Inroads to a Structured Data Natural Language Bijection and the role of LLM annotation

This work finds limited evidence supporting the theory that using multiple tasks with sequence-to-sequence transformer language models can improve performance on some metrics. In particular, the multi-task generalist t5-small outperforms the specialist t5-small with a $F_1$ of $0.771$ up from $0.692$, which may point to underlying cross-task knowledge generalization. This further suggests that even with the same network, "re-using" the same data in a different way may lead to higher performance in some metrics. However, the inverse task alone is likely only an optimization strategy, since it does not yield a significant general improvement at the model sizes explored in this work. Also, adding $\approx 4500$ LLM annotated records (interlaced with the $12800$ WebNLG training records) does not substantially change automatic metric performance compared to the same t5-small model without the synthetic data. This may be due to a learning capacity bottleneck on account of model size, and decreases observed may be due to distributional differences in the corpora. Future research using larger models or human evaluation is required to more fully explain the mechanisms contributing to performance on these tasks.Comment: Graduate Coursewor

The Potential of AutoML for Recommender Systems

Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) has greatly advanced applications of Machine Learning (ML) including model compression, machine translation, and computer vision. Recommender Systems (RecSys) can be seen as an application of ML. Yet, AutoML has found little attention in the RecSys community; nor has RecSys found notable attention in the AutoML community. Only few and relatively simple Automated Recommender Systems (AutoRecSys) libraries exist that adopt AutoML techniques. However, these libraries are based on student projects and do not offer the features and thorough development of AutoML libraries. We set out to determine how AutoML libraries perform in the scenario of an inexperienced user who wants to implement a recommender system. We compared the predictive performance of 60 AutoML, AutoRecSys, ML, and RecSys algorithms from 15 libraries, including a mean predictor baseline, on 14 explicit feedback RecSys datasets. To simulate the perspective of an inexperienced user, the algorithms were evaluated with default hyperparameters. We found that AutoML and AutoRecSys libraries performed best. AutoML libraries performed best for six of the 14 datasets (43%), but it was not always the same AutoML library performing best. The single-best library was the AutoRecSys library Auto-Surprise, which performed best on five datasets (36%). On three datasets (21%), AutoML libraries performed poorly, and RecSys libraries with default parameters performed best. Although, while obtaining 50% of all placements in the top five per dataset, RecSys algorithms fall behind AutoML on average. ML algorithms generally performed the worst

Інформаційні технології у сфері освіти - нові можливості, нові завдання

AbstractIn Limulus photoreceptors, light induces a depolarization. The gating mechanism of the cation channels involved is not understood but evidence exists that cyclic nucleotides may act as ligands. Using an antiserum against a cGMP-protein conjugate, we found strong immunoreactivity localized to the light-sensitive rhabdoms of lateral eye photoreceptors. In homogenated tissue, the cGMP concentration was on average 0.2 pmol/mg retinal tissue protein both in light- and dark-adapted eyes. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors caused a 2–3-fold increase in the cGMP level. Despite our failure to detect a light dependence of the cGMP concentration, these results support the proposed role of cGMP in Limulus phototransduction

The analysis of randomised controlled trial data with more than one follow-up measurement. A comparison between different approaches.

When more than one follow-up measurement is analysed in a randomized controlled trial, there is no consensus how to analyse the overall intervention effect in a proper way. Mostly, longitudinal analysis of covariance is used, because with this method a correction is made for possible regression to the mean. However, in this paper it is shown that this method (mostly) leads to an overestimation of the intervention effect. A possible solution is the use of autoregression, although this does not seem to be the best solution, because it leads to an overcorrection. Due to these flaws, in this paper a new approach is introduced in which a correction for the baseline value is made for the first follow-up, but no correction is made for the remaining follow-up measurements

Challenging parenting behavior from infancy to toddlerhood: Etiology, measurement, and differences between fathers and mothers

Based on evidence that fathers show more challenging and physical play than mothers, it has been theorized that fathers have a different parenting role, more focused at stimulating exploration and taking chances. Challenging parenting behavior (CPB) may foster confidence and buffer against anxiety development in children. In this study, CPB was assessed in fathers and mothers at child ages of 4 months, 1 year, and 2.5 years, using newly developed questionnaires and observational tasks. Reliability of the questionnaire and observational measures was good, and fathers' and mothers' self-rated CPB showed a similar factor structure. Modest and significant convergence between questionnaires and observations provided support for validity of CPB, whereas negative correlations with overprotection supported divergent validity. CPB correlated positively with warmth. We further found moderate to high stability of CPB from early infancy to toddlerhood, and interparental correspondence in CPB. Fathers and mothers did not differ in observed CPB, but fathers rated themselves higher than mothers in toddlerhood. It is concluded that the development of the instruments to assess CPB was successful. Overall, the results reveal similarities rather than differences between fathers' and mothers' CPB in early childhood. The potential relevance of CPB in child development and psychopathology is discussed

Forget Amsterdam and Berlin:Start your business in the Ems-Dollart-region

Big report of the Startup EDR Project. See how the project promoted interregional collaboration and development for startups within the Ems-Dollart region

Forget Amsterdam and Berlin:Start your business in the Ems-Dollart-region

Big report of the Startup EDR Project. See how the project promoted interregional collaboration and development for startups within the Ems-Dollart region

Fathers’ challenging parenting behavior predicts less subsequent anxiety symptoms in early childhood

Recent theories propose that (especially fathers’) challenging parenting behavior (CPB) serves to reduce offspring's anxiety development, and that fearful children are more susceptible to parenting. Using a longitudinal design we explored whether more CPB (and less overprotection) of both parents, (1) separately, (2) relatively, and (3) jointly predicts less anxiety in early childhood, and (4) whether child fearful temperament moderates these relations. Participants were 132 couples with their first-born child. Child fearful temperament was observed at 4 months and 1 year, and parents’ CPB and overprotection at 1 and 2.5 years. Child anxiety symptoms were assessed at 2.5 and 4.5 years. Multilevel analyses showed that more CPB and, unexpectedly, more overprotection predicted less child anxiety. Relatively, fathers’ CPB and mothers’ overprotection predicted less anxiety. An interaction showed that if one parent shows low CPB, the other parent's higher CPB predicts less child anxiety. A trend interaction suggested that fathers’ CPB predicts less anxiety most strongly for fearful children. Thus, fathers’ CPB appears to play a protective role in anxiety development, possibly in particular for children most vulnerable to develop anxiety problems. Parents can compensate for a less challenging partner. The finding that maternal overprotection mitigates child anxiety requires further investigation