110 research outputs found
Dispersive Shock Wave, Generalized Laguerre Polynomials and Asymptotic Solitons of the Focusing Nonlinear Schr\"odinger Equation
We consider dispersive shock wave to the focusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger
equation generated by a discontinuous initial condition which is periodic or
quasi-periodic on the left semi-axis and zero on the right semi-axis. As an
initial function we use a finite-gap potential of the Dirac operator given in
an explicit form through hyper-elliptic theta-functions. The paper aim is to
study the long-time asymptotics of the solution of this problem in a vicinity
of the leading edge, where a train of asymptotic solitons are generated. Such a
problem was studied in \cite{KK86} and \cite{K91} using Marchenko's inverse
scattering technics. We investigate this problem exceptionally using the
Riemann-Hilbert problems technics that allow us to obtain explicit formulas for
the asymptotic solitons themselves that in contrast with the cited papers where
asymptotic formulas are obtained only for the square of absolute value of
solution. Using transformations of the main RH problems we arrive to a model
problem corresponding to the parametrix at the end points of continuous
spectrum of the Zakharov-Shabat spectral problem. The parametrix problem is
effectively solved in terms of the generalized Laguerre polynomials which are
naturally appeared after appropriate scaling of the Riemann-Hilbert problem in
a small neighborhoods of the end points of continuous spectrum. Further
asymptotic analysis give an explicit formula for solitons at the edge of
dispersive wave. Thus, we give the complete description of the train of
asymptotic solitons: not only bearing envelope of each asymptotic soliton, but
its oscillating structure are found explicitly. Besides the second term of
asymptotics describing an interaction between these solitons and oscillating
background is also found. This gives the fine structure of the edge of
dispersive shock wave.Comment: 36 pages, 5 figure
Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΠ° Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ
Π‘ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΠ° Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ. Π¦Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
, ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΊ ΡΠ° Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎ-Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ², Π΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ². ΠΠ° Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ² Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ· Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ Π³ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π± ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ² Π· Π½Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΠ° (ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΊΠ°) ΡΠ° ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ. Π‘ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
.The task of developments is creation of optimum construction of scintiscanner of laser ray and method of determination of its parameters and terms of irradiation. District, rural clinics and hospitals can be interested in them, because its application and service are problematic and difficult on a construction and the processor management of devices. Instead of them simple and original laser scintiscanners constructions are developed providing permanent energy density in the irradiation area which are intended for the necessities of medical establishments with small profits. The parameters of scintiscanner (drive, managing cam profile) and terms of irradiation are determined by the developed method. The created constructions are cheap, simple in making and technological during exploitation and can be used instead of scintiscanners with programmable drives. They are tested in clinical terms.Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΠ° Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎ-Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². ΠΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΠ° (ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΊΠ°) ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Detection of Functional Significance of Coronary Stenoses Using Dynamic 13N-Ammonia Stress-PET/CT with Absolute Values of Myocardial Blood Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve
Objectives. The aim of the study was to compare the values of myocardial blood flow (MBF) at stress, MBF at rest and coronary flow reserve (CFR) obtained by 13Nammonia stress-PET/CT in patients with various degrees of coronary stenosis and in healthy patients. And thus to estimate the possible contribution of the stress-PET/CT quantitative data to the detection of functionally significant coronary stenoses in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and methods. 63 patients (mean age 64Β±9 years) with known CAD underwent dynamic 13N-ammonia stress-PET/CT followed by calculation of MBF both at stress and at rest in absolute units and CFR. We compared quantitative values in two groups of patients with coronary artery stenosis: 1) β₯75% (n = 36) and 2) <75% (n = 27) confirmed by invasive coronary angiography and in group of healthy patients (n = 11). Results. MBF at stress was significantly lower in group with β₯75% diameter stenoses (median 1,44 [1,21; 1,85] mL/min per g) compared with group with <75% diameter stenoses (2,42 [1,75; 2,89] mL/min/g) and the normal group (2,54 [2,31; 2,86] mL/min/g), (p <0,001). There was no reliable difference in MBF at rest between the three groups (p = NS). CFR was significantly lower in the group of patients with severe β₯75% stenoses (1,85 [1,54; 2,31]) in comparison with patients group with stenoses of intermediate <75% severity (2,73 [2,19; 3,21]), and also in comparison with the normal group (3,12 [2,75; 3,23]), (p <0,001). Conclusion. The values of MBF at stress and CFR are significantly lower in patients with severe coronary arteries stenoses comparing with the group of patients with mild and moderate stenoses. The value of MBF at rest used independently has no diagnostic utility for detection of functional significance of coronary artery stenoses.
Keywords: myocardial blood flow, coronary flow reserve, PET/CT, 13N-ammonia, coronary stenosis
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Based on the assessment of radiological, computed tomographic, magnetic resonance, ultrasonic and other methods of radial diagnostics 3820 patients with various respiratory diseases were examined. Radiological syndromes of the diseases were classified. An algorithm was created for usage of the methods depending on clinical situation. A diagnostic logic is demonstrated on the example of the lung transparence disturbance syndrome.ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 3820 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°
Π£Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ , Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Forty-nine patients with various pulmonary, pleural and mediastinal pathology were examined with ultrasound. The ultrasonic approach was chosen after radiological and computed tomographic results had been analyzed. Ultrasound is a highly effective method for determination of cystic changes, lung cancer spreading, differentiation of various pleural diseases, differential diagnostics of retrosternal goitre, thymomas and lymphomas. This method is an important part of radial diagnostics of respiratory diseases. Its data make an origin of pathology more precise.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 49 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ . Π£ΠΠ β Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠ±Π°, ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ β Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
The purpose: the estimation of a computed tomography(CT) signs of hepatic calcification hemangioma.Β Material andΒ methods. Retrospectively results of CTΒ with bolus contrastΒ enhancement for examination hepaticΒ calcified lesions of the 36Β patients were analyzed.Β Results. As a basis for the retrospectiveΒ analysis,Β the semiotic signs of patients, in which the hemangiomaΒ calcification developed during the dynamic CTΒ monitoring,Β were used. As shown by the analysis, the center ofΒ calcificationΒ in combination with the cloisonne structures leading theΒ arterial vessel, the decrease in the area of the focal lesion inΒ the portovenous phase due to the vascular structures alongΒ the periphery of the focus are the criteria of calcifiedΒ hemangioma.Β In 11 of 36 patients, calcified foci in the liverΒ turned out to be hemangiomas.Conclusion. More than 30% calcifications in the liverΒ detected at CT can be calcification hemangioma.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ (ΠΠ’) ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΈΒ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΠ’-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ 36Β Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Β Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ’ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈΒ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ’ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ cΒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Β Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈΒ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Β ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ’- ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉΒ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΒ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈΒ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°Β ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ. Π£ 11 ΠΈΠ· 36 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Β ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΒ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ’ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡΒ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΒ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
Metastasises small cell lung cancer, revealed at multislises computer tomography (MSCT)
For the purpose of specification of possibilities of MSCT in revealing metastases, estimation of semiotics of metastatic lesion of various organs by small cell lung cancer by means of MSCT it has been examined 372 patients (348 men, 24 women) with hystologically verified SCLC aging from 29 to 81 years. Metastases have been revealed in 205 of 372 patients (55,1 %). Most frequently in lungs - 97 patients (47,32 %), in 45 (21,95 % ) patients metastases were revealed in adrenal glands, in 67 (32,68 % ) patients metastases were revealed in brain, in 53 (25,85 % ) - in liver, in 39 (19 % ) patients - in bone. In 178 (86,83 % ) cases have been revealed plural metastases, at 145 patients that has made 70,7 % from all patients with metastases - metastases had several localizations. Metastases in liver, adrenal glands, bones had typical semiotics, around metastases in brain from 21,95 % of cases was not defined an edema, lesion did not cause dislocation syndrome. It distinguished metastases SCLC. Research has shown high sensitivity in revealing of metastases on MSCT and high prevalence of metastatic lesion at SCLC.Π‘ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ /1 Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ‘ΠΠ’ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 372 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
(348 ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½, 24 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ) Ρ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 29 Π΄ΠΎ 81 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ 205 ΠΈΠ· 372 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
(55,1%). ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ β 97 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ (47,32%), Ρ 45 (21,95%) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π² Π½Π°Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Ρ 67 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (32,68%) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³, Ρ 53 (25,85%) - Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, Ρ 39 (19%) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² - Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π 178 (86,83%) ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ, Ρ 145 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 70,7 % ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ - ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π½Π°Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΡ, Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ Ρ 21,95% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΠ‘ΠΠ’ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ /1
Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²
The considered model is used in manual development of application specifications and is based on the theory of basic protocols and respective symbolic verification tools. Means to limit the behavioral characteristics of the model still matching the source requirements are discussed. If the model is verified successfully, the executable code of the application and the respective test code are generated from the model. The technique of using the developed model is described.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π.Π. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ
- β¦