247 research outputs found
Ultrafast Surface Plasmonic Switch in Non-Plasmonic Metals
We demonstrate that ultrafast carrier excitation can drastically affect
electronic structures and induce brief surface plasmonic response in
non-plasmonic metals, potentially creating a plasmonic switch. Using
first-principles molecular dynamics and Kubo-Greenwood formalism for
laser-excited tungsten we show that carrier heating mobilizes d electrons into
collective inter and intraband transitions leading to a sign flip in the
imaginary optical conductivity, activating plasmonic properties for the initial
non-plasmonic phase. The drive for the optical evolution can be visualized as
an increasingly damped quasi-resonance at visible frequencies for pumping
carriers across a chemical potential located in a d-band pseudo-gap with
energy-dependent degree of occupation. The subsequent evolution of optical
indices for the excited material is confirmed by time-resolved ultrafast
ellipsometry. The large optical tunability extends the existence spectral
domain of surface plasmons in ranges typically claimed in laser self-organized
nanostructuring. Non-equilibrium heating is thus a strong factor for
engineering optical control of evanescent excitation waves, particularly
important in laser nanostructuring strategies
Welfare Spending and Mortality Rates for the Elderly Before the Social Security Era
We analyze the impact of the original means-tested Old Age Assistance (OAA) programs on the health of the elderly prior to the first Social Security pension payments. Before 1935 a number of states had enacted their own OAA laws. After 1935 the federal government began offering matching grants and thus stimulated the adoption of OAA programs by the states. A new panel data set of 75 cities for each year between 1929 and 1938 combines mortality rates for older age groups with three measures of the OAA programs, spending on non-age-specific relief and a rich set of correlates. The data are analyzed using difference-in-difference-in-difference and instrumental variables methods. Our results suggest that Old Age Assistance in the 1930s had little impact on the death rate of the elderly. Our sense is that the OAA programs in the 1930s transferred the elderly from general relief programs without necessarily increasing the resources available to them.
Breast reconstruction on actinic affected territory by using of the latissimus dorsi flap plasty and dermotension (Case report)
Clinica de Chirurgie PlasticÄ Či Microchirurgie ReconstructivÄ, USMF āNicolae TestemiČanuā, ChiČinÄu, Republica Moldova, Al XII-lea Congres al AsociaČiei Chirurgilor āNicolae Anestiadiā din Republica Moldova cu participare internaČionalÄ 23-25 septembrie 2015Caz clinic: Lucrarea reflectÄ cazul clinic al unei femei de 33 ani supusÄ amputaČiei totale de sĆ®n pe motiv oncologic.
Postoperator a urmat 3 cure de radioterapie. La 6 luni de la intervenČia chirurgicalÄ primarÄ a susČinut un examen complex dupÄ
care a primit acordul medical la refacerea plasticÄ a sĆ¢nului. La momentul examinÄrii Ć®n Clinica de chirurgie plasticÄ prezenta
dureri Ć®n regiunea cicatricei rÄmase dupÄ amputaČia sĆ¢nului. La prima etapÄ de tratament s-a decis Ć®nlÄturarea cicatricelor
aderate agresiv de hemitorace Či plastia defectului rÄmas cu un lambou insular din latissimus dorsi. Etapa a doua a urmat dupÄ
obČinerea regenerÄrii primei etape ā implantarea unui expander tisular cu un volum maximal de 500 ml. Etapa a treia a avut loc
dupÄ umplerea balonului expandat. Sub surplusul tegumentar Ć®n schimbul expanderului am plasat o protezÄ mamarÄ.
CunoscĆ¢nd cÄ un component al tratamentului a fost iradierea actinicÄ, temerea pentru Ć®nlaturarea cicatricei Či plastia defectului
cu Česuturi locale era argumentatÄ. Astfel motivaČi am decis sÄ folosim lamboul insular latissimus dorsi din regiunea sÄnÄtoasÄ.
Dimensiunile lui maxime au permis expandarea, care a rezultat cu refacerea sĆ¢nului prin punerea unui implant mamar.
Concluzii: Utilizarea metodelor de chirurgie plasticÄ-reconstructivÄ Či esteticÄ Ć®ntr-o consecutivitate corectÄ permit refacerea
sĆ¢nului dupÄ amputaČii oncologice, chiar dacÄ regiunea marcatÄ este tratatÄ actinic.Clinical case: We present a clinical case of 33 years old female, which was subjected to total breast amputation. After surgery
she followed 3 cycles of radiation therapy. At 6 months after primary surgery she underwent a comprehensive examination after
which has received medical agreement for plastic restoring of the breast. At the moment of the examination she has been
complaining on pain in the region of the scar. In the first stage of the treatment it was decided to remove the aggressive adhered
on hemithorax scars and to do the plasty of the defect with a free latissimus dorsi flap. The second stage was constituted of
implanting a tissue expander. The third stage: under the tissueās excess instead of expander we have placed a mammary
prosthesis. Knowing that one of the treatment factors was actinic radiation, the fear for the removal of the scar and the plasty of
the defect with local tissues was substantiated. Thus, we decided to use latissimus dorsi flap from the healthy region. Its
maximal dimensions have allowed expanding resulting with restoration of the breast by placing a mammary implant.
Conclusion: Using the methods of plastic-reconstructive and aesthetic surgery in a correct order allows the rebuilding of the
breast after oncological amputations, even if the region was exposed to actinic treatment
Treatment of the posttraumatic damage of the pelvic limb in patients with diabetes
Catedra de ortopedie Či traumatologie, USMF āNicolae TestemiČanuā, Clinica de chirurgie plasticÄ Či microchirurgie
reconstructivÄ a locomotorului, IMSP IMU, ChiČinÄu, Republica Moldova, ConferinČa stiinČificÄ āNicolae Anestiadi ā nume etern al chirurgiei basarabeneā consacratÄ centenarului de la naČterea profesorului Nicolae Anestiadi 26 august 2016Introducere. Riscul de fractura a piciorului la persoanele cu diabet zaharat este legat de existenta neuropatiei
diabetice periferice, ce reprezintÄ un factor important in dezvoltarea defectelor piciorului, infecČiilor si
amputaČiilor de membre inferioare
Scop. Analiza defectelor posttraumatice in asociere cu polineuropatia diabetica a membrului pelvin si posibilitÄČi
de acoperire a acestora.
Material Či metodÄ. Cei 15 pacienČi au fost Ć®mpÄrČiČi in 4 categorii: lambouri de vecinÄtate, lambouri la distanta,
plastie cu piele libera despicata, amputaČie. Parametrii urmÄriČi sunt: vĆ¢rsta, sex, tipul diabetului zaharat,
localizarea.
Rezultate. 4 femei si 11 bÄrbaČi au fost repartizaČi in 4 categorii dupÄ tipul intervenČiilor chirurgicale: plastii
cu lambouri de vecinÄtate 4, lambouri la distanta 2, plastie cu piele libera despicata 7, amputaČie 2. Din lotul
total de pacienČi cu diabet zaharat tip II au fost 12 pacienČi, iar 3 pacienČi cu diabet zaharat insulin-dependent.
Cei 15 pacienČi, care au beneficiat de reconstrucČii prin lambouri, au avut defecte la gamba distala si picior, iar
pacienČii care au suferit amputaČie per primam, au avut leziuni la nivelul gambei proximale, care au constat in
necroze tegumentare si de pÄrČi moi, cu afectare osoasa si osteita, semn al gradului avansat al afectÄrii vasculare.
La pacienČii care au beneficiat de plastie cu piele libera despicata, majoritatea defectelor au fost la nivelul gambei
si erau prezente leziuni tegumentare.
Concluzii. Defectele posttraumatice la pacienČii cu polineuropatii diabetice a membrului pelvin pot fi rezolvate
prin plastie cu piele libera despicata, reconstrucČii prin lambouri, astfel rata amputaČiilor scade.Introduction. Leg fracture risk at people with diabetes is related to the existence of diabetic peripheral
neuropathy, which is an important factor in the development of foot defects, infections and amputations of
lower limb.
Purpose. Analysis of the posttraumatic damage coupled with diabetic polyneuropathy of the pelvic limb and
possibilities of healing the defects.
Material and methods. The 15 patients were divided in 4 subgroups according to the type of surgical procedure
performed: split skin grafts, the neighboring flaps, distant flaps, amputation at different levels. The descriptive
parameters included: age, gender, the presence of type I or type II diabetes, the location.
Results. 15 patients included in this study, out of which 4 women and 11 men were divided into four subgroups
based on type of performed surgeries: the neighboring flaps - 4, distant flaps - 2, split skin grafts - 7, amputation
in 2 cases. 12 patients had diabetes of type II, and the remaining 3 patients were insulin dependent. The 6
patients who had reconstruction through flaps, had distal defects (foot or ankle), whereas the patients who
suffered per primam amputation had lesions at the ankle which were skin and soft tissue necrosis, with bone
disease and osteitis, with signs of severe vascular disease. The majority of patients who had benefited from split
skin grafts, suffered from skin lesion at the ankle level.
Conclusions. Posttraumatic defects in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy of the pelvic limb can be treated
through flaps or split skin grafts, so the amputation rate decreases significantly
The Involvement of Epigenetic Mechanisms in HPVāInduced Cervical Cancer
Highārisk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes infection associates with cervical dysplasia and carcinogenesis. hrāHPV transforming potential is based on E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins actions on cellular proteins. A persistent infection with hrāHPV leads to progression from precursor lesions to invasive cervical cancer inducing changes in host genome and epigenome. Pathogenesis and development of cancer associated with both genetic and epigenetic defects alter transcriptional program. An important role for malignant transformation in HPVāinduced cervical cancer is played by epigenetic changes that occur in both viral and host genome. Furthermore, there are observations demonstrating that oncogenic viruses, once they integrated into host genome, become susceptible to epigenetic alterations made by host machinery. Epigenetic regulation of viral gene expression is an important factor in HPVāassociated disease. Gene expression control is complex and involves epigenetic changes: DNA methylation, histone modification, and nonācoding RNAs activity. Persistent infection with hrāHPV can cause viral DNA integration into host genome attracting defense mechanisms such as methylation machinery. In this chapter, we aim to review HPV infection role in chromatin modification/remodeling and the impact of HPV infection on nonācoding RNAs in cervix oncogenesis. The reversible nature of epigenetic alterations provides new opportunities in the development of therapeutic agents targeting epigenetic modification in oncogenesis
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