Pulse wave velocity and other indicators of arterial stiffness in hypertension comorbidity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The aim is to study pulse wave velocity (PWV) and other parameters of arterial stiffness in patients with comorbid arterial hypertension (AH) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials and methods. 32 patients with a combination of AH and COPD (group 1), 30 patients with isolated hypertension (group 2), 18 patients with isolated COPD (group 3), 30 healthy subjects (control group) were examined. Applanation tonometry and pulse wave contour analysis at the carotid-femoral segment were made by SphygmoCor (AtCor Medical). Results. Aortic systolic blood pressure in patients with the combination of hypertension and COPD was higher compared to the group of the patients with isolated hypertension by 9.83% (p=0.02), and the patients with COPD by 41.5% (p = 0.000042), respectively. Central pulse pressure in the first group was higher compared to the second group by 29.58% (p=0.00022), in the third group - by 53.4% (p=0.0029). The combination of hypertension and COPD (β=0.42, p=0.00019), age (β=0.39, p=0.0002) and the level of aortic pulse pressure (β=0.54, p=0.001) were marked as independent factors of PWV increasing according to the multiple regression analysis. Conclusion. In patients with a combination of hypertension and COPD the increase in PWV, systolic and pulse pressure in the ascending aorta was observed, compared to patients with isolated hypertension, isolated COPD and the control group during applanation tonometry

Fractography of Fatigue Fracture Surface in Silumin Subjected to Electron-Beam Processing

The surface modification of the eutectic silumin with high-intensity pulsed electron beam has been carried out. Multi-cycle fatigue tests were performed and irradiation mode made possible the increase in the silumin fatigue life more than 3.5 times was determined. Studies of the structure of the surface irradiation and surface fatigue fracture of silumin in the initial (unirradiated) state and after modification with intense pulsed electron beam were carried out by methods of scanning electron microscopy. It has been shown, that in mode of partial melting of the irradiation surface the modification process of silicon plates is accompanied by the formation of numerous large micropores along the boundary plate/matrix and microcracks located in the silicon plates. A multi-modal structure (grain size within 30-50 μm with silicon particles up to 10 [mu]m located on the boundaries) is formed in stable melting mode, as well as subgrain structure in the form of crystallization cells from 100 to 250 [mu]m in size). Formation of a multi-modal, multi-phase, submicro- and nanosize structure assisting to a significant increase in the critical length of the crack, the safety coefficient and decrease in step of cracks for loading cycle was the main cause for the increase in silumin fatigue life

Serum bone resorption markers and 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in women of the Trans-Baikal region of the Russian and Buryat nationalities

Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic bone disease, characterized by a decrease of bone mineral density, leading to the development of low-energy fractures. Serum pyridinoline (PYD) and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide type I (β-CrossLaps) are among the specific markers of bone resorption. Vitamin D is involved in the metabolism of bone tissue, its deficiency accelerates the processes of bone tissue breakdown. Material and methods. 60 women with osteoporosis were studied (30 Russian and 30 Buryat nationalities) aged 50 to 80 years; the control group included 20 women (10 Russian and 10 Buryat nationalities). Serum bone resorption markers, namely pyridinoline and β-CrossLaps, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured using immunoassays. Results and discussion. The level of β-CrossLaps was higher and the content of 25(OH)D was lower in women with osteoporosis compared to the control group. There was a positive relationship between β-CrossLaps concentration and body mass index < 20 kg/cm2 , frequent falls, and a hip fracture, between the level of 25(OH)D and hereditary history of osteoporosis in Russian women. There was a positive relationship between Serum pyridinoline and smoking, between 25(OH)D and low physical activity, β-CrossLaps and the major osteoporotic fractures in Buryat women. It was found that the β-CrossLaps is an independent predictor of the development of fractures in Russian women (β = 0.678, p = 0.04). In Buryat women, independent predictors of fractures are pyridinoline (β = –0.38, p = 0.04) and β-CrossLaps (β = 0.671, p = 0.01). Conclusions. The systemic markers of bone resorption (pyridinoline, β-CrossLaps) and 25(OH)D can be used in the diagnosis of osteoporosis and fractures in residents of the Trans-Baikal Region in addition to risk factor assessment and bone mineral density measurement

Le pluralisme politique à l’épreuve de la vie privée : entre normes et pratiques

L’espace des relations interpersonnelles et privées, en tant qu’espace de politisation et d’expression des choix politiques, est peu connu. C’est à une meilleure connaissance du « citoyen privé » et de la « politisation intime » que cet article veut contribuer, en étudiant les ressemblances et les divergences idéologiques au sein du cercle des proches. Présentant les résultats d’une enquête quantitative et représentative de la population française inédite, « Famille, amour et politique », réalisée par le CEVIPOF, il examine la filiation, la conjugalité, et l’amitié et montre les interactions et les transactions qui opèrent entre le système des normes et le système des affects des individus. La famille apparaît plus hétérogame politiquement tandis que le couple et le cercle des amis sont plus homogames. Toutefois, c’est le niveau de politisation des individus qui est en dernière instance le plus déterminant. Une affiliation politique affirmée, et tout particulièrement à gauche, ainsi qu’un intérêt marqué pour la politique, renforcent toujours l’homogamie politique au sein du cercle des proches, dans les principes comme dans les faits. Plus largement, l’article ouvre une réflexion sur l’espace de la vie privée en tant que terrain d’expérience des conditions de la pluralité démocratique.Little is known of the role played by private interpersonal relationships in politicization and the expression of political choices. This article aims to improve our understanding of “private citizens” and “personal politicization” through a study of ideological similarities and divergences within family and friendship circles. The analysis, based on findings from an unprecedented quantitative representative French population survey by the CEVIPOF (Center for the study of French political life) entitled “Famille, amour et politique” [Family, love and politics], examines filiation, conjugality and friendship, showing the interactions and transactions that take place between the system of norms and the system of individual feelings. Families appear more heterogamous politically, while couples and friendship circles are more homogamous. However, individuals’ level of politicization is ultimately the most determinant factor. Having a strong political affiliation, particularly on the left of the political spectrum, and a strong interest in politics always strengthens intra-circle political homogamy in terms of both principles and actions. At a more general level, the article reflects on the sphere of private life as a field for the development of conditions of democratic pluralism

Degradation of structure and properties of rail surface layer at long-term operation

The microstructure evolution and properties variation of the surface layer of rail steel after passed 500 and 1000 million tons of gross weight (MTGW) have been investigated. The wear rate increases to 3 and 3.4 times after passed 500 and 1000 MTGW, respectively. The corresponding friction coefficient decreases by 1.4 and 1.1 times. The cementite plates were destroyed and formed the cementite particles of around 10-50 nm in size after passed 500 MTGW. The early stage dynamical recrystallization was observed after passed 1000 MTGW. The mechanisms for these have been suggested. The large number of bend extinction contours is revealed in the surface layer. The internal stress field is evaluated

Взаимосвязь минеральной плотности костной ткани и показателей иммунного воспаления у женщин с остеопорозом в сочетании с ишемической болезнью сердца

Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a risk factor of osteoporotic fractures. The RANKL–RANK–OPG system and some cytokines are known to play a role in the regulation of bone remodeling. Cytokines and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are able to affect the cardiovascular system. It is highly relevant to study the relationship between BMD and cytokine levels in patients with a concurrence of osteoporosis (OP) and coronary atherosclerosis.Objective: to estimate the relationship between BMD and the level of cytokines and OPG in women having OP comorbid with coronary heart disease (CHD).Subjects and methods. Sixty women (mean age 68.7±8.8 years) with OP comorbid with CHD (Group 1) were examined; a control group consisted of 38 patients (mean age 69.4±8.1 years) with isolated CHD (Group 2). BMD was measured in two regions: lumbar vertebrae (LI–IV) and proximal femur, by employing a DEXA densitometer (CHALLENGER, France). The serum levels of OPG, interleukin (IL) 1β, 4, 6, 8, 10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results. The women with comorbidity were observed to have elevated IL6, 8, TNF-α, IL4, 10, and OPG levels. There was a negative correlation between IL1, TNF-α, and IL8 levels and vertebral BMD; OPG, IL4, 6, 8, and TNF-α concentrations were inversely related to femoral neck BMD. The independent factor of lower BMD was IL6 in the femoral neck and IL1 in the lumbar vertebrae. The findings suggest that there is a relationship between elevated cytokine levels and lower BMD in women having OP comorbid with CHD.Низкая минеральная плотность кости (МПК) является фактором риска остеопоротических переломов. Известна роль системы RANKL–RANK–OPG и некоторых цитокинов в регуляции костного ремоделирования. Цитокины и остеопротегерин (OPG) способны оказывать влияние и на сердечно-сосудистую систему. Изучение взаимосвязи между МПК и уровнем цитокинов у пациентов, имеющих сочетание остеопороза (ОП) и коронарного атеросклероза, представляется весьма актуальным.Цель исследования – оценить взаимосвязь МПК и уровня цитокинов, OPG у женщин с ОП, коморбидным с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС).Материал и методы. Обследовано 60 женщин с ОП, коморбидным с ИБС (1-я группа), средний возраст – 68,7±8,8 года, контрольную группу (2-я группа) составили 38 пациенток с изолированной ИБС, средний возраст – 69,4±8,1 года. МПК исследовали в двух областях – поясничных позвонках LI–IV и проксимальном отделе бедра при помощи DEXA денситометра CHALLENGER (Франция). Уровни ОPG интерлейкина (ИЛ) 1β, 4, 6, 8, 10, фактора некроза опухоли (ФНО) α в сыворотке крови определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа (ELISA).Результаты исследования. У женщин с коморбидной патологией отмечается повышение уровня ИЛ6 и 8, ФНОα, ИЛ4, 10, OPG. Выявлена отрицательная связь между уровнями ИЛ1, ФНОα, ИЛ8 и МПК позвонков; концентрации OPG, ИЛ4, 6, 8 и ФНОα были обратно связаны с МПК шейки бедра. Независимым фактором снижения МПК в шейке бедра является ИЛ6, в поясничных позвонках – ИЛ1. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о взаимосвязи между повышением уровня цитокинов и снижением МПК у женщин с ОП, коморбидным с ИБС

ЭФИРНЫЕ МАСЛА: МЕТОДЫ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПОДЛИННОСТИ И ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ ФАЛЬСИФИКАЦИИ. ОБЗОР

Essential oils are the products of natural origin that find a wide variety of applications in various industries. The high cost, laboriousness of production and widespread use lead to the fact that they are often found falsified. The use of fake oils increases their danger to humans, and therefore the establishment of the authenticity of essential oils is of a great importance. In this review, the authors analyze the published works and normative documents on the issues of determining the authenticity and identification of falsification of the essential oils. The component composition of essential oils, its variability depending on the place of growth of the essential oil plant and the technology of oil separation are considered. The main methods of falsification of essential oils and the range of techniques used for the control of the authenticity of products are discussed. The authors analyze the literature and the regulatory framework governing the quality of essential oils, existing methods for determining their authenticity, and indicate the respective advantages and disadvantages. A particular attention is paid to the method of mass spectrometry of isotope ratios, as the most promising, due to the high accuracy and the possibility of using practically any type of oil for the research. The authors confirm the widespread use of the isotope ratio mass spectrometry method in practice with the specific examples and demonstrate the new capabilities of this method associated with the use of isotope profiling and combined isotope analysis methods, which is an indicator for any artificial processes that occur with essential oils as a result of falsification.Keywords: essential oils, component composition, falsification, authenticity, methods, chromatography, spectroscopy, isotope ratio mass spectrometryDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2019.23.4.010(Russian)I.V. Lapko1, Yu.U. B. Aksenova1, *O.V. Kuznecova2, S.V. Vasilevskij1, A.V. Aksenov1, V.F. Taranchenko1, A.M. Antohin1, A.A. Ihalajnen1 1Scientific Center «Signal», Bolshaya Olenya Street, 8, Moscow, 107014, Russsian Federation2Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of Russian Academу of Sciences, Kosygina str., 19, Moscow, 119991, Russsian FederationЭфирные масла являются продуктами природного происхождения, которые находят самое разнообразное применение в различных областях промышленности. Высокая стоимость, трудоемкость производства и широкое использование приводят к тому, что в продаже наряду с качественными эфирными маслами часто встречают фальсифицированные. Применение поддельных масел повышает их опасность для человека, в связи с чем установление подлинности эфирных масел имеет большое значение. В обзоре проведен анализ опубликованных работ и нормативных документов, посвященных вопросам определения подлинности и выявления фальсификации эфирных масел. Рассмотрен компонентный состав эфирных масел, его вариабельность в зависимости от места произрастания эфиромасличного растения и технологии выделения масла. Обсуждены основные способы фальсификации эфирных масел и спектр используемых для этого приемов, необходимость применения соответствующих методов исследования, позволяющих контролировать подлинность продукции. Проведен анализ литературы и нормативной базы, регламентирующей качество эфирных масел, существующих методов определения их подлинности, указывают достоинства и недостатки. Особое внимание уделено методу масс-спектрометрии изотопных отношений, как наиболее перспективному, вследствие высокой точности и возможности применения для исследования практически любого типа масла. Приведены основные теоретические положения исследования стабильных изотопов и их фракционирования, принципиальные особенности методов измерения. Подтверждено широкое использование метода масс-спектрометрии изотопных отношений на практике конкретными примерами с демонстрацией новых возможностей данного метода, связанных с использованием изотопного профилирования и комбинированных методов изотопного анализа. Отмечена важность для определения подлинности масел информации об изотопном составе их компонентов, который является индикатором любых искусственных процессов, происходящих с эфирным маслом в результате фальсификации.Ключевые слова: эфирные масла, компонентный состав, фальсификация, подлинность, методы, хроматография, спектроскопия, изотопная масс-спектрометрияDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2019.23.4.01

ORGANIZATION OF ANTI-EPIDEMIC MEASURES DURING THE ANTHRAX OUTBREAK IN THE YAMALO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT IN 2016

The organizational peculiarities of anti-epidemic measures during the anthrax outbreak in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District in 2016 are presented. Complex of these measures provided for anthrax patients active identification and hospitalization, preventive immunization and emergency antibiotic prophylaxis of risk groups, vaccination of reindeer, utilization of fallen animals. Disinfection, deratization and desinsection measures were performed. Native residents were evacuated from infection focus and sensitization campaign among the population was carried out. Organized were sanitary inspection stations and temporary accommodation points. Due to operational implementation of anti-epidemic measures in the interagency format the anthrax focus was localized within one incubation period