Analysis and reporting of adverse drug reactions at a tertiary care teaching hospital

Objectives: To analyze and report adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This was an observational study, conducted to analyze and communicate the ADRs reported from July 2016 to June 2017 in a south Indian tertiary care teaching hospital. On daily basis, ADRs reported by healthcare professionals (HCPs) were analyzed and the reports that meet pharmacovigilance programme of India (PvPI) reporting criteria were communicated to PvPI through a specified updated Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) suspected ADR reporting form. In this study, ADRs were summarised based on demographics, drug, incidence, type of reaction and its outcome. Causality, severity, seriousness, and predictability were assessed through WHO causality assessment scale, Hartwig and Siegel Severity Assessment Scale and PvPI criteria.Results: A total of 254 ADRs communicated to PvPI through specified, updated IPC suspected ADR reporting form. The incidence of ADRs in both males and females was identical. The occurrence of ADRs in adult patients (71.26%) was significantly higher than other age groups. Of total ADRs, most of them were withAntibiotics (24.01%) followed by antipsychotics (11.42%). In causality assessment, a majority of ADRs (48.82%) were considered possibly related to the drug or treatment and 55.12% were mild in severity. Overall, 36.22% patients were recovered from ADRs. Most of the reported ADRs (54.33%) were probably preventable.Conclusions: The results provided an insight to the HCPs on the importance of monitoring and reporting of ADRs. High-quality data gathered through a reporting system, most of the reported ADRs were probably preventable; the proper review of patient history and monitoring by HCPs can reduce the incidence of ADR. Our study results emphasize a need for establishing a pharmacovigilance centre to ensure the safe use of drugs.Keywords: Adverse drug reaction, Pharmacovigilance, Reporting, Causalit

QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED STUDY ON THE ASSESSMENT OF DOCTOR OF PHARMACY INTERNS’ KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES REGARDING THE PHARMACOVIGILANCE

Objectives: The present study was contemplated and done to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) toward adverse drug reactions (ADR) reporting and Pharmacovigilance (PV) of the Doctor of Pharmacy Pharm.D interns for the first time in South India, to get an insight into their awareness and reporting culture. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive KAP questionnaire-based study was conducted for 6 months on Pharm.D interns. Results: A total of 603 Pharm.D interns were participated, among them 578 (95.85%) were considered for the analysis. On an average of 78.25% of the participants had a good knowledge, around 82% were aware that patients’ will be benefited from the ADR reporting. The majority of the participants had a positive attitude. Moreover, 59% had reported the ADRs through different ADR reporting procedures 52% were advised the awareness programs for improving the reporting culture, and 34% had the difficulty in deciding or diagnosing the ADR. Conclusion: The KAP of the Pharm.D interns toward the ADR reporting and PV is appreciable and may reduce the burden on the other healthcare workers and improve patient care

Aspergillus niger for biological control of rhizoctonia solani on coffee seedlings

Aspergillus niger van Tiegh isolated from the rhizosphere of coffee seedlings was found to be antagonistic to the collar rot pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, in vitro and hyperparasitised R. solani completely in dual culture. The mode of hyphal interaction and parasitism of R. solani by A. niger indicated the direct growth of the mycoparasite towards its host and as a consequence the host hypha became vacuolated, collapsed and finally disintegrated. Seed treatment with A. niger spores increased germination. Under glasshouse and field conditions using natural inoculum of R. solani and under artificially infested soils, seed treatment with A. niger reduced the incidence of collar rot disease. A soil incorporation of inoculum was superior to the seed treatment. The possibility of using A. niger as a biocontrol agent against collar rot of coffee is discussed. © 1984 Taylor and Francis Ltd

Cytological effects of fungicide topsin in Allium cepa

Materials and methods Topsin [1, 2 bis (3-methoxycarbonyl-2-thiouride) benzene] developed by Nip pon Soda Company Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, a systemic fungicide widely used in the agricultural field has been screened for its mutagenic and carcinogenic potential in the present study. Actively growing young roots of Allium cepa were treated with 100, 300, 500 and 1000, ug/ml of Topsin (70% WP) for 6, 24 and 48 hrs and recovery experiments were also carried out. Controls were maintained in all the cases. The treated as well as control roots were excised and fixed in aceticalcohol, after 24 hrs were transferred to 70% alcohol. The root tips were squashed in 0.5% haema toxylin. In each case 3000 cells were examined to record the data on mitotic indices and aberrant mitosis

IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL SSCM ACTIVITIES THROUGH CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS

As a developing country, economic and environmental performance has to be balanced in India. Green supply chain management (GSCM) is emerging as an important proactive approach for Indian enterprises for improving environmental performance of processes and products in accordance with the requirements of environmental regulations. This study examines the consistency approaches by confirmatory factor analysis that determines the construct validity, convergent validity,construct reliability and internal consistency of the items of Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) requirements. This study examines the consistency approaches by Confirmatory factor analysis that determines the adoption and implementation of Sustainable supply chain management activities in small & medium scale industries. The requirements include Management commitment, customer coordination, sustainable design & production, green procurement and eco logistics for sustainable supply chains. This study suggested that the five factor model with eighteen items of the sustainable supply chain design had a good fit. Further, the study showed a valid and reliable measurement to identify critical items among the requirements of sustainable supply chains