aircraft

The primary obstacle to enable NASA's vision of Green Aviation is the extraordinary energy storage requirements for electric aircraft. Significant advances in high energy, rechargeable, safe batteries are required to enable electric aviation. Boeing's SUGAR and NASA studies have identified 400 Wh/kg as the threshold energy density for general aviation and 750 Wh/kg for commercial regional air service. State of the Art Lithium Ion Battery (LIB) technology currently has a density of 200 Wh/kg and is expected to plateau at 300 Wh/kg due to fundamental chemistry limitations making it unsuitable for future electric aircraft. Additional demanding requirements include high power, rechargeability, and high safety. Such battery technology does not currently exist. The recent considerable activity in battery research (DOE, Tesla Gigafactory, etc) overwhelmingly has been geared towards reducing cost and improving safety of LIB technology in order to promote the adoption of electric automobiles; and thus it is expected to have little impact on electric aviation development. New battery materials will be needed for the "Beyond Li Ion" (BLI) technologies required for high energy, safe electric aviation. Li-Air batteries have the highest known theoretical energy density (3400 Wh/kg) and therefore and if realized promises to transform the global transportation system. These high energy batteries have the potential to meet the energy storage challenges of current and future NASA aeronautics and space missions in addition to many terrestrial transportation applications as well. However, this technology requires significant components development and integration, as it is currently unable to achieve aircraft requirements. The objective of this project is to leverage modern computational materials methods combined with battery multiphysics tools to develop radically advanced compatible cathode and electrolyte materials, build several Li-Air cells, and flight-demonstrate the corresponding Li-Air battery packs. A significant problem for current Lithium-Air batteries is large scale decomposition of the battery electrolyte during operation leading to battery failure after a handful of charge/discharge cycles. Therefore, development of large scale, ultra-high energy, rechargeable, and safe Lithium-Air batteries require highly stable electrolytes that are resistant to decomposition under operating conditions. A NASA-based cross-organizational "dream team" of high-powered experts combined integrated supercomputer modeling, fundamental chemistry analysis, advanced material science, and battery cell development to tackle this very challenging, multidisciplinary problem. The ultimate goal for the team is to develop an integrated experimental/computational infrastructure to produce a reliable predictive capability for the selection of optimal components, their fabrication parameters, and "design rules" of novel cell components for advanced ultra-high energy batteries that can meet energy storage challenges of NASA missions and many terrestrial transportation applications

Investigations of Physical Processes in Microgravity Relevant to Space Electrochemical Power Systems

NASA has performed physical science microgravity flight experiments in the areas of combustion science, fluid physics, material science and fundamental physics research on the International Space Station (ISS) since 2001. The orbital conditions on the ISS provide an environment where gravity driven phenomena, such as buoyant convection, are nearly negligible. Gravity strongly affects fluid behavior by creating forces that drive motion, shape phase boundaries and compress gases. The need for a better understanding of fluid physics has created a vigorous, multidisciplinary research community whose ongoing vitality is marked by the continuous emergence of new fields in both basic and applied science. In particular, the low-gravity environment offers a unique opportunity for the study of fluid physics and transport phenomena that are very relevant to management of fluid - gas separations in fuel cell and electrolysis systems. Experiments conducted in space have yielded rich results. These results provided valuable insights into fundamental fluid and gas phase behavior that apply to space environments and could not be observed in Earth-based labs. As an example, recent capillary flow results have discovered both an unexpected sensitivity to symmetric geometries associated with fluid container shape, and identified key regime maps for design of corner or wedge-shaped passive gas-liquid phase separators. In this presentation we will also briefly review some of physical science related to flight experiments, such as boiling, that have applicability to electrochemical systems, along with ground-based (drop tower, low gravity aircraft) microgravity electrochemical research. These same buoyancy and interfacial phenomena effects will apply to electrochemical power and energy storage systems that perform two-phase separation, such as water-oxygen separation in life support electrolysis, and primary space power generation devices such as passive primary fuel cell

The NASA Advanced Space Power Systems Project

The goal of the NASA Advanced Space Power Systems Project is to develop advanced, game changing technologies that will provide future NASA space exploration missions with safe, reliable, light weight and compact power generation and energy storage systems. The development effort is focused on maturing the technologies from a technology readiness level of approximately 23 to approximately 56 as defined in the NASA Procedural Requirement 7123.1B. Currently, the project is working on two critical technology areas: High specific energy batteries, and regenerative fuel cell systems with passive fluid management. Examples of target applications for these technologies are: extending the duration of extravehicular activities (EVA) with high specific energy and energy density batteries; providing reliable, long-life power for rovers with passive fuel cell and regenerative fuel cell systems that enable reduced system complexity. Recent results from the high energy battery and regenerative fuel cell technology development efforts will be presented. The technical approach, the key performance parameters and the technical results achieved to date in each of these new elements will be included. The Advanced Space Power Systems Project is part of the Game Changing Development Program under NASAs Space Technology Mission Directorate

Applications of AC Impedance Spectroscopy as Characterization and Diagnostic Tool in Rechargeable Energy Storage Devices

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Applications of AC Impedance Spectroscopy As Characterization and Diagnostic Tool in Rechargeable Energy Storage Devices

Abstract not Available.</jats:p

Multi-Frequency Electrochemical Impedance Lubricant Condition Sensor

Abstract not Available.</jats:p

Local Organization of Expedient Behaviour of Technical Systems

Available from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio