Study of the 10 micron continuum of water vapor

Radiation attenuation by atmospheric water vapor is considered. A formula based on laboratory data is recommended for approximating continuous absorption in the spectra region in question. Data of full scale measurements and laboratory experiments are compared. It was concluded that only molecular absorption need be taken into account under clear atmospheric conditions during the warm part of the year, while in winter or in cloudy conditions, the effect of aerosol can be significant

Assessment of Climatic Conditions for Siberian Reindeer Herding on the Basis of Heat Balance Modelling

The purpose of the research is to assess suitable climatic conditions for traditional herding of reindeer by Indigenous people in different areas of Siberia. A сomputer simulation model allowed us to calculate reindeer’s heat balance according to a number of meteorological indices; it was used to assess climatic conditions in 70 localities. To show the impact of climatic conditions on reindeer’s well-being, we introduce the notion of the thermal comfort index (Kt). The best environmental conditions for reindeer are in the areas where Kt takes the highest values in winter and the lowest ones in summer. We showed the results of the reindeer heat balance computer simulation on two maps visualising the average Kt values in summer and in winter. Finally, using official statistics, we calculated the number of reindeer per 100 km2 in areas with different types of traditional reindeer herding. The territories with the largest domesticated reindeer populations per 100 km2 in the two major tundra reindeer breeding areas (Samoed and Chukchi-Koriak types of reindeer herding) are located in the regions with the relatively low value of Kt in summer and high in winter. In the taiga, Kt is relatively high in summer, and reindeer herding (Tungus and Saian types) is developed mostly in highlands, where the summer Kt is lower than in flatlands because of the vertical temperature gradient. The results obtained prove that thermal conditions are extremely important for traditional reindeer herding.L’objectif de cette recherche consiste à évaluer les conditions climatiques convenables à l’élevage traditionnel des rennes par les peuples indigènes de différentes régions de la Sibérie. Au moyen d’un modèle de simulation informatisé, nous avons calculé le bilan thermique des rennes en fonction de plusieurs indices météorologiques. Nous avons évalué les conditions climatiques de 70 localités. Pour illustrer les incidences des conditions climatiques sur le bien-être des rennes, nous avons introduit la notion de l’indice du confort thermique (Kt). Pour le renne, les meilleures conditions environnementales sont celles pour lesquelles Kt a les plus grandes valeurs en hiver, et les moins grandes valeurs en été. Nous avons illustré les résultats de la simulation informatisée du bilan thermique du renne sur deux cartes permettant de visualiser les valeurs Kt moyennes de l’été et de l’hiver. Pour terminer, à l’aide de statistiques officielles, nous avons calculé le nombre de rennes par 100 km2 dans des zones ayant différents types d’élevage traditionnel de rennes. Les territoires comptant les plus grandes populations de rennes domestiqués par tranche de 100 km2 dans les deux grands secteurs de reproduction de la toundra (les types d’élevage Samoed et Chukchi-Koriak) se situent dans les régions où la valeur Kt est relativement basse l’été et élevée en hiver. Dans la taïga, le Kt est relativement élevé pendant l’été, et l’élevage des rennes (de types Tungus et Saian) est surtout développé dans les hautes terres, où la valeur Kt d’été est moins élevée que dans les plaines en raison du gradient thermique vertical. Les résultats obtenus prouvent que les conditions thermiques jouent un très grand rôle dans l’élevage traditionnel des rennes.Цель исследования состоит в оценке климатических условий для традиционного оленеводства коренных народов в разных областях Сибири. Использование имитационной компьютерной модели позволило по ряду метеорологических показателей рассчитать значения теплового баланса северного оленя для 70 географических пунктов. Чтобы отразить влияние климатических условий на организм оленя, мы ввели понятие коэффициент теплового комфорта (Kt). Самые благоприятные для северного оленя условия там, где Kt принимает наиболее высокие значения зимой и самые низкие значения летом. Мы отразили результаты компьютерного моделирования теплового баланса оленя на двух картах, отражающих средние значения Kt в летний и зимний периоды. Для интерпретации результатов мы рассчитали количество оленей на 100 км2 в ареалах с различными типами традиционного оленеводства, использовав данные официальной статистики. Оказалось, что в двух крупнейших областях тундрового оленеводства (самоедский и чукотско-корякский типы оленеводства) территории, с наибольшим числом домашних оленей на 100 км2, расположены в районах с относительно низкими значениями Kt летом и высокими зимой. В тайге (в ареалах тунгусского и саянского типов оленеводства) значения Kt летом сравнительно велики. Оленеводство здесь развивается в основном в районах, где есть высокие горы и из-за вертикального градиента температуры значения Kt летом понижены. Полученные результаты подтверждают значимость температурных условий для традиционного оленеводства

Simulation of the stationary electrochemical surface treatment by two asymmetric cathode plates

The hydrodynamic analogy method was used to solve the problem of stationary electrochemical shaping with two semi-infinite cathode plates arranged arbitrarily relative to the feed direction. A feature of the problem is the multivalence of the velocity hodograph. © 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Model of broadband metamaterial for microwaves

In this work are presented, results of computer model operation of the structure executed from triangular elements with openings in the center. Results of mathematical calculation of amplitude and phase distribution of an electric field with use of CST Microwave studio are given. Also, calculation of the equivalent index of refraction when passing a plane wave through this structure is given

A problem of steady-state electrochemical shaping with a non-Schlicht velocity hodograph

We solve the problem of the steady-state electrochemical shaping by two semi-infinite cathode plates oriented and located arbitrarily with respect to the direction of the feed motion. A characteristic feature of this problem is a non-schlicht velocity hodograph. © 2010 Allerton Press, Inc

Application of broadband microwave near-field sensors for glucose monitoring in biological media

The paper presents results of numerical simulation and experimental testing of a microwave sensor for non-invasive glucose monitoring. The sensor represents a conical horn with a conical conductor inside expanding toward the horn aperture. Such a sensor has a significantly wider passband in comparison with sensors of other designs. It is essential that the sensor geometry provides formation of an extended near-field zone with high electric field strength near the sensor aperture. A clear relationship between the dielectric permittivity of the phantom biological tissue and the frequency dependence of the parameter S11 of the sensor is observed at frequencies in the range from 1.4 to 1.7 GHz. This circumstance can be used to develop a procedure for measuring the glucose level in blood that correlates with the parameter S11 of the sensor. From the viewpoint of monitoring of the glucose content in blood, the most convenient body sensor location is on the hands or feet, in particular, wrists

A comprehensive study of underground animals habitat

This paper describes a method of studying the natural habitats of underground animals by the example of zokor. The purpose of the research is to find habitation of animals using unmanned aircraft and investigate networks of tunnels and burrows with ground penetrating radar "OKO-2". Geolocation data were processed by techniques developed by the authors