BP Reduction, Kidney Function Decline, and Cardiovascular Events in Patients without CKD.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), intensive systolic BP treatment (target <120 mm Hg) was associated with fewer cardiovascular events and higher incidence of kidney function decline compared with standard treatment (target <140 mm Hg). We evaluated the association between mean arterial pressure reduction, kidney function decline, and cardiovascular events in patients without CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: We categorized patients in the intensive treatment group of the SPRINT according to mean arterial pressure reduction throughout follow-up: <20, 20 to <40, and ≥40 mm Hg. We defined the primary outcome as kidney function decline (≥30% reduction in eGFR to <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 on two consecutive determinations at 3-month intervals), and we defined the secondary outcome as cardiovascular events. In a propensity score analysis, patients in each mean arterial pressure reduction category from the intensive treatment group were matched with patients from the standard treatment group to calculate the number needed to treat regarding cardiovascular events and the number needed to harm regarding kidney function decline. RESULTS: In the intensive treatment group, 1138 (34%) patients attained mean arterial pressure reduction <20 mm Hg, 1857 (56%) attained 20 to <40 mm Hg, and 309 (9%) attained ≥40 mm Hg. Adjusted hazard ratios for kidney function decline were 2.10 (95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 3.59) for mean arterial pressure reduction between 20 and 40 mm Hg and 6.22 (95% confidence interval, 2.75 to 14.08) for mean arterial pressure reduction ≥40 mm Hg. In propensity score analysis, mean arterial pressure reduction <20 mm Hg presented a number needed to treat of 44 and a number needed to harm of 65, reduction between 20 and <40 mm Hg presented a number needed to treat of 42 and a number needed to harm of 35, and reduction ≥40 mm Hg presented a number needed to treat of 95 and a number needed to harm of 16. CONCLUSIONS: In the intensive treatment group of SPRINT, larger declines in mean arterial pressure were associated with higher incidence of kidney function decline. Intensive treatment seemed to be less favorable when a larger reduction in mean arterial pressure was needed to attain the BP target.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Measurement of Secondary Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies with Two Years of South Pole Telescope Observations

We present the first three-frequency South Pole Telescope (SPT) cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra. The band powers presented here cover angular scales 2000 < ℓ < 9400 in frequency bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. At these frequencies and angular scales, a combination of the primary CMB anisotropy, thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effects, radio galaxies, and cosmic infrared background (CIB) contributes to the signal. We combine Planck/HFI and SPT data at 220 GHz to constrain the amplitude and shape of the CIB power spectrum and find strong evidence for nonlinear clustering. We explore the SZ results using a variety of cosmological models for the CMB and CIB anisotropies and find them to be robust with one exception: allowing for spatial correlations between the thermal SZ effect and CIB significantly degrades the SZ constraints. Neglecting this potential correlation, we find the thermal SZ power at 150 GHz and ℓ = 3000 to be 3.65 ± 0.69 μK^2, and set an upper limit on the kinetic SZ power to be less than 2.8 μK^2 at 95% confidence. When a correlation between the thermal SZ and CIB is allowed, we constrain a linear combination of thermal and kinetic SZ power: D^(tSZ)_(3000) + 0.5D^(kSZ)_(3000) = 4.60 ± 0.63 μK^2, consistent with earlier measurements. We use the measured thermal SZ power and an analytic, thermal SZ model calibrated with simulations to determine σ_8 = 0.807 ± 0.016. Modeling uncertainties involving the astrophysics of the intracluster medium rather than the statistical uncertainty in the measured band powers are the dominant source of uncertainty on σ_8. We also place an upper limit on the kinetic SZ power produced by patchy reionization; a companion paper uses these limits to constrain the reionization history of the universe

Stability of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) nectar during storage

A shelf-life study on cupua¸cu nectar (Theobroma grandiflorum) was carried out in two parts. Part I studied the microbial stability of the regular nectar (batch R) and the same nectar fortified with synthetic ascorbic acid (AA) (batch F), pasteurized at 90 ◦C for 3 min and hot filled in glass bottles. Total Plate Count (TPC), yeast and molds as well as pH, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity and hidroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were followed along 43 storage days at 4, 25 and 35 ◦C. At the end of the storage period neither TPC nor molds or yeast had recovered the initial loads observed before pasteurization, for both R and F batches. Right after pasteurization, acidity increased slightly, pH decreased from 3.52 to 3.3, and TSS increased from 18.7 to 19.0 ◦Brix, with all stabilizing afterwards. Part II evaluated ascorbic (AA) and dehydroascorbic (DHAA) acids’ stabilization in the two batches, R and F, and dissolved oxygen (DO) was monitored. Both batches were stored at the same temperatures as in Part I for two months. For batch R, the AA degradation results followed a reversible first order reaction (EaAA(R) =-34±6 kJ/mol, k AA(R)25◦C =0.006±0.003 days−1 , C0AA(R)=0.92±0.01 and C ∞AA(R)= 0.43±0.19). For the (F) nectar, the experimental data fitted a first order model well (EaAA(F )=30±17 kJ/mol, k AA(F )25◦C =0.0016±0.0004 days−1 ). DO was modeled as a fractional conversion model (EaDO= 67±17 kJ/mol, kDO25◦C = 1.94±0.94 days−1 , C0DO=0.97±0.03 and C ∞DO= 0.55±0.01). For both nectars, storage at environmental temperatures was preferred (AA retention above 80%) to refrigeration, due to the slower rate of diffusion of DO at lower temperatures

Comment on Bress et al. Effect of Intensive Versus Standard Blood Pressure Treatment According to Baseline Prediabetes Status: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care 2017;40:1401-1408.

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Method for Individual Source Brightness Estimation in Single- and Multi-band Data

We present a method of reliably extracting the flux of individual sources from sky maps in the presence of noise and a source population in which number counts are a steeply falling function of flux. The method is an extension of a standard Bayesian procedure in the millimeter/submillimeter literature. As in the standard method, the prior applied to source flux measurements is derived from an estimate of the source counts as a function of flux, dN/dS. The key feature of the new method is that it enables reliable extraction of properties of individual sources, which previous methods in the literature do not. We first present the method for extracting individual source fluxes from data in a single observing band, then we extend the method to multiple bands, including prior information about the spectral behavior of the source population(s). The multi-band estimation technique is particularly relevant for classifying individual sources into populations according to their spectral behavior. We find that proper treatment of the correlated prior information between observing bands is key to avoiding significant biases in estimations of multi-band fluxes and spectral behavior, biases which lead to significant numbers of misclassified sources. We test the single- and multi-band versions of the method using simulated observations with observing parameters similar to that of the South Pole Telescope data used in Vieira, et al. (2010).Comment: 11 emulateapj pages, 3 figures, revised to match published versio

Contaminação por mercúrio em sedimento e moluscos da Bacia do rio Bento Gomes, MT.

Os níveis de mercúrio total detectados no sedimento e tecidos moles de moluscos gastrópodos provenientes da bacia hidrográfica do rio Bento Gomes, embora baixos, mostraram indícios de contaminação. De um total de 69 amostras de sedimento analisadas, 26% apresentaram níveis de mercúrio total variando de 0,01 a 0,25 µg.g-1 de mercúrio (peso úmido). Os níveis de mercúrio obtidos em 54 amostras dos moluscos Ampullaria scalaris; A. canaliculata e Marisa planogira evidenciaram que 39% estavam contaminadas com níveis variando de 0,02 a 1,6 µg.g-1 de peso úmido. Estes resultados indicam que o mercúrio utilizado na extração de ouro de aluvião está atingindo o ambiente aquático e contaminado o sedimento e os organismos bentônicos desta área do Pantanal.bitstream/item/37304/1/BP58.pd

Época de semeadura: um importante fator que afeta a produtividade da cultura da soja.

Temperatura do ar; Umidade do solo; Fotoperíodo.bitstream/item/65720/1/DOC34.pd

Manual de interpretação de trilhas: explorando os conceitos de ecologia e conservação de floresta na Reserva do Caju.

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Modelling of sanitary sewer systems integrating rainfall-derived infiltration and inflow

Wastewater utilities often have management difficulties when excessive wet-weather flow leads to serious impacts in public health and environment as well as disturbing operational conditions in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). This phenomenon, resulting from rainfall-derived infiltration and inflow (RDII), occurs mainly due to defects in pipes and manholes (infiltration) and to illicit connections from downspouts, foundation drains or cross-connections with storm sewers (inflow), contributing to sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs). These difficulties related to SSOs negatively affect: (i) the capacity and operation of sanitary sewer collection; (ii) the performance and treatment efficiency of WWTP; (iii) the risk of a public health hazards and environmental contamination. This well-known wastewater managerial problem is very difficult to locate and quantify in practice since the needed adequate measurement equipment often entails unsustainable costs for utilities. Wastewater flow mathematical modelling integrating a digital cadastral database using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) constitutes a sound methodology in predicting sanitary sewer systems performance which is a critical issue within SSOs reduction and remediation programs. This paper presents the implementation of a methodology based on hydroinformatic tools to determine the contribution of RDII in complex municipal sewer systems in order to establish adequate urban wastewater management policies that will effectively mitigate SSOs. USEPA SWMM, and digital cadastral database with field verification were applied in a simulation study of the small scale sanitary sewer network of Espinho (Braga, Portugal) whose results will be used in a larger scale to create a city-wide model for wastewater systems management

Utilizacão de pesticidas na agropecuária dos municípios da Bacia do Alto Taquari de 1988 a 1996 e risco de contaminação do Pantanal, MS, Brasil.

A partir da década de 1970, a remoção da vegetação nativa, principalmente dos cerrados, da Bacia do Alto Taquari (BAT), localizada em Mato Grosso do Sul e parte de Mato Grosso, se intensificou, para a implantação da agropecuária. Essa ocupação foi desordenada e não seguiu as técnicas mínimas de manejo e conservação de solo. As terras mais fracas foram transformadas em pastagens cultivadas. Os latossolos, localizados nos Chapadões e com topografia apropriada a mecanização agrícola, foram ocupados, principalmente, pelas culturas de soja, milho, arroz, trigo e feijão. A utilização de pesticidas passou a preocupar a sociedade pelo risco de afetar diretamente a saúde do homem pelo consumo de alimentos contaminados e, indiretamente, pelas cadeias alimentares. A contaminação pode também afetar a biodiversidade do Pantanal, sem que sintomas sejam percebidos. Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a evolução da área cultivada nos municípios de BAT, estimar a carga de pesticidas utilizada por classe e grupo químico, discriminados por ano (1988 a 1996), por cultura e município. A área anualmente cultivada pelas principais culturas foi obtida da base de dados do IBGE. Também uma base informatizada foi gerada pela Embrapa Pantanal, referente a utilização de pesticidas nos municípios da BAT de Mato Grosso do Sul, extraídos do Receituário Agronômico do CREA-MS. Os dados revelaram que o município de São Gabriel do Oeste foi o que apresentou a maior área cultivada e a soja foi a cultura de maior expressão na utilização de pesticidas. Do total de pesticidas (herbicidas + inseticidas + fungicidas), calculado em 1.369.957 litros e 157.120 quilos, nos municípios da BAT/MS, de 1998 a 1996, São Gabriel do Oeste foi o que contribuiu com a maior proporção, estimada em 506.159 litros (36,95%) e 27.684 quilos, (17,62%), e com a maior carga de herbicidas, estimada em 400.555 litros (37,20%). Os herbicidas foram os mais utilizados na BAT no período avaliado, seguido a distancia pelos inseticidas e fungicidas. A cultura de soja foi a que mais empregou herbicidas. Destacam-se as dinitroanilinas, base da trifuralina, do grupo químico dos herbicidas, seguido por difenileteres, imidazolinonas, imidazolinas, benzotiazinas, bipiridilios, derivados de glicina, fenoxiaceticos, aceanilidas, ariloxi fenopis propionatos, triazinas e sulfonilureias. Dos inseticidas, os grupos mais utilizados foram os organofosforados, esteres do ácido sulfuroso de um diol ciclico (organoclorados), carbamatos, triazina + triazina, pirotroides sintéticos, organoclorofosforados, atrizina + metolachlor, organoclorados e dinitroanilinas, em ordem decrescente. Dos fungicidas, em ordem decrescente, encontram-se os ditiocarbamatos, ftalimidas, benzimidazois, triazois, ftaminas, cupricos e anilidas. E também apresentada uma analise do município de São Gabriel do Oeste, porque foi o apresentou a maior utilização de pesticidas na serie de anos avaliada e por apresentar quase toda sua área na BAT. Foram feitas algumas recomendações de ordem geral que podem contribuir para a redução do uso de pesticidas e melhorar a precisão das futuras avaliações em outras bacias hidrográficas do Pantanal.bitstream/item/37570/1/CT27.pd