A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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No association of IFNG+874T/A SNP and NOS2A-954G/C SNP variants with nitric oxide radical serum levels or susceptibility to tuberculosis in a Brazilian population subset

Submitted by Repositório Arca ([email protected]) on 2019-04-24T17:15:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-09-27T14:41:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 ve_Leandro_Ana_etal_INI_2013.pdf: 613537 bytes, checksum: 2da9ad57c3a06a3e5d8a98f3a6e52fba (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-27T14:41:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ve_Leandro_Ana_etal_INI_2013.pdf: 613537 bytes, checksum: 2da9ad57c3a06a3e5d8a98f3a6e52fba (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética em Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Texas Biomedical Research Institute. Department of Genetics and Southwest National Primate Research Center. San Antonio, TX, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética em Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética em Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Texas Biomedical Research Institute. Department of Genetics and Southwest National Primate Research Center. San Antonio, TX, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética em Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética em Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection leads to pulmonary active disease in approximately 5–10% of exposed individuals. Both bacteria- and host-related characteristics influence latent infection and disease. Host genetic predisposition to develop TB may involve multiple genes and their polymorphisms. It was reported previously that interferon gamma (IFN-) and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) are expressed on alveolar macrophages from TB patients and are responsible for bacilli control; thus, we aimed this study at genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms IFNG+874T/A SNP and NOS2A-954G/C SNP to estimate their role on TB susceptibility and determine whether these polymorphisms influence serum nitrite and NO− production. This case-control study enrolled 172 TB patients and 179 Thealthy controls. Neither polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to TB. NOS2A-954G/C SNP was not associated with serum levels of nitrite and NO−. These results indicate that variants of IFNG+874T/A SNP and NOS2A-954G/C SNP do not influence TB susceptibility or the secretion of nitric oxide radicals in the study population

Management of HIV-associated tuberculosis in resource-limited settings: a state-of-the-art review.

The HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) epidemic remains a huge challenge to public health in resource-limited settings. Reducing the nearly 0.5 million deaths that result each year has been identified as a key priority. Major progress has been made over the past 10 years in defining appropriate strategies and policy guidelines for early diagnosis and effective case management. Ascertainment of cases has been improved through a twofold strategy of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling in TB patients and intensified TB case finding among those living with HIV. Outcomes of rifampicin-based TB treatment are greatly enhanced by concurrent co-trimoxazole prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART reduces mortality across a spectrum of CD4 counts and randomized controlled trials have defined the optimum time to start ART. Good outcomes can be achieved when combining TB treatment with first-line ART, but use with second-line ART remains challenging due to pharmacokinetic drug interactions and cotoxicity. We review the frequency and spectrum of adverse drug reactions and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) resulting from combined treatment, and highlight the challenges of managing HIV-associated drug-resistant TB

Current use and acceptability of novel diagnostic tests for active tuberculosis: A worldwide survey

OBJECTIVE: To determine the current use and potential acceptance (by tuberculosis experts worldwide) of novel rapid tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosis that are in line with World Health Organization target product profiles. METHODS: A multilingual survey was disseminated online between July and November of 2016. RESULTS: A total of 723 individuals from 114 countries responded to the survey. Smear microscopy was the most commonly used rapid tuberculosis test (available to 90.9% of the respondents), followed by molecular assays (available to 70.7%). Only a small proportion of the respondents in middle- and low-income countries had access to interferon-gamma-release assays. Serological and lateral flow immunoassays were used by more than a quarter (25.4%) of the respondents. Among the respondents who had access to molecular tests, 46.7% were using the Xpert assay overall, that proportion being higher in lower middle-income countries (55.6%) and low-income countries (76.6%). The data also suggest that there was some alignment of pricing for molecular assays. Respondents stated they would accept novel rapid tuberculosis tests if available, including molecular assays (acceptable to 86.0%) or biomarker-based serological assays (acceptable to 81.7%). Simple biomarker-based assays were more commonly deemed acceptable in middle- and low-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Second-generation molecular assays have become more widely available in high- and low-resource settings. However, the development of novel rapid tuberculosis tests continues to be considered important by tuberculosis experts. Our data also underscore the need for additional training and education of end users