65 research outputs found
ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL-CAUSED HEALTH DISORDERS
The article reviews the main problem, of environmental hygiene and medical ecology β the absence of unity of methodological approaches to the detection of environmental health, disorders (EHD)
DISORDER OF FUNCTIONAL STATE OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AS A RISK FACTOR IN EMPLOYEES OF SULFATE CELLULOSE PRODUCTION
The functional state of respiratory system, was studied in the employees of sulfate cellulose production, exposed, to the harmful chemical substances β methylsulfuric compounds (MSC), chlorine and chlorodioxide, the lime dust and. the alkaline aerosol. It was found, that the significant disorder prevalence of the external breathing function increasing as the occupational work length, increases and. manifestating as the moderate decrease in the main indices of the pulmonary ventilation, was observed to be in the practically healthy employees exposed, to a chemical factor. The significant influence on the functional state of respiratory system, may exert the smoking effect factor exaggerating the influence of a chemical factor
Indices of oxidative stress state in employees working at modern production of sulfate cellulose
The products of free radical oxidation are known to exert the harmful effect on the cellular membranes which, in turn, may promote the development of the pathological processes at the level of the whole organism. The excessive process activation of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) may occur under the influence of many factors including the chemical ones, thereto, it is supposed that the LPO products may promote the toxic effects of different chemical compounds which may enter the organism from outside. The studies of the LPO state in the employees of Pulp and Paper productions were not performed. This study aimed to investigate the change features of LPO and the indices of the antioxidant defense in the employees of the main occupations at the production of sulfate cellulose exposed mainly to the methylsulfuric compounds (MSC). The study objects were the employees of main occupations of the sulfate cellulose production in Eastern Siberia. The system state of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was assessed using the determination of the primary, intermediate and final LPO products in blood plasma. The activity of the antiperoxide ferment of glutathione reductase (GR) as well as the content of SH - glutathione in the blood and the common SH - groups of the whole blood were determined to assess the state of the antioxidant defense. Statistical processing the data was performed using the computer software STATISTICA v. 6 for WINDOWS by means of the average value calculation, the standard errors of the average values, the significance assessment of the differences was performed using the STUDENTs Criterium. The significant accumulation of the primary, intermediate and final LPO products in the blood plasma was found to occur in the employees exposed to the chemical factor. Thereto, the significant decrease in the activity of glutathione reductase antiperoxide ferment of thiol disulfide metabolism as well as of SH - glutathione and the significant content decrease in the common SH-groups in blood were revealed in the employees of the boiling shifts exposed to MSC compared to the control and comparison groups. The significant statistical content dependence of the intermediate and final LPO products in the blood as well as the antioxidants on the long- term exposure to the chemical factor has been revealed. The more significant products accumulation of LPO and the index decrease in the antioxidant defense was observed to be in the employees with working period more than 10 years exposed mainly to MSC
ROLE OF SENSORY CONFLICT IN FORMING OF HEALTH DISORDERS IN EMPLOYEES EXPOSED BY PHYSICAL FACTORS
The article presents the results of the study of psychological status, centra! and peripheral nervous systems, neuromuscular apparatus in patients with vibration-induced, disease and sensorineural deafness of occupational genesis. The dynamics of forming of changes in these systems with the increase of vibration and. noise doses in the experiment on laboratory animals is showed. The results allowed, to supplement and. extend, the ideas about the conception of Β«sensory conflictΒ»
Functional Sensory-Motor Performance Following Long Term Space Flight: The First Results of "Field Test" Experiment
The effect that extended-duration space flights may have on human space travelers, including exploration missions, is widely discussed at the present time. Specifically, there is an increasing amount of evidence showing that the physical capacity of cosmonauts is significantly reduced after long-duration space flights. It is evident that the most impaired functions are those that rely on gravity, particularly up right posture and gait. Because of the sensorimotor disturbances manifested in the neurology of the posture and gait space flight and postflight changes may also be observed in debilitating motion sickness. While the severity of particular symptoms varies, disturbances in spatial orientation and alterations in the accuracy of voluntary movements are persistently observed after long-duration space flights. At this time most of the currently available data are primarily descriptive and not yet suitable for predicting operational impacts of most sensorimotor decrements observed upon landing on planetary surfaces or asteroids. In particular there are no existing data on the recovery dynamics or functionality of neurological, cardiovascular or muscle performance making it difficult to model or simulate the cosmonauts' activity after landing and develop the appropriate countermeasure that will ensure the rapid and safe recovery of crewmembers immediately after landing in what could be hostile environments. However and as a starting position, the videos we have acquired during recent data collection following the long duration flights of cosmonauts and astronauts walking and performing other tasks shortly after return from space flight speak volumes about their level of deconditioning. A joint Russian-American team has developed a new study specifically to address the changes in crewmembers performance and the recovery of performance with the intent of filling the missing data gaps. The first (pilot) phase of this study includes recording body kinematics and quantifying the coordination and timing of relatively simple basic movements - transition from seated and prone positions to standing, walking, stepping over obstacles, tandem walking, muscle compliance, as well as characteristics of postural sway and orthostatic tolerance. Testing for changes in these parameters have been initiated in the medical tent at the landing site. The first set of experiments showed that during the first hour after landing, cosmonauts and astronauts were able to execute (although slower and with more effort than preflight) simple movements such as egress from a seated or prone position and also to remain standing for 3.5 minutes without exhibiting pronounced cardiovascular changes. More challenging tests, however, demonstrated a prominent reduction in coordination - the obstacle task, for example, was performed at much slower speed and with a marked overestimation of the obstacle height and tandem walking was greatly degraded suggesting significant changes in proprioception, brainstem and vestibular function. There is some speculation that the neural changes, either from the bottom-up or top down may be long lasting; requiring compensatory responses that will modify or mask the adverse responses we have observed. Furthermore, these compensatory responses may actually be beneficial, helping achieve a more rapid adaptation to both weightlessness and a return to earth
Morphofunctional changes in the tissue of the brain, liver and kidneys of white rats under the influence of selenium nanocomposite encapsulated in the polymer matrix of arabinogalactan
Introduction. Due to their high biocompatibility, substances based on nanosized selenium particles, encapsulated in natural or synthetic polymer matrices, areΒ promising materials for the creation of biomedical preparations of diagnostic andΒ therapeutic value. Selenium nanoparticles are successfully used in the diagnosis of various types of cancer. In addition to the diagnostic value, selenium nanoparticles have their own prophylactic and oncological effect. This paper presents the results ofΒ aΒ study of the toxicity of the Se nanocomposite encapsulated in the polymer matrix of arabinogalactan (SeAG). The emergence and development of the pathological process in the tissue of the brain, liver and kidneys during subacute administration of this nanocomposite was studied.Materials and methods. Twenty white outbred male rats weighing 200β220Β g were used in the work. Animals were orally administered a solution of the selenium nanocomposite at a dose of 500Β ΞΌg per kilogram of animal body weight for 10Β days. Then, using the methods of histological analysis, the severity of the biological response ofΒ the organism to the introduction of this nanocomposite was assessed. AnΒ analysis of the state of the tissue of the liver, kidneys and the sensorimotor cortex of the brain was carried out.Results. With the intragastric administration of this drug, there is stasis of blood inΒ the portal tracts, a pronounced macrophage reaction and diapedesis of leukocytes inΒ the liver tissue. There is a decrease in the number of normal neurons per unit area, a decrease in the number of astroglia cells and an increase in the number ofΒ degeneratively altered neurons in the tissue of the sensorimotor cortex. There isΒ also anΒ increase in connective tissue in the cortex of the kidney, with the formation ofΒ fibrosis and aΒ decrease in the area of the ShumlyanskyΒ βΒ Bowman capsule.Conclusion. The effect of the investigated nanocomposite is characterized by the development of a pronounced pathological process in the central nervous and hepatorenal systems of the body
From experimental biomodeling to personalized medicine
This article presents the results of experimental studies of adverse effects of environmental and occupational exposures on the morphofunctional state of the central nervous system in offspring rats. The results of this study show that newborn offspring of rats exposed to vinyl chloride and mercuric chloride lagged behind the controls in sensory-motor development. There was violated the whole structure of behavior in adult offspring characterized by reduces motor and exploratory activity, increased anxiety in rats. There was abnormal impulse conduction in the neuromuscular apparatus of the hind legs of albino rats and morphological changes in the structure of nervous tissue. Developmental disorders in the offspring may be associated with the processes of accumulation, influence on the genetic apparatus of cells or mediated by epigenetic mechanisms of CNS disorders. A comparative study of the behavioral and cognitive effects of toluene, cerebral bioelectrical activity in rats with a normal embryogenesis and background prenatal hypoxia has been found that toluene neurotoxicity are more pronounced in adult rats exposed to chronic prenatal hypoxia. The results suggest a possible decrease in the sensitivity of neurons to the action of neurotoxicants because of prenatal hypoxic damage. The significance of experimental modeling is to develop approaches to personalized medicine, because knowledge of the previous prenatal pathology or neurointoxication of parents allow study of individual measures of prevention, treatment, and decisions about employment of the younger generation
RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES OF STUDYING THE OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES IN WORKERS OF AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY IN EAST SIBERIA
The materials of the long-studies among the employees working in the aircraft industry, of both the patients with occupational diseases and the practically healthy persons are discussed in the paper. Using the method of the biological feedback for the vibration-induced disease prevention has been grounded. The preliminary results of the experimental studies using the animals are presented in this paper
Recovery of Functional Sensorimotor Performance Following Long Duration Space Flight (Field Test)
No abstract availabl
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ f ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° -ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ (ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ)
The analysis of the use of the method for the evaluation of specific (immunogenic) activity of vaccines for preventing tick-borne encephalitis (TBE vaccines) against protective dilution (PD50) and the minimum immunizing dose (MID50) has been performed. The method was standardized and submitted to the regulatory documents for TBE vaccines authorized in the Russian Federation. When analyzing the results of the study of specific (immunogenic) activity of TBE vaccines (107 TBE vaccine batches by different manufacturers have been studied) it was confirmed that the choice of real lethal dose (RLD50) indicator of TBE virus (test strain Β«AbsettarovΒ») in the range of 100-3000 LD50, the reasonability of using BALB /c cell-line mice, the effectiveness of the national method of determining immunogenicity in terms of MlD50 for TBE vaccines authorized in the Russian Federation. The reasonability of using immunogenicity reference standard for TBE-OSO 42-28-48 to assess the reproducibility of the experiments, and the homogeneity of laboratory animals in terms of quality. Methods for determining TBE vaccine immunogenicity (Β«specific activity (immunogenicity)Β» in terms of PD50 and MID50 is applicable both for Russian commercial TBE vaccines and for FSME-Immun vaccine, manufactured by Β«Baxter Vaccine AGΒ», Austria.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ (ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ) Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ° (Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΠ) ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΠ 50) ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ (ΠΠΠ50). ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΠ. ΠΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ (ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ) Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΠ (ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 107 ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΠ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ) ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ: Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ (Π ΠΠ50) Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΠΠ (ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Β«ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Β») Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
100-3000 ΠΠ50, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ BALB/Ρ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΠΠ50 Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΠ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΠ - ΠΠ‘Π 42-28-48 Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΠ (ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Β«Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ (ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ)Β» ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΠ 50 ΠΈ ΠΠΠ50 ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΠ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π€Π‘ΠΠ-ΠΠΌΠΌΡΠ½, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΠΒ», ΠΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
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