Airfoil design utilizing parallel processors. II-Applications

Presented as Paper 95-0126 at the 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit January 9-12,1995 / Reno, NVThe article of record as published may be found at https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-126One test case and two airfoil design applications were performed utilizing a parallel optimization scheme coupled to different fiow solvers. Parallel processors use computational fluid dynamics to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of multiple geometries simultaneously. The test case designed an airfoil to match the pressure distribution corresponding to an airfoil of a known shape. A transonic design application varied an airfoil's shape to maximize its lift-to-drag ratio

Factors Influencing Student-Athletes to Enroll in Utah Colleges

The specific factors that influence student-athletes to enroll in Utah colleges were studied at Utah State University, Weber State College, University of Utah, Westminster College, Brigham Young University, and College of Southern Utah. The intercollegiate sports surveyed were football, basketball, track and field, wrestling, and baseball. Factors influencing student-athletes to attend certain institutions varied from one athlete to another. Academic programs, level of competition, amount of financial aid, reputation of the athletic programs and institutions, as well as general facts of the programs were evaluated prior to selecting certain financial aid awards. Recruiting coaches were found to be very influential on the student-athletes and were responsible for dispensing the most helpful information to them. Most student-athletes were receiving some financial aid and were actively recruited by representatives of athletic departments

Home sampling for sexually transmitted infections and HIV in men who have sex with men: a prospective observational study

To determine uptake of home sampling kit (HSK) for STI/HIV compared to clinic-based testing, whether the availability of HSK would increase STI testing rates amongst HIV infected MSM, and those attending a community-based HIV testing clinic compared to historical control. Prospective observational study in three facilities providing STI/HIV testing services in Brighton, UK was conducted. Adult MSM attending/contacting a GUM clinic requesting an STI screen (group 1), HIV infected MSM attending routine outpatient clinic (group 2), and MSM attending a community-based rapid HIV testing service (group 3) were eligible. Participants were required to have no symptomatology consistent with STI and known to be immune to hepatitis A and B (group 1). Eligible men were offered a HSK to obtain self-collected specimens as an alternative to routine testing. HSK uptake compared to conventional clinic based STI/HIV testing in group 1, increase in STI testing rates due to availability of HSK compared to historical controls in group 2 and 3, and HSK return rates in all settings were calculated. Among the 128 eligible men in group 1, HSK acceptance was higher (62.5% (95%CI: 53.5–70.9)) compared to GUM clinic-based testing (37.5% (95% CI: 29.1–46.5)), (p = 0.0004). Two thirds of eligible MSM offered an HSK in all three groups accepted it, but HSK return rates varied (highest in group 1, 77.5%, lowest in group 3, 16%). HSK for HIV testing was acceptable to 81%of men in group 1. Compared to historical controls, availability of HSK increased the proportion of MSM testing for STIs in group 2 but not in group 3. HSK for STI/ HIV offers an alternative to conventional clinic-based testing for MSM seeking STI screening. It significantly increases STI testing uptake in HIV infected MSM. HSK could be considered as an adjunct to clinic-based services to further improve STI/HIV testing in MSM

REDUCING THE PEAK TO AVERAGE POWER RATIO OF MIMO-OFDM SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT In this paper, we proposed a particle swarm optimization (PSO

A review of BCLC’s voluntary self-exclusion program: Client behaviours, experiences, and perceptions

Executive Summary: The objectives of this study were to assess the experiences and perceptions of VSE program participants and to measure the effects of the program on their gambling. In addition, BCLC was interested in learning about the various informal and formal supports used by VSE clients during their exclusion and the effects of the VSE program on client’s quality of life. Another objective was to understand more about the factors that contribute to program violation attempts. In addition, there was interest in understanding at what point during the exclusion period do VSE clients experience reductions in problem gambling symptoms, if at all. Given these objectives, the current study offered VSE clients participation in several telephone interviews along with a weekly online survey. As with the prior studies conducted by these authors on BCLC’s VSE program, participants were introduced to the study during their enrollment into the land-based VSE program. Those who consented to participate in the study were contacted by members of the research team to schedule a telephone interview. Study participants were recruited between May 2019 and March 2020 at which point recruitment for the study concluded because of the COVID-19 pandemic and the closure of formal gaming venues across British Columbia. During the recruitment period, 3,911 people enrolled or re-enrolled into the VSE program. In total, 6.6% of these clients (n = 262) consented to have their name forwarded to the research team, and 3.3% (n = 128) participated in the first interview

Aerodynamic Analysis and Design of High-Performance Sails

High-performance sails, such as the ones used on the America Cup boats, require sails whose aerodynamic characteristics approach those of rigid wings, yet permit a reduction in sail area in high wind and sea conditions. To this end, two-cloth sails are coming into use. These sails are constructed out of an articulated forebody that is a truncated ellipse, the aft of which has sail tracks, or rollers, along the edges to accommodate the twin sails. As the sails on either side need to be of the same length, due to the requirement to sail on different tacks, the two cloth sections need to be of equal length. The requirement then is to have their clews separated and able to slide over each other. More importantly, the transition between the rigid mast section and sails needs to be as aerodynamically smooth as possible in order to reduce drag and hence maximize the lift to drag ratio of the airfoil section that is made up of the mast and twin sails. A computational analysis using ANSYS CFX is presented in this chapter which shows that the aerodynamic characteristics of this type of two-cloth sail are almost as good as those of two-element rigid wing sections. Optimum sail trim configurations are analyzed in order to maximize the thrust production. Applications may soon extend beyond competitive sailing purposes for use on sailing ships equipped with hydrokinetic turbines to produce hydrogen via electrolysis (energy ships). Additionally, high performance sails can be used onboard cargo ships to reduce overall fuel consumption

Hypotaurine and thiotaurine as indicators of sulfide exposure in bivalves and vestimentiferans from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

Author Posting. © Blackwell, 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Blackwell for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology 28 (2007): 208-218, doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00113.x.Vesicomyid clams, vestimentiferans, and some bathymodiolin mussels from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps possess thiotrophic endosymbionts, high levels of hypotaurine and, in tissues with symbionts, thiotaurine. The latter, a product of hypotaurine and sulfide, may store and/or transport sulfide non-toxically, and the ratio to hypotaurine plus thiotaurine (Th/[H+Th]) may reflect an animal's sulfide exposure. To test this, we analyzed seep and vent animals with in situ sulfide measurements. Calyptogena kilmeri clams occur at high-sulfide seeps in Monterey Canyon, while C. (Vesicomya) pacifica clams occur at seeps with lower levels but take up and metabolize sulfide more effectively. From one seep where they co-occur, both had gill thiotaurine contents at 22-25 mmol/kg wet mass, and while C. (V.) pacifica had a higher blood sulfide level, it had a lower Th/[H+Th] (0.39) than C. kilmeri (0.63). However, these same species from different seeps with lower sulfide exposures had lower ratios. Bathymodiolus thermophilus (East Pacific Rise [EPR 9°50'N]) from high- (84 μM) and a low- (7 μM) sulfide vents had gill ratios of 0.40 and 0.12, respectively. Trophosomes of Riftia pachyptila (EPR 9°50'N) from medium- (33 μM) and low- (4 μM) sulfide vents had ratios of 0.23 and 0.20, respectively (not significantly different). Ridgeia piscesae vestimentiferans (Juan de Fuca Ridge) have very different phenotypes at high- and low-sulfide sites, and their trophosomes had the greatest differences: 0.81 and 0.04 ratios from high- and low-sulfide sites, respectively. Thus Th/[H+Th] may indicate sulfide exposure levels within species, but not in interspecies comparisons, possibly due to phylogenetic and metabolic differences. Total H+Th was constant within each species (except in R. piscesae); the sum may indicate the maximum potential sulfide load that a species faces.Funding for Ridgeia piscesae collection was grant UAF01-0042 from NOAA-West Coast National Undersea Research Center to Stephen W. Schaeffer, Charles R. Fisher, and Stéphane Hourdez. Funding for GLB, RVH and PHY was the W.M. Keck Foundation (grant to Whitman College Life Sciences program) and Whitman College Perry Grant program. Funding was from Ifremer for NLB, and The David and Lucile Packard Foundation for SKG