Wavelet analysis of the seismograms for tsunami warning

The complexity in the tsunami phenomenon makes the available warning systems not much effective in the practical situations. The problem arises due to the time lapsed in the data transfer, processing and modeling. The modeling and simulation needs the input fault geometry and mechanism of the earthquake. The estimation of these parameters and other aprior information increases the utilized time for making any warning. Here, the wavelet analysis is used to identify the tsunamigenesis of an earthquake. The frequency content of the seismogram in time scale domain is examined using wavelet transform. The energy content in high frequencies is calculated and gives a threshold for tsunami warnings. Only first few minutes of the seismograms of the earthquake events are used for quick estimation. The results for the earthquake events of Andaman Sumatra region and other historic events are promising

Kinetic studies of penicillin production during batch and repeated batch in fluidized bed bioreactor with agar immobilized <i style="">P. chrysogenum</i> cells

394-399The fermentation kinetics of penicillin production by Penicillium chrysogenum was carried out at 27°C and pH 6.0. Batch and repeated batch fermentations using agar-immobilized cells in fluidized bed bioreactor were studied for their potential application in production of penicillin from lactose, a fermentable sugar. Kinetics of immobilized cell fermentation, showed the penicillin yield of ~0.0155 g/l, with highest penicillin concentration of ~57.09 mg/l and the high reactor productivity of ~23.8 mg/l h-1. Repeated batch fermentation experiments showed that the immobilized biocatalysts could be recycled effectively for 5 cycles. Penicillin yield was 4-5-fold greater by this method of immobilization, with high productivity as compared to free cells and other immobilization methods

Would Makran tsunami skip Mumbai, India? No it would reach 8 minutes later than Ratnagiri

620-623Tsunami from Makran subduction zone in the northern Arabian sea are seen to arrive at Ratnagiri (16°56´24.00˝N, 72°40´12.00˝E) along the west coast of India 8 minutes earlier than Mumbai (18°59´24.00˝N,71°52´12.00˝E) in spite Ratnagiri being 244 km down south of Mumbai. This can give rise to a false signal and could be interpreted as tsunami skipped Mumbai and is traveling towards south. However, this advance information at Ratnagiri could be used for quick evacuation of densely populated coastal areas of Mumbai. Reasons for later arrival of tsunami at Mumbai is mainly due to a wide shelf of greater than 250 km whilst at Ratnagiri the shelf suddenly becomes half that of Mumbai. The importance of shelf width along the west coast of India which plays a great role in the arrival of the tsunami waves and the wave heights at different locations are conferred in the present study

Vulnerability of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. Cosson) to climate variability and future adaptation strategies

A simulation study has been carried out using the InfoCrop mustard model to assess the impact of climate change and adaptation gains and to delineate the vulnerable regions for mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. Cosson) production in India. On an all India basis, climate change is projected to reduce mustard grain yield by ~2 % in 2020 (2010–2039), ~7.9 % in 2050 (2040–2069) and ~15 % in 2080 (2070–2099) climate scenarios of MIROC3.2.HI (a global climate model) and Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies (PRECIS, a regional climate model) models, if no adaptation is followed. However, spatiotemporal variations exist for the magnitude of impacts. Yield is projected to reduce in regions with current mean seasonal temperature regimes above 25/10 °C during crop growth. Adapting to climate change through a combination of improved input efficiency, additional fertilizers and adjusting the sowing time of current varieties can increase yield by ~17 %. With improved varieties, yield can be enhanced by ~25 % in 2020 climate scenario. But, projected benefits may reduce thereafter. Development of short-duration varieties and improved crop husbandry becomes essential for sustaining mustard yield in future climates. As climatically suitable period for mustard cultivation may reduce in future, short-duration (<130 days) cultivars with 63 % pod filling period will become more adaptable. There is a need to look beyond the suggested adaptation strategy to minimize the yield reduction in net vulnerable regions