Staphylococcus spp. in the milk of dairy cows treated for mastitis with a homeopathic formulation

This study focused on determining the relationship between staphylococci and the somatic cell count (SCC) and milk production of cows with subclinical mastitis treated and not treated with a homeopathic formulation, and on monitoring these microorganisms monthly for one year

Influence of lactation stages and rain periods on subclinical mastitis in meat producing ewes.

Mastitis negatively influences the survival and weight gain of ovines for meat production. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in sheep for meat production, the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in ewes at the end of lactation and beginning of the consecutive lactation and to assess the composition and cellular characteristics of milk as a function of different rainfall indices. Mammary halves (821) of Santa Ines (479) and Morada Nova (342) ewes were examined. Milk samples were collected in two different moments of lactation: at weaning and postpartum of the consecutive lactation. Sample collection periods were called ?dry? or ?rainy? according to the rainfall index in the month immediately before the month of collection. The occurrence of subclinical mastitis at weaning in the Santa Ines and Morada Nova ewes were 16.4 and 12.6% in the dry period, and 17.7 and 23.5% in the rainy period, respectively. In the consecutive lactation period, the occurrences were 26.7 and 27.7% in the dry period and 41.8 and 39.1% in the rainy period, for the Santa Ines and Morada Nova ewes, respectively. Postpartum stage was critical for the occurrence of subclinical mastitis, as compared to that at the end of the previous lactation. Occurrence of the disease negatively influenced the SCC in the milk at the beginning of lactation and changed its composition, mainly in the rainiest periods, probably due to a difficulty in maintaining hygiene in the environment where the animals remained

Aproveitamento do efluente de curtumeira na produção de mudas de Eucalyptus urograndis.

O beneficiamento do couro bovino gera resíduos que podem ser reutilizados em alguns manejos agrícolas como nas correções de solo e na adubação, ao invés de serem descartados em aterros sanitários, viabilizando uma destinação ambientalmente adequada. Entretanto, na sua composição podem apresentar elementos químicos que, em elevada concentração pode inviabilizar o seu reuso. O trabalho visa a avaliar os efeitos provocados pela salinidade presente no efluente de curtumeira, por meio da aplicação do resíduo no desenvolvimento de mudas de Eucalyptus urograndis clone I144. As mudas com 30 dias foram transplantadas para vasos contendo 5 kg de mistura (efluente de curtumeira (LC) + solo) nas respectivas composições: D1 (100% de solo); D2 (0,1% LC + 99,99% solo); D3 (1% LC + 99% solo); D4 (5% LC + 95% solo); D5 (10% solo + 90% solo); e D6 (25% LC + 75% solo). O experimento foi distribuído em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, totalizando 30 unidades experimentais. Foram avaliados o comprimento de raiz e parte aérea das plantas, diâmetro do coleto e número de folhas. A dose D5 inibiu o desenvolvimento das mudas, reduzindo o crescimento e apresentando sintomas de fitotoxidade e a dose D6 ocasionou a morte das mudas. O efluente de curtumeira incorporado na dose D4 promoveu aumento no crescimento de raiz e parte aérea, diâmetro de coleto e número de folhas das mudas de eucalipto, sendo recomendada como biofertilizante no plantio de mudas de eucalipto

Emission of greenhouse gases from soils under pastures submitted to diferent grazing managements and nitrogen fertilization rates, and intercropping with macrotyloma.

In Brazil, agriculture contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases, but has great power to sequester carbon (C) in the soil. The objective of this research was to quantify the C stock in the soil due to land use change (LUC) from forest (Atlantic Forest biome) to Urochloa brizantha pasture, obtaining LUC factors; as well as determining C sequestration rates resultant of the adoption of better pasture management practices. The soil C stocks with the change of land use from forest to pasture was investigated in two locations, one with Dystrophic Red Oxisol and Dystrophic Red Argisol, and the other with Dark Red Oxisol, in the cities of Nova Odessa and Pirassununga, both in the State of São Paulo. Soil C stocks were obtained from soil sampling in pits with an auger, in different layers, down to 100 cm deep. The LUC factor was calculated from the ratio between the C stock in the forest soil and the C stock in the soil under pasture, for each location and soil type. The intensification of pasture management was studied in Pirassununga, resultant ofnitrogen fertilization and deferred or rotated grazing, while in Nova Odessa nitrogen fertilization and intercropping between U. brizantha and Macrotyloma axillare were tested. Soil sampling to obtain initial C stocks and after two years of implementing the new management was carried out in a similar way to that mentioned for LUC, but only considering the soil downto 30 cm deep. The factors for LUC varied between 0.76 and 0.98, demonstrating that inadequate management can affect the C stock in the soil in relation to the forest (standard IPCC value of 1), but that these factors increased when an appropriate management was applied, varying between 1.04 and 1.18, when compared to the IPCC factor standard value of 1.17. Furthermore, management practices resulted in C sequestration rates ranging between 1.2 and 4.4 t C ha-1 year-1, relatively high values that demonstrate the high potential of soils under pasture for C sequestration

Endurance performance is influenced by perceptions of pain and temperature: Theory, applications and safety considerations.

Models of endurance performance now recognise input from the brain, including an athlete’s ability to cope with various non-pleasurable perceptions during exercise, such as pain and temperature. Exercise training can reduce perceptions of both pain and temperature over time, partly explaining why athletes generally have a higher pain tolerance, despite a similar pain threshold, compared with active controls. Several strategies with varying efficacy may ameliorate the perceptions of pain (e.g. acetaminophen, transcranial direct current stimulation and transcutaneous electrical stimulation) and temperature (e.g. menthol beverages, topical menthol products and other cooling strategies, especially those targeting the head) during exercise to improve athletic performance. This review describes both the theory and practical applications of these interventions in the endurance sport setting, as well as the potentially harmful health consequences of their use

Maintenance of Staphylococcus spp. producing biofilms in a herd treated by homeopathy.

Staphylococci present pathogenicity factors, such as the production of biofilms, and the possibility of these bacteria remaining in the mammary gland of cows treated with homeopathy is questioned, even after the use of these alternative therapies.14-16 may 2019

Fator de emissão de N2O em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha L. adubada com nitrato de amônio.

Resumo: Considerando que a intensificação do manejo das pastagens é o caminho para o desenvolvimento da atividade pecuária no Brasil e que essa atividade se baseia em práticas de fertilização, principalmente nitrogenada, torna-se importante conhecer os impactos dessa prática nas emissões de óxido nitroso (N2O). Diante disto, o objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar a emissão de N2O proveniente de pastagens de Urochloa brizantha L. adubada com nitrato de amônio. O experimento foi conduzido de novembro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020, no Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa-SP. A pastagem é formada com Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu e o sistema de pastejo é com lotação variável, em função da disponibilidade de forragem. Para o monitoramento dos fluxos de N2O, foram instaladas doze câmaras do tipo estática em meio hectare. As coletas foram executadas em um período de 89 dias, iniciando-se 19 dias antes da fertilização nitrogenada. A coleta das amostras foi feita em intervalos regulares de tempo (0, 20 e 40 minutos) a partir do fechamento das câmeras, na sequência, as análises foram realizadas por cromatografia gasosa. Os valores médios dos fluxos diários foram obtidos com seus respectivos desvios e depois os valores acumulados, discriminando-se aquele proveniente da adubação, para cálculo do fator de emissão de N2O. Conclui-se a partir dos resultados obtidos, que a emissão de N2O, derivada de 60 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio a partir de fertilizante nitrogenado na forma de nitrato de amônio aplicado em Urochloa brizantha L., está abaixo (0,33%) do valor recomendado pelo IPCC (1%). -- Abstrcat: Considering that the intensification of pastures is the path for the development of livestock activity in Brazil and that this activity is based on fertilization practices, mainly nitrogen, it is important to know the impacts of this practice on N2O emissions. Given the context presented, the objective of the study was to evaluate the emission of N2O from pastures of Urochloa brizantha L. fertilized with ammonium nitrate. The experiment was carried out from November 2019 to February 2020, at the Zootechnics Institute of Nova Odessa-SP. The pasture is formed with Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and the grazing system vary in capacity, depending on forage availability. For the monitoring of N2O flows, twelve municipal chambers of the static type were installed in half a hectare. The collections were carried out in a period of 89 days, starting 19 days before fertilization with nitrogen. The samples were collected at regular intervals of time (0, 20 and 40 minutes) after the cameras were closed. Then, the analyzes were performed by gas chromatography. The average values of the daily flows with their respective deviations were obtained and then the accumulated values, discriminating that of fertilization, to calculate the N2O emission factor. It is concluded, by the results obtained, that the emission of N2O, derived from 60 kg ha-1 of nitrogen from the nitrogen fertilizer in the form of ammonium nitrate applied in Urochloa brizantha L., is below (0.33%) of the recommended value per the IPCC (1%)

Influence of lactation stages and rain periods on subclinical mastitis in meat producing ewes.

Mastitis negatively influences the survival and weight gain of ovines for meat production. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in sheep for meat production, the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in ewes at the end of lactation and beginning of the consecutive lactation and to assess the composition and cellular characteristics of milk as a function of different rainfall indices. Mammary halves (821) of Santa Ines (479) and Morada Nova (342) ewes were examined. Milk samples were collected in two different moments of lactation: at weaning and postpartum of the consecutive lactation. Sample collection periods were called ?dry? or ?rainy? according to the rainfall index in the month immediately before the month of collection. The occurrence of subclinical mastitis at weaning in the Santa Ines and Morada Nova ewes were 16.4 and 12.6% in the dry period, and 17.7 and 23.5% in the rainy period, respectively. In the consecutive lactation period, the occurrences were 26.7 and 27.7% in the dry period and 41.8 and 39.1% in the rainy period, for the Santa Ines and Morada Nova ewes, respectively. Postpartum stage was critical for the occurrence of subclinical mastitis, as compared to that at the end of the previous lactation. Occurrence of the disease negatively influenced the SCC in the milk at the beginning of lactation and changed its composition, mainly in the rainiest periods, probably due to a difficulty in maintaining hygiene in the environment where the animals remained.Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-04T00:36:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ZAFALON01.pdf: 273124 bytes, checksum: 153f527ba772817e196cc99016634a57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016bitstream/item/149259/1/ZAFALON01.pd