STUDY OF GAMMA ABSORPTION PROPERTIES OF WATER SOLUBLE SULPHATE COMPOUNDS AT DIFFERENT ENERGY LEVELS

Objective: Linear and Mass attenuation coefficients are two quantities used, their strategies of measurement had been evolved by many peoples for stable and aqueous solutions. we have tried to broaden an equation for direct dimension of linear attenuation coefficient of water soluble sulphates at one of a kind energys. This approach is useful in measuring the absorption coefficient of sulphate without obtaining them in pallet form. Materials and Methods: Water soluble sulphates were collected from study sites. Here we have given Ammonium sulphate((NH₄)₂SO₄), Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄), Copper (II) sulphate( CuSO₄ₓ), Zinc sulphate( ZnSo4) and water. Results: linear and mass attenuation coefficient of water soluble Sulphate for distinct concentrations and anticipated from them the attenuation coefficient for compound through the use of the aggregate rule developed via Teli (1998) hooked up the validity and utility of the solution technique. This approach is simple and avoids the need of training of pure crystalline compound for experiment there via saving time and expenditure. The version of awareness of answer is made easy by using adding water to solution without changing the compound quantity in it. Conclusion: This saves the compound amount and thus in addition economizes the experiment

Histochemical techniques in plant science: more than meets the eye

Histochemistry is an essential analytical tool interfacing extensively with plant science. The literature is indeed constellated with examples showing its use to decipher specific physiological and developmental processes, as well as to study plant cell structures. Plant cell structures are translucent unless they are stained. Histochemistry allows the identification and localization, at the cellular level, of biomolecules and organelles in different types of cells and tissues, based on the use of specific staining reactions and imaging. Histochemical techniques are also widely used for the in vivo localization of promoters in specific tissues, as well as to identify specific cell wall components such as lignin and polysaccharides. Histochemistry also enables the study of plant reactions to environmental constraints, e.g. the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be traced by applying histochemical staining techniques. The possibility of detecting ROS and localizing them at the cellular level is vital in establishing the mechanisms involved in the sensitivity and tolerance to different stress conditions in plants. This review comprehensively highlights the additional value of histochemistry as a complementary technique to high-throughput approaches for the study of the plant response to environmental constraints. Moreover, here we have provided an extensive survey of the available plant histochemical staining methods used for the localization of metals, minerals, secondary metabolites, cell wall components, and the detection of ROS production in plant cells. The use of recent technological advances like CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing for histological application is also addressed. This review also surveys the available literature data on histochemical techniques used to study the response of plants to abiotic stresses and to identify the effects at the tissue and cell levels.The authors would like to thank Head of the Department, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India, for providing the necessary facilities to carry out the work

Cast in situ Cu-TiC composites: Synthesis by SHS route and characterization.

The present investigation discusses observations pertaining to the synthesis of Cu-based composites containing TiC particles in the range of 45–50 volume % by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) process. A composite with 11–13 volume % TiC dispersion was also synthesized through remelting and dilution. The composites were observed to contain a copper matrix together with a Cu–Ti intermetallic compound, TiC dispersoid particles and partially reacted graphite. The regions showing partially reacted graphite (carbon) became less prominent in the diluted composites. Al addition led to the refinement of TiC particles, higher hardness, reduced density and improved degree of formation and better homogeneity of the distribution of TiC particles. Dilution caused reduced hardness, while the density followed a reverse trend