Effect of alendronate on endochondral ossification in mandibular condyles of growing rats

The replacement of the calcified cartilage by bone tissue during the endochondral ossification of the mandibular condyle is dependent of the resorbing activity of osteoclats. After partial resorption, calcified cartilage septa are covered by a primary bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts. Osteoadherin (OSAD) is a small proteoglycan present in bone matrix but absent in cartilage during the endochondral ossification. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of alendronate, a drug known to inhibit bone resorption by osteoclasts, on the endochondral ossification of the mandibular condyle of young rats, by evaluating the distribution of osteoclasts and the presence of OSAD in the bone matrix deposited. Wistar newborn rats (n=45) received daily injections of alendronate (n=27) or sterile saline solution as control (n=18) from the day of birth until the ages of 4, 14 and 30 days. At the days mentioned, the mandibular condyles were collected and processed for transmission electron microscopy analysis. Specimens were also submitted to tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemistry and ultrastructural immunodetection of OSAD. Alendronate treatment did not impede the recruitment and fusion of osteoclasts at the ossification zone during condyle growth, but they presented inactivated phenotype. The trabeculae at the ossification area consisted of cartilage matrix covered by a layer of primary bone matrix that was immunopositive to OSAD at all time points studied. Apparently, alendronate impeded the removal of calcified cartilage and maturation of bone trabeculae in the mandibular ramus, while in controls they occurred normally. These findings highlight for giving attention to the potential side-effects of bisphosphonates administered to young patients once it may represent a risk of disturbing maxillofacial development

Effects of ultramorphological changes on adhesion to lased dentin-scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis

Dentin irradiation with erbium lasers has been reported to alter the composite resin bond to this treated surface. There is still a lack of studies reporting the effect of erbium lasers on dentin organic content and elucidating how laser treatment could interfere in the quality of the resin-dentin interface. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of erbium laser irradiation on dentin morphology and microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of an adhesive to dentin. Seventy-two dentin disks were divided into nine groups (n = 8): G1-Control (600-grit SiC paper); Er:YAG groups: G2-250 mJ/4 Hz; G3-200 mJ/4 Hz; G4-180 mJ/10 Hz; G5-160 mJ/10 Hz; Er,Cr:YSGG groups: G6-2 W/20 Hz; G7-2.5 W/20 Hz; G8-3 W/20 Hz; G9-4 W/20 Hz. Specimens were processed for cross-sectional analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (n = 3), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (n = 2), and adhesive interface (n = 3). Forty-five dentin samples (n = 5) were restored and submitted to μTBS testing. ANOVA (α = 5%) revealed that G1 presented the highest μTBS values and irradiated groups did not differ from each other. TEM micrographs showed a superficial layer of denatured collagen fibrils. For SEM micrographs, it was possible to verify the laser effects extending to dentin subsurface presenting a rough aspect. Cross-sectional dentin micrographs of this hybridized surface revealed a pattern of modified tags with ringlike structures around it. This in vitro study showed that erbium laser irradiation interacts with the dental hard tissue resulting in a specific morphological pattern of dentin and collagen fibrils that negatively affected the bond strength to composite resin.74872072

Avaliação da interação biológica entre compósito de quitosana, colágeno e hidroxiapatita e tecido ósseo ovino

RESUMO As lesões em membros de grandes animais são um desafio para médicos veterinários, uma vez que somente a osteossíntese não garante resultados satisfatórios. Muitos pesquisadores vêm se dedicando ao desenvolvimento e estudo de substitutos ósseos produzidos de materiais naturais, como quitosana, colágeno e hidroxiapatita, que auxiliam na regeneração óssea. Seis ovinos fêmeas da raça Santa Inês foram submetidos a ostectomias unicorticais de sete milímetros de diâmetro na região proximal da superfície dorsomedial dos III/IV metacarpianos. Foi implantado compósito de quitosana, colágeno e hidroxiapatita em um membro torácico para avaliação da biocompatibilidade do material ao tecido ósseo ovino, e no membro contralateral foi reproduzida a mesma técnica, porém foi mantido sem preenchimento, como controle. Após 60 dias do procedimento cirúrgico, realizou-se biópsia óssea na área de interface entre biomaterial/osso (membro com compósito) e tecido neoformado/osso (membro controle), para realização de avaliação histológica do material não descalcificado, por meio de microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Na análise histomorfométrica, mediante microscopia de luz, foi possível identificar maior porcentagem de tecido neoformado em membro controle, quando comparado ao membro com compósito (80% e 63,5%, respectivamente; P<0,05). Por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, observou-se invasão da estrutura interna do compósito por tecido ósseo neoformado. Não houve formação de tecido cicatricial, reação de corpo estranho ou resposta inflamatória crônica nas amostras analisadas. Conclui-se que o compósito de quitosana, colágeno e hidroxiapatita, quando implantado em tecido ósseo ovino, apresenta biocompatibilidade e perfil osteocondutor

Protein-energy malnutrition alters histological and ultrastructural characteristics of the bone marrow and decreases haematopoiesis in adult mice

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) decreases resistance to infection by impairing a number of physiological processes, including haematopoiesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microanatomical aspects of bone marrow (BM) in mice that were subjected to PEM, in particular, with respect to the components of the local extracellular matrix and the proliferative activity of haematopoietic cells. For this, histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques were used. Two-month old male Swiss mice were fed with a low-protein diet containing 4% protein and control mice fed a 20% protein diet. When the experimental group had attained a 25% loss of their original body weight, we collected the different biological samples. Malnourished mice had presented severe BM atrophy as well as a reduction in proliferating cell nuclear antigen and gelatinous degeneration. The malnourished mice had more fibronectin accretion in paratrabecular and endosteal regions and more laminin deposition in perisinusal sites than controls. Endosteal cell activation and hyperplasia were found, suggesting their participation in the process. Additionally, we have observed a decrease in the capacity of malnourished haematopoietic stroma to support the growth of haematopoietic stem cells (CD34+) in vitro. These findings point to a structural impairment of the haematopoietic microenvironments in mice with PEM, possibly hampering the interactions between cells and cellular signalling

Combination of bioactive polymeric membranes and stem cells for periodontal regeneration: In vitro and in vivo analyses

10.1371/journal.pone.0152412PLoS ONE113e015241

The Distribution of CD56dimCD16+ and CD56brightCD16- Cells are Associated with Prolactin Levels during Pregnancy and Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Women

Problem The pregnancy and menstrual cycle (MC) are the main physiologic events linked to the human reproduction. An adequate neuroendocrine axis is mandatory for the homeostasis in both events. To analyze the distribution of NK, T, Treg cells, expression of their receptors and to associate with hormone levels in pregnant and MC in healthy women. Method of Study We studied two groups of healthy women: 13 pregnant women followed up at 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters and 11 women in the 5th and 21st day of the MC. The distribution of NK, T, Treg cells population, expression of their receptors and hormone levels were quantified. Results In pregnant women, we found an association of NK cells CD56dimCD16+ with prolactin levels. This finding was also was observed for CD56brigthCD16- being statistical significant during 1st trimester for both subpopulations. During MC, correlation of CD56dimCD16+, CD56brightCD16- cells with prolactin in follicular and luteal phase was found. Conclusion This is the first report where these cell subpopulations have been analyzed prospectively. Even we can argue the random effect for the small number of women is interesting that prolactin showed the more consistent correlation with CD56dimCD16+, CD56brigthCD16- cells during both events studied. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S