Fracionamento de proteína e carboidratos segundo CNCPS de cinco forrageiras irrigadas ou não durante a seca.

Objetivou-se fracionar os carboidratos e proteínas forrageiras submetidas ou não a irrigação. Foram avaliadas: Panicum maximum, Urochloa brizantha, Andropogon gayanus, Urochloa humidicola e Digitaria umfolozi, submetidas a dois níveis de irrigação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em esquema fatorial 5x2, com 4 repetições. As forrageiras foram plantadas em parcelas com 4 m², foram realizados dois cortes com intervalo de 45 dias. As forrageiras foram avaliadas quanto aos teores de proteína bruta (PB) e proteína bruta digestível (PBd), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), hemicelulose, fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), celulose e lignina. O fracionamento da PB e CHO foi feito segundo o CNCPS. Observou-se interação significativa para PB e PBd (P0,05). O U. brizantha apresentou maior teor dos componentes da parede celular e das frações dos CT. Observou-se que a irrigação aumentou o percentual de CT das forrageiras, não houve efeito da irrigação (P>0,05) nas frações dos CT.The objective was to fractionate carbohydrates and subjected feed proteins or no irrigation. Were evaluated: Panicum maximum, Urochloa brizantha, Andropogon gayanus, Urochloa humidicola and Digitaria Umfolozi, subject to two levels of irrigation. The experimental design was a 5x2 factorial arrangement with four replications. The forages were planted in plots with 4 m², two cuts were performed with an interval of 45 days. The forages were evaluated for crude protein (CP) and digestible crude protein (DCP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose, acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose and lignin. Fractionation of CP and CHO was done according to the CNCPS. There was a significant interaction for CP and DCP (P0.05). The U. brizantha presented the highest content of cell wall components and fractions of CT. It was observed that the irrigation increased the percentage of CT fodder, no effect of irrigation (P>0.05) in fractions of CT.El objetivo era fraccionar los carbohidratos y las proteínas forrajeras sometidas o no al riego. Se evaluaron: Panicum maximum, Urochloa brizantha, Andropogon gayanus, Urochloa humidicola y Digitaria umfolozi, sometidos a dos niveles de riego. El diseño experimental utilizado fue en un esquema factorial 5x2, con 4 repeticiones. Los forrajes se plantaron en parcelas de 4 m², se hicieron dos cortes con un intervalo de 45 días. Se evaluaron los forrajes para la proteína cruda (PC) y la proteína cruda digerible (PCd), fibra detergente neutra (FDN), hemicelulosa, fibra detergente ácida (FDA), celulosa y lignina. El fraccionamiento de PC y CHO se realizó de acuerdo con el CNCPS. Se observó interacción significativa para PC y PCd (P 0.05). La U. brizantha mostró un mayor contenido de componentes de la pared celular y fracciones de CT. Se observó que el riego aumentó el porcentaje de CT de forrajes, no hubo efecto del riego (P> 0.05) en las fracciones de CT

Focus on the management of thunderclap headache: from nosography to treatment

Thunderclap headache (TCH) is an excruciating headache characterized by a very sudden onset. Recognition and accurate diagnosis of TCH are important in order to rule out the various, serious underlying brain disorders that, in a high percentage of cases, are the real cause of the headache. Primary TCH, which may recur intermittently and generally has a spontaneous, benign evolution, can thus be diagnosed only when all other potential underlying causes have been excluded through accurate diagnostic work up. In this review, we focus on the management of TCH, paying particular attention to the diagnostic work up and treatment of the condition

Second asymptomatic carotid surgery trial (ACST-2): a randomised comparison of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy

Background: Among asymptomatic patients with severe carotid artery stenosis but no recent stroke or transient cerebral ischaemia, either carotid artery stenting (CAS) or carotid endarterectomy (CEA) can restore patency and reduce long-term stroke risks. However, from recent national registry data, each option causes about 1% procedural risk of disabling stroke or death. Comparison of their long-term protective effects requires large-scale randomised evidence. Methods: ACST-2 is an international multicentre randomised trial of CAS versus CEA among asymptomatic patients with severe stenosis thought to require intervention, interpreted with all other relevant trials. Patients were eligible if they had severe unilateral or bilateral carotid artery stenosis and both doctor and patient agreed that a carotid procedure should be undertaken, but they were substantially uncertain which one to choose. Patients were randomly allocated to CAS or CEA and followed up at 1 month and then annually, for a mean 5 years. Procedural events were those within 30 days of the intervention. Intention-to-treat analyses are provided. Analyses including procedural hazards use tabular methods. Analyses and meta-analyses of non-procedural strokes use Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN21144362. Findings: Between Jan 15, 2008, and Dec 31, 2020, 3625 patients in 130 centres were randomly allocated, 1811 to CAS and 1814 to CEA, with good compliance, good medical therapy and a mean 5 years of follow-up. Overall, 1% had disabling stroke or death procedurally (15 allocated to CAS and 18 to CEA) and 2% had non-disabling procedural stroke (48 allocated to CAS and 29 to CEA). Kaplan-Meier estimates of 5-year non-procedural stroke were 2·5% in each group for fatal or disabling stroke, and 5·3% with CAS versus 4·5% with CEA for any stroke (rate ratio [RR] 1·16, 95% CI 0·86–1·57; p=0·33). Combining RRs for any non-procedural stroke in all CAS versus CEA trials, the RR was similar in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (overall RR 1·11, 95% CI 0·91–1·32; p=0·21). Interpretation: Serious complications are similarly uncommon after competent CAS and CEA, and the long-term effects of these two carotid artery procedures on fatal or disabling stroke are comparable. Funding: UK Medical Research Council and Health Technology Assessment Programme

Mossbauer study and structural characterization of UO2-Gd2O3 sintered compounds

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Samples of UO2 and up to 10 wt% of Gd2O3 were prepared by solid-state reaction under a reducing atmosphere, in a thermal path comprising ramps and dwell times in the temperature range of 900-1750 degrees C. The sintered material was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Gd-155 Mossbauer spectroscopy. The results showed that for samples annealed up to 900 degrees C, the gadolinium sesquioxide remained unreacted. However, when the temperature was increased to 1300 degrees C, a solid-state reaction took place forming mixed oxides. For the more severe sintering condition, at 1750 degrees C, gadolinia left urania partially unreacted producing a material consisting of two compositions, UO2 (with no dissolved gadolinium) and (U,Gd)O-2. The proposed heating cycle provided pellets free from Gd2O3 phase and may be used by the nuclear fuel industry as a suitable sintering process. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.37812529Brazilian agenciesConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundacao Araucaria,Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)National Laboratory of Synchrotron Light (LNLS)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Mössbauer Study And Structural Characterization Of Uo2-gd2o3 Sintered Compounds

Samples of UO2 and up to 10 wt% of Gd2O3 were prepared by solid-state reaction under a reducing atmosphere, in a thermal path comprising ramps and dwell times in the temperature range of 900-1750 °C. The sintered material was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and 155Gd Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results showed that for samples annealed up to 900 °C, the gadolinium sesquioxide remained unreacted. However, when the temperature was increased to 1300 °C, a solid-state reaction took place forming mixed oxides. For the more severe sintering condition, at 1750 °C, gadolinia left urania partially unreacted producing a material consisting of two compositions, UO2 (with no dissolved gadolinium) and (U, Gd)O2. The proposed heating cycle provided pellets free from Gd2O3 phase and may be used by the nuclear fuel industry as a suitable sintering process. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.37812529Assmann, H., Robin, J.P., (1983) Guidebook on Quality Control of Mixed Oxides and Gadolinium Bearing Fuels for Light Water Reactors, , IAEA-TECDOC-584, IAEA, Vienna p. 51Markl, H., Holzer, R., (1987) Kerntechnik, 50, p. 241T. Wada, K. Noro, K. Tsukui, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Fuel Performance, London, UK, 1973Manzel, R., Dörr, W.O., (1980) Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 59, p. 601Riella, H.G., Durazzo, M., Hirata, M., Nogueira, R.A., (1991) J. Nucl. Mater., 178, p. 204Yuda, R., Une, K., (1991) J. Nucl. Mater., 178, p. 195Miyake, C., Kanamaru, M., Imoto, S., (1986) J. Nucl. Mater., 138, p. 142TECDOC-844, International Atomic Energy Agency, Characteristics and Use of Urania-Gadolinia Fuels, ISSN 1011-4289, Vienna, Austria, 1995Gündüz, G., Uslu, I., Önal, I.I., Durmazuçar, H.H., Öztürk, T., Aksit, A.A., Kopuz, B., Uzmen, R., (1995) Nucl. Technol., 11, p. 63Song, K.W., Kim, K.S., Kang, K.W., Jung, Y.H., (2003) J. Nucl. Mater., 317, p. 204Hirai, M., (1990) J. Nucl. Mater., 173, p. 247Hälldahl, L., Eriksson, S., (1988) J. Nucl. Mater., 153, p. 66Leyva, A.G., Vega, D., Trimarco, V., Marchi, D.J., (2002) J. Nucl. Mater., 303, p. 29T.A. Restivo, A.E. Cláudio, E.E. Silva, L. Pagano Jr., in: TECDOC-1416, International Atomic Energy Agency, 'Advanced Fuel Pellet Materials and Designs for Water Cooled Reactors', ISSN 1011-4289, Vienna, Austria, 2004, p. 147T.A. Restivo, L. Pagano Jr., in: Proceedings of the Conference on Characterization and Quality Control of Nuclear Fuels, ISBN 81-7764-608-7, Allied Publishers, New Delhi, India, 2004, p. 139Czjzek, G., (1993) Mössbauer Spectroscopy Applied to Magnetism and Materials Science, , Long G.J., and Grandjean F. (Eds), Plenum, New York (Chapter 9)Cullity, B.D., (1967) Elements of X-ray Diffraction, , Addison-WesleyCashion, J.D., Prowse, D.B., Vas, A., (1973) J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys., 6, p. 2611Ohmichi, T., Fukushima, S., Maeda, A., Watanabe, H., (1981) J. Nucl. Mater., 102, p. 4

On the search for potential anti-Trypanosoma cruzi drugs: Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-hydroxy-3-methylamino and 1,2,3-triazolic naphthoquinoidal compounds obtained by click chemistry reactions

Five 2-hydroxy-3-substituted-aminomethyl naphthoquinones, nine 1,2,3-triazolic para-naphthoquinones, five nor-beta-lapachone-based 1,2,3-triazoles, and several other naphthoquinonoid compounds were synthesized and evaluated against the infective bloodstream form of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, continuing our screening program for new trypanocidal compounds. Among all the substances, 16-18, 23, 25-29 and 30-33 were herein described for the first time and fifteen substances were identified as more potent than the standard drug benznidazole, with IC50/24 h values in the range of 10.9-101.5 mu M. Compounds 14 and 19 with Selectivity Index of 18.9 and 6.1 are important structures for further studies. (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.CNPqCNPqFAPEMIGFAPEMIG [APQ-04166-10]FAPESPFAPESP [2009/14184-0, 2009/51812-0]PRONEMFACEPEPRONEM-FACEPE [APQ-232106/10]PRONEX-FAPERJ [E-26/110.574/2010]PRONEX, FAPERJCNE-FAPERJ [Proc. 101.579/2010]CNEFAPERJINCT_ifINCT_ifCAPESCAPE

A Randomized, Naturalistic, Parallel-Group Study for the Long-Term Treatment of Panic Disorder With Clonazepam or Paroxetine

This long-term extension of an 8-week randomized, naturalistic study in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia compared the efficacy and safety of clonazepam (n = 47) and paroxetine (n = 37) over a 3-year total treatment duration. Target doses for all patients were 2 mg/d clonazepam and 40 mg/d paroxetine (both taken at bedtime). This study reports data from the long-term period (34 months), following the initial 8-week treatment phase. Thus, total treatment duration was 36 months. Patients with a good primary outcome during acute treatment continued monotherapy with clonazepam or paroxetine, but patients with partial primary treatment success were switched to the combination therapy. At initiation of the long-term study, the mean doses of clonazepam and paroxetine were 1.9 (SD, 0.30) and 38.4 (SD, 3.74) mg/d, respectively. These doses were maintained until month 36 (clonazepam 1.9 [ SD, 0.29] mg/d and paroxetine 38.2 [SD, 3.87] mg/d). Long-term treatment with clonazepam led to a small but significantly better Clinical Global Impression (CGI)-Improvement rating than treatment with paroxetine (mean difference: CGI-Severity scale -3.48 vs -3.24, respectively, P = 0.02; CGI-Improvement scale 1.06 vs 1.11, respectively, P = 0.04). Both treatments similarly reduced the number of panic attacks and severity of anxiety. Patients treated with clonazepam had significantly fewer adverse events than those treated with paroxetine (28.9% vs 70.6%, P < 0.001). The efficacy of clonazepam and paroxetine for the treatment of panic disorder was maintained over the long-term course. There was a significant advantage with clonazepam over paroxetine with respect to the frequency and nature of adverse events.Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM)National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCTTM

A Randomized, Naturalistic, Parallel-Group Study for the Long-Term Treatment of Panic Disorder With Clonazepam or Paroxetine

This long-term extension of an 8-week randomized, naturalistic study in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia compared the efficacy and safety of clonazepam (n = 47) and paroxetine (n = 37) over a 3-year total treatment duration. Target doses for all patients were 2 mg/d clonazepam and 40 mg/d paroxetine (both taken at bedtime). This study reports data from the long-term period (34 months), following the initial 8-week treatment phase. Thus, total treatment duration was 36 months. Patients with a good primary outcome during acute treatment continued monotherapy with clonazepam or paroxetine, but patients with partial primary treatment success were switched to the combination therapy. At initiation of the long-term study, the mean doses of clonazepam and paroxetine were 1.9 (SD, 0.30) and 38.4 (SD, 3.74) mg/d, respectively. These doses were maintained until month 36 (clonazepam 1.9 [ SD, 0.29] mg/d and paroxetine 38.2 [SD, 3.87] mg/d). Long-term treatment with clonazepam led to a small but significantly better Clinical Global Impression (CGI)-Improvement rating than treatment with paroxetine (mean difference: CGI-Severity scale -3.48 vs -3.24, respectively, P = 0.02; CGI-Improvement scale 1.06 vs 1.11, respectively, P = 0.04). Both treatments similarly reduced the number of panic attacks and severity of anxiety. Patients treated with clonazepam had significantly fewer adverse events than those treated with paroxetine (28.9% vs 70.6%, P < 0.001). The efficacy of clonazepam and paroxetine for the treatment of panic disorder was maintained over the long-term course. There was a significant advantage with clonazepam over paroxetine with respect to the frequency and nature of adverse events.Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM)National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCTTM