Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av The Leyton Obsessional Inventory Child Version (LOI-CV)

Leyton Obsessional Inventory for Children (LOI-CV) er et spørreskjema for å kartlegge symptomer på tvangslidelse (OCD) hos barn og ungdom. Spørreskjemaet inneholder 20 testledd. Barnet eller ungdommen skal først angi om symptomet er til stede eller ikke tilstede. Dersom symptomet er tilstede skal de vurdere alvorlighetsgraden på en skala fra 1 til 3. Spørreskjemaet er utarbeidet av Carol Zaremba Berg og hennes kolleger, og det ble først publisert i 1988. Originalversjonen har vist god indre konsistens for alle barn og god test-retest stabilitet for aldersgruppen 11-16 år. Eldre studier viste god kriterievaliditet men nye studier har vist dårligere kriterievaliditet som kan indikere svak diagnostisk nøyaktighet. Den norske versjonen er oversatt av Knut Gundersen, Lars T. Jørgensen og Luke Moynahan. Den kan fritt benyttes av bokens eier men det er ikke spesifisert kompetansekrav til de som skal anvende testen. Det finnes en dansk studie hvor LOI-CV er brukt, og som rapporter skårer på LOI-CV hos 1032 barn og unge i alderen 11-17 år valgt ut fra en normalbefolkning. Det foreligger ingen dokumentasjon av måleegenskapene hverken ved den norske, danske eller svenske versjonen av testen. Vårt litteratursøk viste at det ikke foreligger noen dokumentasjon av måleegenskapene ved den norske versjonen. Vi anbefaler brukere av den norske versjonen å være svært forsiktige i bruk og tolkning av LOI-CV.Som alle artikler i PsykTestBarn, kan denne fagfellevurderte artikkelen lastes ned, skrives ut og distribueres fritt for alle slags formål på følgende vilkår: korrekt referanse skal oppgis (se under), ingen kommersiell bruk, og ingen bearbeidelse av tekst eller innhold

Synthesis and Analysis of Chlorinated Paraffins as Reference Standards

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are synthetic chemicals that persist in nature over time and lead to adverse effects towards humans and the environment. Due to their concerning properties, such as persistency, toxicity and bioaccumulation potential, these chemicals must be monitored and restricted to avoid cumulative concentrations in the environment. Consequently, during the Stockholm Convention of 2004, a treaty was signed to reduce or ban the production of POPs. Amongst the currently listed chemicals are a multitude of chlorinated pesticides and insecticides, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, C10-13), polychlorinated biphenyls and perfluorooctanoic acid. After receiving heavy restriction on their production and export, SCCPs were substituted with medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs, C14-17) and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs, C≥18). Higher concentrations of MCCPs and LCCPs were subsequently observed in the environment. In order to enforce the Stockholm Convention, effective methods for monitoring the environmental concentrations of SCCPs are required. Furthermore, monitoring of MCCPs and LCCPs is highly desirable, given their candidate-status for classification as POPs. Analysis of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) is inhibited by both the enormous number of components present in the mixtures and the lack of suitable reference standards. Through the four publications described herein, we sought to expand the methodology available for the production and analysis of constitutionally defined CPs. Moreover, we sought to synthesise reference standards that were more suitable for CP analysis than those already available. In publications I and II, we described the synthesis of constitutionally defined CP standards, including both non-isotopically enriched reference materials and 13C-labelled internal standards. During publication III we investigated the stereochemistry of the isomer mixture obtained after dichlorination of alkenes. Finally, publication IV encompassed one novel method to calculate the chlorine percentage of both complex and single-chain mixtures, as well as two further methods for calculating the chlorine percentage of single-chain mixtures, inspired by a pre-existing model.Fulltext not availabl

The Conscious Collective. An exploration of Orwell’s Representations of Individualism within Authoritarian Societies

This master’s thesis examines the prolific author George Orwell’s representation of the struggles associated with individualism within authoritarian regimes. By drawing on Hannah Arendt’s Responsibility and Judgement, a discussion of the Eichmann trials, and the responsibilities of the German people, this thesis establishes a theoretical framework. This framework is used to discuss the responsibilities of the individual when they find themselves in politically compromised situations and to discuss whether the individual or the collective is tasked with opposing authoritarian regimes. This exploration is conducted through separate analyses of the two chosen novels, Burmese Days and Nineteen Eighty-Four, highlighting the different ways the two novels discuss the responsibilities and opportunities of the individual to rebel. Following this, the thesis conducts a comparative analysis of the two novels and their similarities to attempt to shine a light on Orwell’s political commitment. This thesis concludes that considering the similarities between the two narratives, it is plausible to argue that Orwell remained critical of both individualism and collectivism. Seeing the potential issues with both individualism and collectivism, Orwell calls for a specific kind of collective to oppose authoritarian regimes. However, this collective must uphold particular criteria. The most central aspect of this collective is that it needs to retain consciousness by having the members be free-thinking individuals

Morphological characterization of antennal-lobe projection neurons in the olfactory pathway of heliothine moths

The olfactory sensory system is a phylogenetically old system highly important for both the survival and reproduction in most animals. Its organization and function shows striking similarities across phyla, making it possible to study its general underlying properties through the use of different species. The moth has proven to be a particularly suitable model organism for studying this system, as it has an exceptionally well-developed sense of smell, and a relatively moderate brain complexity. In this thesis, the part of the central olfactory pathway forming connections between the primary brain center and higher processing centers has been studied through the use of the heliothine moths Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa armigera. Second-order olfactory projection neurons have been labeled through a dual electrophoretic staining technique, where one approach targeted the dendrites of projection neurons in the antennal-lobe, and one targeted the projection neuron somata confined within the lateral cell cluster of the antennal-lobe. In addition to complementing previous reports on morphological characteristics typifying antennal-lobe projection neurons confined within three primary antennal-lobe tracts, the present study contributes new findings previously not described in heliothine moths

The Lattice Boltzmann Simulation on Multi-GPU Systems

The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is widely used to simulate different types of flow, such as water, oil and gas in porous reservoirs. In the oil industry it is commonly used to estimate petrophysical properties of porous rocks, such as the permeability. To achieve the required accuracy it is necessary to use big simulation models requiring large amounts of memory. The method is highly data intensive making it suitable for offloading to the GPU. However, the limited amount of memory available on modern GPUs severely limits the size of the dataset possible to simulate.In this thesis, we increase the size of the datasets possible to simulate using techniques to lower the memory requirement while retaining numerical precision. These techniques improve the size possible to simulate on a single GPU by about 20 times for datasets with 15% porosity.We then develop multi-GPU simulations for different hardware configurations using OpenCL and MPI to investigate how LBM scales when simulating large datasets.The performance of the implementations are measured using three porous rock datasets provided by Numerical Rocks AS. By connecting two Tesla S2070s to a single host we are able to achieve a speedup of 1.95, compared to using a single GPU. For large datasets we are able to completely hide the host to host communication in a cluster configuration, showing that LBM scales well and is suitable for simulation on a cluster with GPUs. The correctness of the implementations is confirmed against an analytically known flow, and three datasets with known permeability also provided by Numerical Rocks AS

Predicting Eliteserien using Regression Models

I denne avhandlingen forsøker vi å forutsi Eliteserien ved hjelp av flere lineære regresjonsmodeller og generaliserte lineære modeller. Vi starter med å finne to lett forståelige modeller som kan brukes av en vanlig fotballsupporter. Deretter bruker vi Poisson-regresjon for å finne en modell som gir best mulig prediksjonsevne. Til slutt predikerer vi sluttresultatet for Eliteserien 2023. Oversatt av ChatGPT 3.5 Vi tar ikke ansvar for eventuelle grammatikkfeil som kan forekomme.In this thesis, we attempt to predict Eliteserien using multiple linear regression and generalized linear models. We begin by finding two easily interpretable models that can be understood and used by a normal football supporter. Next, we use Poisson regression to find a model that predicts as well as possible. In the end, we predict the final table for Eliteserien 2023

Leader’s Personal Need for Structure and the Subordinate’s Perceived Autonomy in a Digital Transformation Process: The Moderating Roles of Leader’s Trust in Subordinates and Digital Self-Efficacy

Masteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Leadership and Change - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2020Digital transformations challenge traditional leadership models, and new leadership practices are required to manage digital change successfully. The goal of this study was to research the relationship between leader characteristics and employee outcomes in these processes. Since employee autonomy is seen as an essential factor for digital transformations, our study investigated the impact of leaders’ personal need for structure (PNS) on subordinates’ perceived autonomy in a digital transformation process. The leaders’ trust in subordinates and the leaders’ digital self-efficacy (DSE) were examined as possible moderators. In order to get a deeper understanding of leaders’ intention-behavior relationship, the Reasoned Action Approach was utilized as a theoretical framework. A multilevel modeling approach, that combined data of leaders and their subordinates, was used in this study. The results showed that a leader’s PNS was negatively related to employees’ perceived autonomy. Further, we found that the negative relationship between a leader’s PNS and employee autonomy was moderated by a leader’s DSE. Leaders’ trust in subordinates was not found to be a significant moderator. However, an unpredicted finding revealed a direct effect of leaders’ trust in subordinates on employee autonomy. Our study offers important theoretical as well as practical implications. Based on our findings, organizations are advised to reevaluate their leadership development programs and provide leaders with appropriate training in order to help them to lead a digital transformation successfully. We conclude with recommendations for future research

Family Ownership and Cash Holdings : Empirical Evidence from Norway

Masteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Finance - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2016This master thesis examines the level of cash holdings in Norwegian private firms in the period 2004 to 2014. We compare family firms to non-family firms and explore whether there are differences in their cash holding policies. Furthermore, we test whether inside versus outside management in family firms has an impact on cash holdings. Lastly, we look at the influence of founders in contrast to non-founders in family managed firms on cash holdings. We find that family firms hold significantly less cash than non-family firms. Moreover, we find that inside CEOs hold less cash than outside CEOs in family firms. Lastly, we find that founders hold slightly more cash than non-founders in family managed firms. Our findings contradict previous research. However, our research is based on private as opposed to public firms and might offer some new insight

Nutrition literacy hos unge idrettsutøvere

Bakgrunn: Unge idrettsutøvere blir trolig hver eneste dag utsatt for ulike typer kostholdsinformasjon fra forskjellige aktører. Nutrition literacy (NL) omhandler evner til og ferdigheter i å forstå, innhente, anvende og kritisk vurdere av informasjon om kosthold. NL har innholdsdimensjonene funksjonell- (FNL), interaktiv- (INL) og kritisk nutrition literacy (KNL). Siden et optimalt kosthold er viktig for at unge idrettsutøvere skal kunne prestere godt – og for en normal vekst og utvikling for øvrig – ville det være interessant å forsøke å kartlegge NL hos denne målgruppen. Metode: Utvalget (n = 410) bestod av var idrettsutøvere født i 1997 som var aktive innen langrenn, skiskyting, orientering og friidrett. Disse skulle besvare et nyutviklet spørreskjema hovedsakelig bestående av: (1) Demografiske spørsmål, (2) En kunnskapstest om henholdsvis generell ernæring og idrettsernæring, (3) spørsmål om hvilke kilder deltakerne hyppigst benyttet seg av for innhenting av kostholdsinformasjon, og (4) holdningsutsagn for måling av de tre dimensjonene av NL. Resultater: Gjennomsnittsscore på kunnskapstesten om generell ernæring (KT1) var 42 ± 6 (totalt 56 spørsmål), og om idrettsernæring (KT2): 14 ± 3 (totalt 21 spørsmål). Totalscore på kunnskapstesten (KTtot) var 56 ± 7 (totalt 77 spørsmål). Faktor- og reliabilitetsanalyse ga i alt fire holdningskonstrukter: FNL, INLAKTIV, INLKFØP (to faktorer) og KNL. Utøverne hadde signifikant høyere score på INLKFØP enn på både FNL, INLAKTIV og KNL. Signifikante forskjeller i gjennomsnittsscore var det også henholdsvis mellom KNL og FNL, KNL og INLAKTIV og INLAKTIV og FNL, hvor det førstnevnte konstruktet hadde høyere score enn det andre. De mest anvendte informasjonskildene for innhenting av kostholdsinformasjon var trenere og/eller støtteapparat, familie og andre utøvere i idrettsmiljøet. 27 % av utøverne innhenter kostholdsinformasjon fra 1-3 ganger i måneden. Konklusjon: Resultatene viste at idrettsutøverne oppnådde nokså høye score på den selvlagete kunnskapstesten om generell ernæring, men ikke fullt så høye score på testen om idrettsernæring. Gjennomsnittscorene på konstruktene indikerer at idrettsutøverne trolig har tilfredsstillende KNL, mens noe lavere FNL og INLAKTIV. Imidlertid er har utøverne en tilfredsstillende INLKFØP. Konstruktet INLKFØP reflekterer idrettsspesifikke forhold, noe som kan indikere at utøverne har bedre INL i idrettslige kontekster enn ellersMaster i samfunnsernærin