INTRODUCTION OF ELEMENTS OF PERSONALIZED EDUCATION IN SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

The article provides a brief analysis of the testing of elements of personalized education using the electronic digital platform Empower on the example of 173 students of the 3 course of the secondary vocational educational institution during one semester.В статье проводится краткий анализ апробации элементов персонализированного образования с применением электронной цифровой платформы Empower на примере среднего профессионального образовательного учреждения в течении одного семестра

Probation of the Digital Educational Platform Empower in the College

В статье приведены значение, возможности, опыт и рекомендации применения цифровой образовательной платформы Empower как элемента персонализированной модели образования в учреждениях среднего профессионального образования.The article presents the significance, opportunities, experience and recommendations of the use of the digital educational platform Empower as an element of a personalized model of education in secondary vocational education institutions

Designing the Implementation of a Personalized College Education Model

В статье приведены особенности внедрения элементов персонализированной модели образования в образовательные учреждения среднего профессионального образования. Приведены рекомендации для лиц, ответственных за реализацию проекта.The article presents the features of designing the implementation of the elements of the personalized model of education in the educational institutions of secondary vocational education. Pprovides recommendations for those responsible for the implementation of the project

The Experience of Using Personalized Model Approaches of Education in the Development of New Software

В статье раскрывается опыт использования нескольких инструментов персонализированной модели образования при освоении студентами колледжа различного программного обеспечения, проводится анализ эффективности примененных подходов.The article reveals the experience of using several tools of a personalized education model when college students master various software, analyzes the effectiveness of the applied approaches

Specific Cerebrovascular Risk Factors, Colon Microbiocenosis and its Correction in Patients Receiving Long-Term Programmed Hemodialysis

Introduction: The problem of acute and chronic cerebrovascular disorders in dialysis patients remains the most urgent. Risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases in CKD and dialysis patients can be conditionally divided into “traditional” (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia) and “specific” (associated with renal pathology and dialysis procedures). The spectrum of specific factors of cerebrovascular risk in patients with dialysis stage of the CKD includes specific dialysis factors that form during programmed HD, as well as impaired phosphorus-calcium metabolism and calcification of the arterial microvasculature, increased blood levels of β2-microglobulin, homocysteine, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase, a decrease in the level of nitric oxide (II) metabolites, development of nephrogenic anemia and dysfunction of blood cells, malnutrition and dietary features of patients with renal pathology, accumulation of uremic toxins and toxins of intestinal bacteria, etc. Opportunistic gut microorganisms can produce uremic toxins, which are associated with an increased risk of inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Description of the spectrum of risk factors for cerebrovascular pathology in dialysis patients and effective control over them seems to be an effective strategy aimed at increasing the duration and quality of life in patients receiving renal replacement therapy. The aim of the investigation was to study the species composition of colon microbiocenosis in patients with CKD receiving programmed HD treatment and to evaluate the effectiveness of its correction using a new immobilized synbiotic. Materials and methods: Samples of colon microbiota from 62 patients undergoing programmed hemodialysis were studied before and after a course of diet therapy that included probiotic components, in particular, the immobilized synbiotic LB-complex L. Isolation of microorganisms was carried out according to our original method; for bacteria identification, a MALDI-TOF Autoflex speed mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonik, Germany) was used in the Biotyper program mode. The results were assessed using the criteria proposed by the authors and based on the OST 91500.11.0004-2003. The efficacy of the immobilized synbiotic was determined based on the clinical data, questionnaires, and bacteriological tests. Results: In patients receiving programmed hemodialysis (before the start of the diet therapy), chronic moderate inflammation and azotemia were found. Dysbiotic changes in microbiocenosis were revealed in all the examined patients; in the absence or suppression of lacto- and bifidoflora, the number and diversity of Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Collinsella spp., Eggerthella spp. and other bacteria increased, which was consistent with the theory of functional redundancy of gut microbiota. From the answers to the questionnaires, a decrease in the quality of life was found (up to 70 points out of 100) according to six of the eight scales used. After the combined therapy using the synbiotic LB-complex L in the study group, 56% of the examined patients showed their microbiocenosis restored to normal; no grade III dysbiosis was detected in any patient. There was a significant decrease in CRP and ESR in these patients and an improvement in the quality of life by criteria reflecting physical health. Conclusion: Acute/chronic CVD in patients with CKD of the pre-dialysis and dialysis periods are the most frequent and formidable complications. The spectrum of “traditional” and “specific” CV risk factors in dialysis patients will be described in the chapter. Special attention will be paid to the intestinal microbiota and opportunistic intestinal microorganisms. The aim was to study the species composition of colon microbiocenosis in HD patients, and to evaluate the effectiveness of its correction using a new immobilized synbiotic. Materials and Methods. Samples of colon microbiota from 62 HD patients were studied before/after a course of diet therapy that included probiotic components, the immobilized synbiotic LB-complex L. MALDI-TOF Autoflex speed mass spectrometer was used in the Biotyper program mode. The efficacy of the immobilized synbiotic was determined based on the clinical data, questionnaires, and bacteriological tests. Results. Dysbiotic changes in microbiocenosis were revealed in all patients; in the absence/suppression of lacto-and bifidoflora, the number and diversity of Bacteroides spp.,Clostridium spp.,Collinsella spp.,Eggerthella spp. and other bacteria increased. After the combined therapy using the synbiotic LB-complex L in the study group, 56% of the examined patients showed their microbiocenosis restored to normal; no grade III dysbiosis was detected in any patient

7,8-Dihydro-8-oxo-1,N6-ethenoadenine: an exclusively Hoogsteen-paired thymine mimic in DNA that induces A→T transversions in Escherichia coli

14 pags., 9 figs.This work investigated the structural and biological properties of DNA containing 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-1,N6-ethenoadenine (oxo-ϵA), a non-natural synthetic base that combines structural features of two naturally occurring DNA lesions (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine and 1,N6-ethenoadenine). UV-, CD-, NMR spectroscopies and molecular modeling of DNA duplexes revealed that oxo-ϵA adopts the non-canonical syn conformation (χ = 65º) and fits very well among surrounding residues without inducing major distortions in local helical architecture. The adduct remarkably mimics the natural base thymine. When considered as an adenine-derived DNA lesion, oxo-ϵA was >99% mutagenic in living cells, causing predominantly A→T transversion mutations in Escherichia coli. The adduct in a single-stranded vector was not repaired by base excision repair enzymes (MutM and MutY glycosylases) or the AlkB dioxygenase and did not detectably affect the efficacy of DNA replication in vivo. When the biological and structural data are viewed together, it is likely that the nearly exclusive syn conformation and thymine mimicry of oxo-ϵA defines the selectivity of base pairing in vitro and in vivo, resulting in lesion pairing with A during replication. The base pairing properties of oxo-ϵA, its strong fluorescence and its invisibility to enzymatic repair systems in vivo are features that are sought in novel DNA-based probes and modulators of gene expression.MIT Skoltech Next Generation Program Pilot Grant (to J.M.E.); National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01-CA080024 to J.M.E.]; NIEHS Center Grant [P30-ES002109 (to Center for Environmental Health Sciences, which provided access to NGS facilities)]; Skoltech (to T.S.Z.); MICINN [PID2020-116620GB-I00 to C.G.]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education Russian Federation [07515-2021-1049 to A.V.A. – synthesis and UV/CD studies]. Funding for open access charge: Skoltech.Peer reviewe

Качество жизни больных на программном гемодиализе

The outcome of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently development of end-stage kidney failure that requires program hemodialysis (PHD). Increase of the longevity of long-term PHD patients is associated with continuous somatic and psychic stress for the patient, which might adversely affect the quality of life (QoL) of an end-stage CKD patient.Purpose: to determine the influence of age and dialysis duration on the QoL of end-stage CKD patients receiving PHD.Materials and methods. 50 patients receiving PHD (23 men and 27 women), aged 31 to 79 years, were examined. The mean age was 56.72±11.26 years. The PHD duration ranged between 1 month to 20 years, the average figure being 5.26±4.82 years. The control group included 50 healthy subjects of comparable gender and age. The QoL evaluation data were gathered through survey using the Russian version of SF-36 Questionnaire (Short Form Medical Outcomes Study), validated by the Institute of Clinical and Pharmacological Studies (Saint Petersburg) and analysis of case records.Results. As regards the scales of physical health, a decrease of the QoL of PHD patients was found as follows: РF-physical functioning (54.1±25.6 vs. 85.0±21.4), RP-role functioning related to physical condition (38.5±35.4 vs. 74.5±29.7), Pbodily pain (64.7±32.1 vs. 70.5±24.8), GH-general health condition (51.3±15.9 vs. 65.1±21.7). A trend towards inter-group difference was also discovered as regards the scales of vitality (VT) (53.7±19.5 vs. 61.0±19.4), social functioning (SF) (72.5±18.0 vs. 79.5±23.5). Multiple regression analysis established inverse relationship between the patient’s physical health component (PH) and age (rs=-0.317, P<0.05).Conclusion. In PHD patients, the physical health component is the one that suffers most of all, namely: physical functioning, role functioning related to physical condition, pain intensity, and general health condition. The tendency to statistic differences is observed for the scales of vitality and social functioning of the mental health component. Increase of the age and dialysis duration affect adversely the physical health whereas render no influence on the mental health.Зачастую исходом ХБП является развитие терминальной почечной недостаточности, требующей проведения программного гемодиализа (ПГ). Увеличение продолжительности жизни пациентов, находящихся на длительном лечении ПГ, сопряжено с постоянными соматическими и психическими нагрузками для пациента, что может негативно влиять на качество жизни (КЖ) больного терминальной стадией ХБП.Цель исследования: определение влияния возраста и стажа диализа на КЖ больных терминальной ХБП, находящихся на лечении ПГ.Материалы и методы. Обследовали 50 пациентов, получающих лечение ПГ (23 мужчин и 27 женщин), в возрасте от 31 до 79 лет. Средний возраст составил 56,72±11,26 лет. Длительность лечения ПГ колебалась в пределах от 1 месяца до 20 лет, что в среднем составило 5,26±4,82 лет. В группу контроля включили 50 здоровых людей, сопоставимых по полу и возрасту. Сбор данных по оценке КЖ осуществляли путем анкетирования по русскоязычной версии опросника SF-36 (Short Form Medical Outcomes Study), валидизированной «Институтом клинико-фармакологических исследований» (Санкт-Петербург) и анализа историй болезни.Результаты. В сфере физического здоровья выявили снижение КЖ пациентов, находящихся на ПГ, по следующим шкалам: РF-физического функционирования (54,1±25,6 против 85,0±21,4), RP-ролевого функционирования, обусловленное физическим состоянием (38,5±35,4 против 74,5±29,7), P-интенсивности боли (64,7±32,1 против 70,5±24,8), GH-общего состояние здоровья (51,3±15,9 против 65,1±21,7). Тенденцию к межгрупповым различиям также обнаружили по шкалам жизненной активности (VT) (53,7±19,5 против 61,0±19,4), социального функционирования (SF) (72,5±18,0 против 79,5±23,5). По результатам множественного регрессионного анализа выявили обратную зависимость между показателем физического компонента здоровья (PH) и возрастом пациентов (rs=-0,317, p<0,05).Заключение. У больных, находящихся на ПГ, в наибольшей степени страдает физический компонент здоровья, а именно: физическое функционирование, ролевая деятельность, обусловленная физическим состоянием, интенсивность боли и общее состояние здоровья. Тенденция к статистическим различиям отмечается по шкалам жизненной активности и социального функционирования психологического компонента здоровья. Увеличение возраста и стажа диализа отрицательно влияют на физический и не влияют на психологический компоненты здоровья

Острые и хронические дизиммунные полиневропатии в условиях пандемии COVID-19: патогенез, особенности клинической картины, диагностики и терапии (обзор литературы)

Dysimmune polyneuropathies are the etiologically heterogeneous group of diseases with autoimmune damage to the peripheral nervous system. The rarity of these diseases doesn’t exclude the possibility of their development or exacerbation in patients infected with SARS‑CoV‑2, which will require timely differential diagnosis and urgent specific therapy. The article summarizes current information on the mechanisms of development, clinical features, diagnosis and management of acute and chronic dysimmune polyneuropathies in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic.Дизиммунные полиневропатии представляют собой этиологически гетерогенную группу заболеваний с аутоиммунным поражением периферической нервной системы. Редкость данных заболеваний не исключает возможности их развития или обострения у инфицированных SARS‑CoV‑2 пациентов, что, в свою очередь, потребует проведения своевременной дифференциальной диагностики и неотложной интенсивной и специфической терапии. В статье обобщены актуальные на данный момент сведения, касающиеся механизмов развития, особенностей клинической картины, диагностики и тактики ведения острых и хронических дизиммунных полиневропатий в условиях пандемии COVID‑19