161 research outputs found
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ
Background: It seems relevant to study the contribution of socio-demographic, somatic and obstetric-gynecological factors in the implementation of preterm birth.
Aims: Assessment of the prognostic significance of socio-demographic, obstetric-gynecological and somatic factors in the prediction of preterm birth and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes with subsequent validation of the prognostic model.
Materials and methods: Cohort study with a mixed cohort. A retrospective assessment of socio-demographic factors, harmful habits, obstetric and gynecological pathology, somatic diseases, course and outcomes of pregnancy was carried out with the assessment of the status of newborns in 1246 women with subsequent construction of a predictive model of preterm birth and adverse outcomes of pregnancy using Regression with Optimal Scaling and its prospective validation in 100 women. Results: The most significant predictors, that increase the chance of preterm birth and adverse pregnancy outcomes, were history of premature birth, irregular monitoring during pregnancy, history of pelvic inflammatory disease, smoking, obesity, the onset of sexual activity up to 16 years, cardiovascular and endocrine diseases. Intellectual job reduced the chance of preterm birth and adverse pregnancy outcomes This multivariate predictive model has a diagnostic value. The score of risk factors 25 points had a sensitivity of 73%, a specificity of 71%, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.76 (good quality), p0.001. After stratification of high-risk groups by maternal and perinatal pathology the following list of diagnostic and therapeutic measures is introduced and actively implemented in antenatal clinics. To stratificate this model, we prospectively analyze the course and pregnancy outcomes of 100 women divided into 2 groups: group 1 β 50 women with preterm delivery, group 2 β 50 women with term delivery. A total score of 25 and above had 44% of women in group 1 and only 10% of women in group 2 (sensitivity 81.4%, specificity 61.6%, positive predictive value 44%, negative predictive value 90%, positive likelihood ratio 2.2 [1.53.0], negative likelihood ratio 0.3 [0.130.68]).
Conclusions: We have proposed a model for predicting preterm birth and delivery and perinatal losses using the available characteristics of pregnant women from early pregnancy with moderate indicators of diagnostic value. Further validation of the model in the general population of pregnant women is required.ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎ-Π³ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎ-Π³ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π³ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ 1246 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ 100 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·Π΅, Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π² Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·Π΅, ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 16 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅, Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ 25 ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ 73%, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ 71%, ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ROC-ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ (AUC) 0,76 (ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅), Ρ0,001. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ. Π‘ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ 100 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½, ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° 2 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎ 50 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ 1 ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π±Π°Π»Π» 25 ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ 44% ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½, Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ 2 β ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ 10% ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ (ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ 81,4%, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ 61,6%, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ 44%, ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ 90%, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ 2,2 [1,53,0], ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ 0,3 [0,130,68]).
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π’ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½
Magnetic fields in the early universe in the string approach to MHD
There is a reformulation of magnetohydrodynamics in which the fundamental
dynamical quantities are the positions and velocities of the lines of magnetic
flux in the plasma, which turn out to obey equations of motion very much like
ideal strings. We use this approach to study the evolution of a primordial
magnetic field generated during the radiation-dominated era in the early
Universe. Causality dictates that the field lines form a tangled random
network, and the string-like equations of motion, plus the assumption of
perfect reconnection, inevitably lead to a self-similar solution for the
magnetic field power spectrum. We present the predicted form of the power
spectrum, and discuss insights gained from the string approximation, in
particular the implications for the existence or not of an inverse cascade.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure
Correlation of Beam Electron and LED Signal Losses under Irradiation and Long-term Recovery of Lead Tungstate Crystals
Radiation damage in lead tungstate crystals reduces their transparency. The
calibration that relates the amount of light detected in such crystals to
incident energy of photons or electrons is of paramount importance to
maintaining the energy resolution the detection system. We report on tests of
lead tungstate crystals, read out by photomultiplier tubes, exposed to
irradiation by monoenergetic electron or pion beams. The beam electrons
themselves were used to measure the scintillation light output, and a blue
light emitting diode (LED) was used to track variations of crystals
transparency. We report on the correlation of the LED measurement with
radiation damage by the beams and also show that it can accurately monitor the
crystals recovery from such damage.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, LaTeX2
Comparison of Radiation Damage in Lead Tungstate Crystals under Pion and Gamma Irradiation
Studies of the radiation hardness of lead tungstate crystals produced by the
Bogoroditsk Techno-Chemical Plant in Russia and the Shanghai Institute of
Ceramics in China have been carried out at IHEP, Protvino. The crystals were
irradiated by a 40-GeV pion beam. After full recovery, the same crystals were
irradiated using a -ray source. The dose rate profiles along
the crystal length were observed to be quite similar. We compare the effects of
the two types of radiation on the crystals light output.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, Latex 2e, 28.04.04 - minor grammatical change
Design and performance of LED calibration system prototype for the lead tungstate crystal calorimeter
A highly stable monitoring system based on blue and red light emitting diodes
coupled to a distribution network comprised of optical fibers has been
developed for an electromagnetic calorimeter that uses lead tungstate crystals
readout with photomultiplier tubes. We report of the system prototype design
and on the results of laboratory tests. Stability better than 0.1% (r.m.s.) has
been achieved during one week of prototype operation.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, LaTeX2
Study of Radiation Damage in Lead Tungstate Crystals Using Intense High Energy Beams
We report on the effects of radiation on the light output of lead tungstate
crystals. The crystals were irradiated by pure, intense high energy electron
and hadron beams as well as by a mixture of hadrons, neutrons and gammas. The
crystals were manufactured in Bogoroditsk, Apatity (both Russia), and Shanghai
(China). These studies were carried out at the 70-GeV proton accelerator in
Protvino
Distribution of deuterons in the three-body break-up reaction in D + D collisions
The energy distributions of deuterons from the reaction D + D β p + n +d were measured in the angular range of 15Β° β€ ΞΈc.m. β€ 35Β° at ED = 36.9 MeV . The experiment was carried out on the cyclotron U-240 of INR NAS of Ukraine. Microscopic diffraction model was used for analysis of experimental data taking into account the interaction of nucleons in the final state. Two types of three-body reactions were considered: 1) break-up of the target nucleus with formation of scattered deuterons d' and 2) break-up incident deuteron with formation of recoil deuterons dΒ―. Experimental energy distributions of deuterons are described satisfactorily both by shape and by absolute value, taking into account total contribution of cross sections of deuterons d' and dΒ―.ΠΠΈΠΌiΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½i ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄iΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½iΠ² iΠ· ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡiΡ D+D β p+n+d Ρ Π΄iΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½i ΠΊΡΡiΠ² 15Β° β€ ΞΈc.m. β€ 35Β° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³iΡ ED = 36.9 ΠΠ΅Π. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ½i Π£-240 IΠ―Π ΠΠΠ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»iΠ· Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΌiΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏiΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡiΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π»Ρ Π· ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄iΡ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½iΠ² Ρ ΠΊiΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½i. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡiΠΉ: 1) ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° ΠΌiΡΠ΅Π½i Π· ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡiΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° d' ΡΠ° 2) ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π»iΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π· ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π²iΠ΄Π΄Π°Ρi dΒ―. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½i Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½i ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄iΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½iΠ² Π·Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²iΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ i ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌi, i ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½i Π· ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡiΠ·iΠ² Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½iΠ² d' ΡΠ° dΒ― .ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ D + D β p + n + d Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ² 15Β° β€ ΞΈc.m. β€ 35Β° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ED = 36.9 ΠΡΠ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π£-240 ΠΠ―Π ΠΠΠ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ: 1) ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π» ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° d' ΠΈ 2) ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π» Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ dΒ―. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² d' ΠΈ dΒ―
Birkhoff type decompositions and the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff recursion
We describe a unification of several apparently unrelated factorizations
arisen from quantum field theory, vertex operator algebras, combinatorics and
numerical methods in differential equations. The unification is given by a
Birkhoff type decomposition that was obtained from the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff
formula in our study of the Hopf algebra approach of Connes and Kreimer to
renormalization in perturbative quantum field theory. There we showed that the
Birkhoff decomposition of Connes and Kreimer can be obtained from a certain
Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff recursion formula in the presence of a Rota-Baxter
operator. We will explain how the same decomposition generalizes the
factorization of formal exponentials and uniformization for Lie algebras that
arose in vertex operator algebra and conformal field theory, and the even-odd
decomposition of combinatorial Hopf algebra characters as well as to the Lie
algebra polar decomposition as used in the context of the approximation of
matrix exponentials in ordinary differential equations.Comment: accepted for publication in Comm. in Math. Phy
Excitation of medium nuclei in the continuum region in inelastic scattering of deuterons
Experiments on elastic and inelastic scattering of deuterons by ΒΉΒ²C, β΄βΈTi, β΅βΈ;βΆβ΄Ni nuclei at laboratory energy of 37 MeV for angles ranging from 16Β° to 61Β° were carried out on the U-240 isochronous cyclotron of the Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Science of Ukraine. A broad maximum comprising the giant resonance in the spectrum of scattered deuterons for scattering angles less than 21Β° is observed at the nucleus excitation energies ranging from 12 to 30 MeV. The observed maximum was theoretically described in diffraction approximation after summing the cross-section over all final nucleus states.ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ Π· ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΒΉΒ²C, β΄βΈTi, β΅βΈ;βΆβ΄Ni ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ 37 ΠΠ΅Π Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄ 16Β° Π΄ΠΎ 61Β° Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π£-240 ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΠΠ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ 21Β° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡΡ
Π·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ 12 Π΄ΠΎ 30 ΠΠ΅Π, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π³ΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΡ. Π¨ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ·Ρ Π·Π° Π²ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ.ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΒΉΒ²C, β΄βΈTi, β΅βΈ;βΆβ΄Ni ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ 37 ΠΡΠ Π½Π° ΡΠ³Π»Ρ ΠΎΡ 16Β° Π΄ΠΎ 61Β° Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π£-240 ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΠ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ. Π ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ 21Β° Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡ 12 Π΄ΠΎ 30 ΠΡΠ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ°. Π¨ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΌ
Elastic deuteron-triton scattering AT 37MeV
Results of measurement of differential cross section of elastic scattering of deuterons by tritons at the laboratory
energy of 37 MeV for the center-of-mass angles ΞΈc.m. ranging from 25Β°
to 150Β°
are presented. The experiment is
carried out on the U-240 isochronous cyclotron of the Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Science
of Ukraine. Obtained experimental data is analyzed theoretically in the framework of microscopic nuclear diffraction
model. Angular distributions of deuterons in a region of the main maximum (ΞΈc.m. β€ 60Β°
) are described quite
well at deuteron energies of 14.4, 37.0 and 39.9 MeV . An explanation of a broad secondary maximum emerging
at low deuteron energies is proposed using the phenomenological quasiclassical approximation. The quasiclassical
approximation allows to describe the angular distributions only qualitatively at large angles 60Β° < ΞΈc.m. < 150Β°,
where the cross sections are quite small.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΌiΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡiΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡiΠ·iΠ² ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡiΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½iΠ² Π·
Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³iΡΡ Ed = 37, 0 ΠΠ΅Π Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Ρ Π΄iΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½i ΠΊΡΡiΠ² ΡΠΎΠ·ΡiΡΠ½Π½Ρ 25Β° β€ ΞΈc.m. β€ 150Β°
. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° iΠ·ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ½i Π£-240 IΠ―Π ΠΠΠ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»iΠ· ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ
ΠΌiΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏiΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡiΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»i. ΠΡΡΠΎΠ²i ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄iΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉ-
ΡΡΠΎΠ½iΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡi Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ (ΞΈc.m. β€ 60Β° ) Π·Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²iΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³iΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½iΠ² 14, 4;
37, 0 ΡΠ° 39, 9 ΠΠ΅Π. ΠΠ°Π²Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³iΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·iΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³iΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½iΠ². ΠΠ²Π°Π·iΠΊΠ»Π°-
ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊiΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²i ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄iΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠ°Ρ
60Β° β€ ΞΈc.m. β€ 150Β°,
Π΄Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡiΠ·ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»i.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ
ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Ed = 37 ΠΡΠ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ 25Β° β€ ΞΈc.m. β€ 150Β°
. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ
Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π£-240 ΠΠ―Π ΠΠΠ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎ-
Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ.
Π£Π³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ° (ΞΈc.m. β€ 60Β°) Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ
ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² 14, 4; 37, 0 ΡΠ° 39, 9 ΠΡΠ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ°
ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π°Ρ
60Β° β€ ΞΈc.m. β€ 150Β°, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ
- β¦