7 research outputs found

    Estudio clínico-epidemiológico de leptospirosis en humanos y reservorios en Yucatán, México

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    A leptospirosis clinical-epidemiological study was made in humans and reservoirs in the state of Yucatán, México. Interviews and serological analyses were made on 400 persons from an open population, 439 probable cases of leptospirosis and 1060 animal reservoirs (cows, pigs, dogs, rats and opossums). IgM Leptospira DipstickTM and Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) was used to detect human antibodies to leptospiras and serovar respectively. Leptospirosis incidence in humans was 2.2/100,000 inhab. in 1998, 0.7/100,000 in 1999 and 0.9/100,000 in 2000. Overall seroprevalence was 14.2%, relatively unchanged from seroprevalences observed 20 years ago. Highest seropositivity was found in people over 56 years of age, predominating males over females. Predominant serovars in the open population were tarassovi, hardjo, pomona and panama. Leptospirosis cases were most frequent in rural areas, and the anicteric course predominated over the icteric. The panama, icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona serovars predominated in both anicteric and icteric courses. Dogs, pigs and rodents had the highest seropositivity among the reservoirs. Contact with rodents and natural water sources were significant factors (p ;£; 0.05). Human cases (74%) occurred during the rainy season. It is concluded that leptospirosis is still a serious illness with important clinical and epidemiological implications in the state of Yucatán, Mexico.Un estudio clínico-epidemiológico de leptospirosis fue realizado en humanos y reservorios en el estado de Yucatán, México. Se entrevistaron y analizaron mediante serología 400 personas en población abierta, 439 pacientes sospechosos y 1060 reservorios (bovinos, cerdos, perros, roedores y zarigüeyas). En humanos para la detección de anticuerpos se utilizó IgM Dipstick LeptospiraTM y la prueba de aglutinación microscópica (MAT) para detectar serovar. La incidencia en humanos fue de 2.2/100,000, 0.7/100,000 y 0.9/100,000 habitantes para los años 1998, 1999 y 2000 respectivamente y la seroprevalencia de 14.2%. La frecuencia más alta de seropositivos se encontró en mayores de 56 años, predominando el sexo masculino sobre el femenino. Predominó en población abierta el serovar tarassovi siguiendo en importancia hardjo, pomona y panamá. Los casos fueron más frecuentes en el área rural y el curso anictérico predominó sobre el ictérico. Panamá, icterohaemorrhagiae y pomona predominaron en ambos cursos de la enfermedad. Los perros cerdos y roedores tuvieron mayor positividad. El contacto con roedores y depósitos naturales de agua fue significativo (p ;£; 0.05). El 74.3% de los casos se presentaron en época de lluvia. En conclusión la leptospirosis en Yucatán, México, sigue siendo una entidad patológica de importancia tanto clínica como epidemiológica

    Estimación de la sensibilidad y especifi cidad de tres pruebas diagnósticas para la detección de Toxoplasma gondii en mujeres con aborto espontáneo en dos localidades de Yucatán, México, utilizando un modelo bayesiano

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    Introduction. The presence of cysts of T. gondii in edible meat, represent a potential risk for humans, if the meat is consumed raw or undercooked. Accurate and reliable diagnostic tests are essential for detecting, surveillance and control of intermediate hosts to minimize the risks of human infections. Objective. To evaluate the sensitivity and the specifi city of three diagnostic tests to detect the presence of Toxoplama gondii in women with spontaneous abortion in two localities of Yucatan, Mexico, using Bayesian procedures. Materials and Methods. The tests were evaluated using Bayesian analysis which allow the estimation of the Sensitivity (Se) and Specifi city (Sp) in absence of a gold standard. Two scenarios were compared: 1) Using a priori uniform distributions, and 2) Using a priori beta distributions of the parameters. Results. The Se and the Sp using a priori uniform distributions for the ELISA test to detect IgG were 0.915 and 0.568; and for IgM ELISA yielded 0.670 and 0.948 levels. PCR test results were 0.747 and 0.981 respectively. The results using a priori beta distribution of the parameters were 0.952 and 0.806 for IgG, 0.856 and 0.986 for IgM, and 0.712 and 0.995 for PCR, respectively. Conclusion. The results showed that no single test results were suffi cient to diagnose T. gondii infections in women with spontaneous abortions. Further, the inclusion of beta parameters in the a priori beta distribution of the model also improved the estimates of Se and Sp of the tests.Introducción. La ocurrencia de quistes de T. gondii en la carne comestible representa un riesgo potencial para el humano, si la carne es consumida cruda o semi-cocida. La existencia de pruebas diagnósticas exactas y confiables es esencial para la detección, la vigilancia y el control de infecciones en huéspedes intermediarios y para minimizar el riesgo de infección en humanos. Objetivo. Evaluar la sensibilidad y la especifi cidad de tres pruebas diagnósticas para detectar la presencia de Toxoplama gondii en mujeres con aborto espontáneo en dos localidades de Yucatán, México, utilizando procedimientos Bayesianos. Materiales y Métodos. Las pruebas se evaluaron utilizando análisis Bayesianos que permiten la estimación de la sensibilidad (Se) y la especifi cidad (Sp) en ausencia de una prueba de oro. Se compararon dos escenarios: 1) considerando distribuciones uniformes a priori y 2) distribuciones beta a priori de los parámetros. Resultados. La sensibilidad y la especifi cidad, considerando distribuciones uniformes a priori, de la prueba ELISA para detectar IgG fueron 0.915 y 0.568; para ELISA IgM fueron 0.670 y 0.948 y para PCR fueron 0.747 y 0.981. Los resultados, considerando distribuciones beta a priori de los parámetros, fueron 0.952 y 0.806 para IgG, 0.856 y 0.986 para IgM, y 0.712 y 0.995 para PCR, respectivamente. Conclusión. Los resultados demuestran que ninguna prueba por sí sola es sufi ciente para el diagnóstico de T. gondii en mujeres con aborto espontáneo. Asimismo, la inclusión de distribuciones beta a priori en el modelo mejoró los estimados de Se y Sp de las pruebas

    Isolation of Salmonella enterica and serologic reactivity to Leptospira interrogans in opossums (Didelphis virginiana) from Yucatán, México Aislamiento de Salmonella enterica y reactividad serológica a Leptospira interrogans en tlacuaches (Didelphis virginiana) de Yucatán, México

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    The presence of Salmonella enterica and serologic evidence of infection by Leptospira interrogans, were detected in the opossum Didelphis virginiana in a semi-urban locality of the Yucatán State, México. Ninety-one opossums were captured during the period April 1996 and May 1998. From a total of 17 feces samples, four Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes (Sandiego, Newport, Anatum, and Minnesota), and one Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae serovar O44:Z4,Z23:- were isolated. Some opossums presented mixed infections. From 81 sera samples, four (4.9%) were positive to antibodies to Leptospira serovars pomona and wolfii. Both animals infected with Salmonella enterica and those serologically positive to Leptospira interrogans were captured in peridomestic habitat. Opossums infected with Salmonella enterica, were captured in dry season, and those seropositive to Leptospira interrogans during the rainy season. The implications of infection and reactivity of these zoonotic pathogens in D. virginiana in the Yucatan state are briefly discussed.<br>La presencia de Salmonella enterica y evidencia serológica de infección por Leptospira interrogans fueron detectadas en tlacuaches de la especie Didelphis virginiana capturados en una localidad semi-urbana del estado de Yucatán, México. Se capturaron 91 marsupiales durante el período de abril de 1996 a mayo de 1998. De un total de 17 muestras de heces, se aislaron cuatro serotipos de Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (Sandiego, Newport, Anatum y Minnesota) y una Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae serovar O44:Z4,Z23:-. En algunos tlacuaches se registraron infecciones mixtas. De 81 muestras de suero, cuatro (4,9%) presentaron reacciones positivas con los serovares pomona y wolffi, ambos pertenecientes al género Leptospira. Los tlacuaches con serología positiva fueron capturados en el hábitat peridomiciliar. Los animales infectados con Salmonella enterica fueron capturados en los períodos de seca y aquellos que presentaron serología positiva para Leptospira interrogans en los meses lluviosos. Las implicaciones de estos hallazgos en el mantenimiento y transmisión de estos dos agentes zoonóticos en el estado de Yucatán, son brevemente discutidos

    Hemorrhagic pulmonary leptospirosis: three cases from the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico Leptospirose hemorrágica pulmonar: três casos na península de Yucatán, México

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    Three leptospirosis cases with lung involvement are reported from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. All three patients were admitted to the intensive care unit due to acute respiratory failure. Treatment with antibiotics resulted in favorable evolution despite the negative prognosis. Leptospirosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with fever and lung involvement.Analisamos três casos de leptospirose com envolvimento pulmonar na Península Yucatán, México. Os três pacientes com seqüelas pulmonares entraram na unidade de cuidados intensivos devido à insuficiência respiratória grave. Todos os casos evoluíram favoravelmente ao tratamento com antibióticos, apesar do prognóstico negativo. Leptospirose deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes com febre e comprometimento pulmonar

    Serological survey of Leptospira interrogans, Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi in free roaming domestic dogs and cats from a marginated rural area of Yucatan Mexico

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    To evaluate the serological status for Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira interrogans antibodies in free roaming dogs and cats from a marginated rural community in Yucatan Mexico, 100 households were visited and animals sampled. From the 106 samples, 93 were from dogs and 13 were from cats. Frequency of positive results for T. gondii, T. cruzi and Leptospira spp was 97.8%, 9.7% and 45.2% for dogs and 92.3%, 0.0% and 15.2% for cats, respectively. No associations with age, sex and body condition was found for T. gondii and Leptospira spp neither for the place where pets sleep, fumigation or presence of triatomes in the household in the case of T. cruzi. For leptospirosis the most common serovars found were Canicola, Autralis and Bratislava in dogs and cats with titres of 100 or 200 with exception of one dog with a titre of 400. The high frequency of seropositive dogs suggests a high circulation of the agents in the population of free roaming owned dogs and cats probably due to the lack of control of the reservoirs and vectors involved. Domestic animals in those rural communities can be sentinels to assess the risk of human exposure in the rural communities
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