Kinetics of substitution of cis-bis(malonato)diaquochromate(III) with glycine, DL-alanine and DL-phenylalanine in alkaline medium

The kinetics of interaction among amino acids such as glycine, DL-alanine and DL-phenylalanine and cis-bis(malonato)diaquochromate(III) has been studied spectrophotometrically as a function of [glycine], [DL-alanine] and [DL-phenylalanine] in alkaline medium. The effect of pH, temperature and substrate was also studied. The substitution reaction has been found to proceed via two steps: amino acid dependent and amino acid independent path. In this process, it indicated that the substitution reaction occurs through an Ia mechanism in the amino acid dependent path and a dissociative mechanism in the independent path, showing the higher reactivity of single ended malonate complex.KEY WORDS: Substitution, cis-bis(Malonato)diaquochromate(III), Amino acids, Alkaline mediumBull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2011, 25(1), 103-110

ADDITIVE AND DIVISIVE CLUSTER ALGORITHM FOR COST REDUCTION IN UNIT COMMITMENT

ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel technique to solve the problem of uni

A NOVEL VOTING SYSTEM USING SMS

Electronic voting systems have the potential to improve traditional voting procedures by providing added convenience and flexibility to the voter. Numerous electronic voting schemes have been proposed in the past, but most of them have failed to provide voter authentication in an efficient and transparent way. On the other hand, GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is the most widely used mobile networking standard. There are more than one billion GSM users worldwide that represent a large user potential not for mobile telephony, but also for other mobile applications that exploit the mature GSM infrastructure. In this paper, the electronic voting scheme using GSM mobile technology is presented. By integrating an electronic voting scheme with the GSM infrastructure, we are able to exploit existing GSM authentication mechanisms and provide enhanced voter authentication and mobility while maintaining voter privacy. The objective of this project is to avoid the queue in voting time. Voting machines provide easy access to cast the vote by using mobile phone

DESIGN OF DYNAMIC MAC PROTOCOL FOR WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS

ABSTRAC

Model chemistries of hydrazides. III: SEMO computations of isonicotinic acid hydrazide, its valence isomers and their isopropyl derivatives

571-579The computational quantum chemistry of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), an antitubercular drug, is studied at SEMO level of theory. AMPAC 6.7 package is employed to invoke six hamiltonians, viz., MNDO, MNDO3, MNDO/C, AM1, PM3 and SAM1, to arrive at the optimized geometries in the gaseous phase. Picolinic acid hydrazide (PAH), a valence isomer of INH, and benzoic acid hydrazide (BAH) without a hetero atom in the aromatic ring and their isopropyl derivatives are also investigated. PAH and INH are found to be more stable as compared to BAH, based on electronic and total energies. However, heat of formation is positive (endothermic) and increases in the order: BAH < INH < PAH. The HOMO concentrates on the hydrazide fragment, while LUMO extends over the ring. The orbital-based interactions are more probable with isopropyl derivatives as FMOs spread on either side. Isopropyl derivatives have higher. (ELUMO - EHOMO) and electron affinity values, while ionization potential and hardness have lower values compared to parent compounds. The static dipole moment of INH (1.13 Debye) is substantially increased to 1.87 Debye in  isop-INH and to 4.46 Debye in PAH. For INH, the second order hyperpolarizability is higher than that of PAH. The electrophilic centers are the terminal nitrogens of hydrazide fragment and the pyridine nitrogen in INH and PAH. The isopropyl analogues have higher electrophilic character. The 3D-surface and 2-D contours of total electron density (TED) on TED, electrostatic potential (ESP) on TED and ESP on ESP along with Mullikan and ESP charges are analysed. The quantum chemical computed bond characteristics of INH are in agreement with the X-ray crystallographic data

Salinity Tolerance & Preference of Enchytraeid Oligochaete <i>Enchytraeus barkudensis</i>

290-292Preference and tolerance capacities of a littoral oligochaete, Enchytraeus barkudensis from the southern lighter channel, Visakhapatnam Harbour, Andhra Pradesh, India were studied over a wide salinity ranges (fresh water 30%) in vitro. It showed more than 60% survival in all salinities even after 2 weeks except in fresh water. It always preferred higher salinities in all combinations except 25-30% combination. Both survival and preference values obtained can be attributed to the distribution of the worm above mid water mark at the Harbour