Regional Specifics of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Arctic Regions of the Russian Federation

The article analyzes the regional specifics of solid municipal waste management in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to analyze the regional specifics of solid municipal waste management within the framework of the federal project "Integrated System of Solid Municipal Waste Management", included in the national project "Ecology". First of all, this request will allow us to achieve the most effective management decisions in the field of regulatory regulation and the introduction of mechanisms for economic regulation of MSW management activities, as well as to contribute the creation of an effective management system, and the development of infrastructure for MSW management. The statistical analysis of formation indicators, processing and utilization of MSW waste in the structure by region is presented in this paper. The factors determining the specificity of MSW handling in the Arctic regions are defined. The expert survey made it possible to identify the main problems of implementing the garbage reform in the Arctic in general and in inner regions in particular. The main methods in this study were: semi-formal telephone interviews with representatives of environmental organizations and associations (18 informants), as well as collecting and analysis of statistical indicators of the MSW handling in the Arctic regions

Study of the Influence of the Irradiation Flux Density on the Formation of a Defect Structure in AlN in the Case of the Effect of Overlapping of the Heavy Ion Motion Trajectories in the Near-Surface Layer

This research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (No. AP14972854). Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2.The aim of this paper is to test the previously stated hypothesis and several experimental facts about the effect of the ion flux or ion beam current under irradiation with heavy ions on the radiation damage formation in the ceramic near-surface layer and their concentration. The hypothesis is that, when considering the possibilities of using ion irradiation (usually with heavy ions) for radiation damage simulation at a given depth, comparable to neutron irradiation, it is necessary to consider the rate factor for the set of atomic displacements and their accumulation. Using the methods of X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman and UV–Vis spectroscopy, alongside photoluminescence, the mechanisms of defect formation in the damaged layer were studied by varying the current of the Xe23+ ion beam with an energy of 230 MeV. As a result of the experimental data obtained, it was found that, with the ion beam current elevation upon the irradiation of nitride ceramics (AlN) with heavy Xe23+ ions, structural changes have a pronounced dependence on the damage accumulation rate. At the same time, the variation of the ion beam current affects the main mechanisms of defect formation in the near-surface layer. It has been found that at high values of flux ions, the dominant mechanism in damage to the surface layer is the mechanism of the formation of vacancy defects associated with the replacement of nitrogen atoms by oxygen atoms, as well as the formation of ON–VAl complexes. © 2023 by the authors. --//-- Bikhert Y.V., Kozlovskiy A.L., Popov A.I., Zdorovets M.V.; Study of the Influence of the Irradiation Flux Density on the Formation of a Defect Structure in AlN in the Case of the Effect of Overlapping of the Heavy Ion Motion Trajectories in the Near-Surface Layer; (2023) Materials, 16 (15), art. no. 5225; DOI: 10.3390/ma16155225; https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85167788062&doi=10.3390%2fma16155225&partnerID=40&md5=8456d5572e735de9d929ce9191431926. Published under the CC BY 4.0 licence.This research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (No. AP14972854). Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2

Study of helium swelling in nitride ceramics at different irradiation temperatures

This paper presents the results of a systematic study of helium swelling and the subsequent process of degradation of the near-surface layer of aluminum-based nitride ceramics. The samples were irradiated with 40 keV He2+ ions at temperatures of 300 and 1000 K with a fluence of 1 × 1017-5 × 1017 ions/cm2. The choice of radiation doses and temperature conditions was due to the possibility of simulating reactor tests of structural materials. It has been established that an increase in the irradiation fluence leads to the formation of large agglomerates of clusters of helium bubbles, as well as an increase in the degree of roughness and waviness of the surface with the formation of crater-like inclusions. In the case of irradiation at high temperatures, there was a slight decrease in the average size of helium inclusions compared with irradiation at room temperature. However, the density of inclusions and surface roughness were much higher. It is established that irradiation at room temperatures leads to a sharp decrease in ceramics density, as well as deformation of the crystal structure due to an increase in the density of dislocations and macrostresses in the structure. The decrease in ceramics density due to the formation of helium inclusions led to an increase in porosity and a defective fraction in the structure of the surface layer of ceramics. © 2019 by the authors

Study of changes in optical and heat-conducting properties of aln ceramics under irradiation with kr15+ and xe22+ heavy ions

AlN-based ceramics have great prospects for use in the field of structural materials for reactors of the new generation of GenIV, as well as dosimetric and optical devices. Interest in them is due to their unique physical and chemical properties, high resistance to degradation and excellent insulating properties. This work is devoted to the study of changes in the optical and heat-conducting properties of AlN ceramics as a result of irradiation with Kr15+ and Xe22+ heavy ions with energies close to those of fission fragments of uranium nuclei, and fluences 1014–1015 ion/cm2. During the study, dose relationships of changes in the optical properties of ceramics were established, as well as the effect of the type of ions on the degree of radiation damage and deterioration of optical characteristics. It has been found that an increase in the irradiation dose for Kr15+ ions leads to a slight increase in the depth of electron traps, while for samples irradiated with Xe22+ ions there is a sharp increase in the depth of occurrence from 5 to 20%, depending on the irradiation dose. For samples irradiated with Xe22+ ions, the greatest decrease in thermal conductivity was 19%, while for ceramics irradiated with Kr15+ ions, the maximum decrease was not more than 10%. The results show a significant resistance of ceramics to radiation damage by Kr15+ ions and negative effects, leading to a decrease in the resistance of optical and conductive properties of ceramics when irradiated with Xe22+ ions with doses higher than 5 × 1014 ion/cm2. Using the X-ray diffraction method, the dependences of structural distortions and changes in dislocation density in the structure of ceramics on the radiation dose were established. It has been determined that the main structural changes are associated with the fragmentation of grains, which result in an increase in the dislocation density, as well as deformation and distortion of the crystal lattice as a result of the formation of complex defects in the structure. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (No. AP08051975)

Phase transformations and photocatalytic activity of nanostructured Y2O3/TiO2-Y2TiO5 ceramic such as doped with carbon nanotubes

This work is devoted to the study of phase transition processes in nanostructured ceramics of the Y2O3/TiO2-Y2TiO5 type doped with carbon nanotubes as a result of thermal annealing, as well as to the assessment of the prospects of the effect of phase composition on photocatalytic activity. By the method of X-ray phase analysis, it was found that an increase in the annealing temperature leads to the formation of the orthorhombic phase Y2TiO5, as well as structural ordering. Based on the obtained UV spectra, the band gap was calculated, which varies from 2.9 eV (initial sample) to 2.1 eV (annealed at a temperature of 1000 ◦C). During photocatalytic tests, it was established that the synthesized nanostructured ceramics Y2O3/TiO2-Y2TiO5 doped CNTs show a fairly good photocatalytic activity in the range of 60–90% decomposition of methyl orange. © 2020 by the authors.Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan: BR05235921This study was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (grant BR05235921)

Multimodal Means of Intensifying the Evidential Impact of Political Media Discourse

В статье рассматривается специфика функционирования категории "эвиденциальность" в английском политическом медиадискурсе.The article deals with the functioning specificity of the category of "evidentiality" in the political mass media discourse

Comprehensive Study of Changes in the Optical, Structural and Strength Properties of ZrO2 Ceramics as a Result of Phase Transformations Caused by Irradiation with Heavy Ions

This work is devoted to the study of the effect of irradiation with Kr15+ and Xe23+ heavy ions with energies of 147 and 220 MeV, respectively, on the change in the optical, structural and strength properties of ceramics ZrO2. Polycrystalline ZrO2 ceramics with a tetragonal type of crystal structure, which are highly resistant to external influences, mechanical strength to cracking, and hardness were chosen as the object of research. The choice of heavy ions Kr15+ and Xe23+ is due to the possibility of simulating the effect of nuclear fission fragments in an atomic reactor, and the choice of irradiation doses of 1 × 1013–1 × 1014 ion/cm2 is due to the possibility of simulating the effects of overlapping defect regions arising along the trajectory of ions in the material. Using the X-ray diffraction method, it was found that in the case of irradiation with heavy ions, an increase in the radiation dose leads to phase transformations of the tetragonal type of the crystal lattice into a cubic one. In this case, for the samples irradiated with Xe23+ ions at an irradiation dose of 1 × 1014 ion/cm2, an almost complete phase transformation is observed. Dependences of changes in strength and optical characteristics on the type of irradiation and dose load have been established. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.This research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (No. AP08051975)

Synthesis and properties of Ferrite-based nanoparticles

The work is dedicated to the study of the structural and optical characteristics, as well as the phase transformations, of ferrite nanoparticles of CeO2-Fe2 O3 . To characterize the results obtained, the methods of scanning and transmission microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy were applied. It was found that the initial nanoparticles are polycrystalline structures based on cerium oxide with the presence of X-ray amorphous inclusions in the structure, which are characteristic of iron oxide. The study determined the dynamics of phase and structural transformations, as well as the appearance of a magnetic texture depending on the annealing temperature. According to the Mossbauer spectroscopy data, it has been established that a rise in the annealing temperature gives rise to an ordering of the magnetic properties and a decrease in the concentration of cationic and vacancy defects in the structure. During the life test of synthesized nanoparticles as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the dependences of the cathode lifetime on the phase composition of nanoparticles were established. It is established that the appearance of a magnetic component in the structure result in a growth in the resource lifetime and the number of operating cycles. The results show the prospects of using these nanoparticles as the basis for lithium-ion batteries, and the simplicity of synthesis and the ability to control phase transformations opens up the possibility of scalable production of these nanoparticles for cathode materials. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Study of Phase Transformations in Ferroelectrics Based on Calcium Titanate

The aim of this work is to study phase transformations kinetics in ferroelectrics based on calcium titanate. The relevance of this study is in the assessment of new methods for obtaining complex phase composition ferroelectrics, which have the potential for application in microelectronics, photocatalysis, and power engineering. The methods of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used as the main methods of analysis. Analysis of morphological features made it possible to establish the kinetics of changes not only in grain sizes, but also in their geometry. During the studies of phase transformations, the following dependence of the TiO2 - anatase/CaTi2O4 → TiO2- anatase /CaTi2O4/CaTiO3 → CaTiO3/TiO2 - rutile type was established depending on the annealing temperature. At the same time, at a temperature of 1000°C, a stable structure of ceramic with a perovskite-like structure of the CaTiO3 type and a high structural ordering degree (more than 92%) is formed. © 2021 E.A.Buketov Karaganda State. University Publish House. All rights reserved.This research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (No. AP09259182)

Induced spirals in polyethylene terephthalate films irradiated with ar ions with an energy of 70 MeV

This paper presents the results of a study of the ordering in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film induced by Ar8+ ions with an irradiation fluence of 2 × 1012 ions/cm2, and of the temporal stability of the induced ordering in the irradiated sample, over a three month period. Immediately after irradiation, sharp new reflections not seen at lower fluences were observed in X-ray diffraction patterns, with angular positions of 2 θ = 9–10° and 19° and variable azimuthal intensities. X-ray reflections, previously observed at lower fluences, were also seen: at 2 θ = 26° and 23°, associated with PET crystallites, and at 2 θ = 5–12°, associated with induced ordering in the amorphous zone. Aging of the irradiated sample led to significant growth of the ordering region in the amorphous zone for angles up to 2 θ < 15°, as well as to dissipation and blurring of the new diffraction reflections at 2 θ = 9–10° and 2 θ = 19° and the formation of a new diffraction ring reflection in the range 2 θ = 11–16°. The azimuthal distribution of diffraction reflection intensities immediately after irradiation displays a clear oblique cross located predominantly along lines at angles of π/4 with respect to the direction of the texture of the PET film, indicating the formation of spiral structures based on the molecular strands of PET. Our experimental results lead us to conclude that the formation of coherent scattering areas in the amorphous region at 2 θ < 15° is due to intra-chain rotations of benzene-carboxyl subunits of repeat units of the PET chain molecules interacting with the residual electric field of a single latent track; whereas the formation of spiral structures is due to the inter-chain interaction of these preordered asymmetric subunits under the influence of the electric fields from overlapping latent tracks. © 2020 by the authors