Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Optical properties of the Black Sea: Results of the CoMSBlack and TU Black Sea Programs

The results of the earlier optical studies together with the recent measurements carried out within the framework of the CoMSBlack and TU-Black Programs between 1991-1995 are given. The observations reported here are the first basin wide measurements of the optical variables in the Black Sea. Basin wide optical data set collected during July 1992 was analyzed which correspond to lowest water transparency observation among the all measurements done in the basin. Optical properties water model was applied to understand this extreme case. The long-term variability of the Black Sea water transparency found in connection with 11-year cycle of solar activity. The turbid boundary layer at the oxic/anoxic zone of the Black Sea and its connection with hydrophysical and hydrochemical factors were investigated

Optical parameters of the Black Sea waters: Long-term variability and present status

Seasonal and long-term variability of the Black sea optical parameters are analyzed using valuable data set from the data bases of Marine Hydrophysical Institute and Institute of Marine Sciences. The drastic decrease of the water transparency was observed during 1986-1992. It coincided with the big changes of the spectral distribution of water optical parameters. The main causes of these changes are eutrophication, influence of biological invader Mnemiopsis leidyi on the sea ecosystem, and the natural 11-years cycle

division wise cumulative rainfall 01 June - 12 Sep 2017

Not AvailableProgress of Rainfall in Different Meteorological Sub-divisions of India (Relative departure from normal in %) 01 June - 12 Sep 2017Not Availabl