48 research outputs found
Cytokine status in posttraumatic synovitis on the background of systemic and intra-articular use of NSAID and ozone
Joint damage initiates aseptic self-sustaining inflammation, which contributes the progression of post-traumatic destruction of tissues not only in the pathological focus, but also outside it, significantly expanding the zone of degenerative changes due to secondary alterations. One of the leading roles in pathogenesis of the inflammation belongs to secreted mediators-cytokines – that impart to the cells the proinflammatory potential and promote the long-term inflammation. These effects lead to disorganization of extracellular matrix and progressive disintegration of cartilage. In this regard, the development and implementation of new pathogenetic treatment methods of post-traumatic synovitis permits to limit the area of secondary alterations and activate reparative mechanisms in the lesion from the early terms, thus potentially improving the results of rehabilitation treatment and increasing efficiency of conventional therapy in post-traumatic synovitis. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have proven the effectiveness and safety of ozone therapy, e.g., in degenerative joint diseases. Despite extensive data highlighting effectiveness of ozone therapy in articular pathology, the study of cytokine profile when using this treatment of posttraumatic synovitis was performed only in few works, thus emphasizing the prospects for further research in this direction. The study was aimed for investigation of cytokine status in the patients with posttraumatic synovitis subjected to intravenous and intraarticular ozone therapy in combination with intra-articular administration of xefocam.The work is based on the results of examination and treatment of 69 patients with traumatic injuries of the knee joint, complicated by development of post-traumatic synovitis. Two study groups were formed, comparable in volume and type of joint injury. The patients from group I (35 cases) received conventional combined treatment. Among the mandatory measures, evacuation of a synovial-hemorrhagic punctate was performed from the cavity of damaged joint. Conservative therapy included NSAIDs, medications that improve microcirculation, at standard dosages, as well as physical therapy. In group II (34 patients), traditional therapy was supplemented with a 10-day course of intravenous injectable ozone therapy with 200 ml of NaCl solution at a concentration of 2.0 mg/l daily and intra-articular ozone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/l in a volume of 20 ml 5 times in a day. During arthroscopy, lavage of the joint cavity was performed with ozonated saline solution at a concentration of 2.0 mg/l. The ozone therapy was combined with three intra-articular injections of xefocam at a dose of 8 mg, once every 4 days. A patent for the invention was obtained for this treatment technology (No. 2456988 of 27.07.12). The cytokine profile was evaluated by the content of Pro-inflammatory (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17), regulatory (IL-2), Il-1β receptor antagonist, and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with an indicator label in the form of peroxidase. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the Student criterion. Combined therapy of intravenous and intraarticular ozone therapy in combination with intra-articular injections of xefocam contributed to the inhibition of the inflammatory response, which is reflected in the dynamics of depression of the studied cytokines: simultaneous reduction of proinflammatory cytokines with the limitation of the growth of anti-inflammatory mediators. The final measurements showed a decrease in the content of proinflammatory cytokines: TNFα by 24.6% (p2 < 0.001); IL-17, by 17.3% (p2 < 0.01); IL-6, by 20.1% (p2 < 0.001); IL-1β, by 19.1% (p2 < 0.001), with a decrease in regulatory IL-2 by 25.7% (p2 < 0.001) and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL–10, by 21.3% (p2 < 0.001); Il – 4, by 25.7% (p2 < 0.001); IL-1ra, by 24.4% (p2 < 0.001), when compared to the data obtained with conventional treatment. The results obtained allow us to evaluate this method as highly effective in the treatment of post-traumatic synovitis, thus contributing to suppression of inflammatory response and reduces the secondary alteration of joint tissue structures, preventing the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis
Rapid ecological change in the coastal zone of Lake Baikal (East Siberia): Is the site of the world\u27s greatest freshwater biodiversity in danger?
Ecological degradation of the benthic littoral zone is an emerging, urgent problem at Lake Baikal (East Siberia), the most species-rich lake on Earth. Within the last five years, multiple changes have occurred in the nearshore benthos where most of the lake\u27s endemic species reside. These changes include proliferation of benthic algae, deaths of snails and endemic sponges, large coastal wash-ups of dead benthic algae and macrophytes, blooms of toxin-producing benthic cyanobacteria, and inputs of industrial contaminants into parts of the lake. Some changes, such as massive coastal accumulations of benthic algae, are currently shared with the Laurentian Great Lakes (LGLs); however, the drivers of these changes differ between Lake Baikal and the LGLs. Coastal eutrophication from inputs of untreated sewage is causing problems at multiple sites in Lake Baikal, whereas in the LGLs, invasive dreissenid mussels redirect pelagic nutrients to the littoral substrate. At other locations in Lake Baikal, ecological degradation may have different causes including water level fluctuations and the input of toxic industrial contaminants. Importantly, the recent deterioration of the benthic littoral zone in both Lake Baikal and the LGLs has occurred while little change has occurred offshore. This highlights the necessity of monitoring both the littoral and pelagic zones of large lakes for assessing ecosystem health, change and conservation
ВЛИЯНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ ЛИГАТУРЫ AlSi20 НА МИКРОСТРУКТУРУ И ВЯЗКОСТЬ МОДЕЛЬНОГО СИЛУМИНА Al–6%Si В ТВЕРДОМ И ЖИДКОМ СОСТОЯНИЯХ
The effect of the structure of initial charging Al–20wt.%Si alloys on their structure after single remelting and crystallization at equal cooling rate of 20 °C/sec has been investigated. It is found that the structural information from initial charging alloys is steadily saved and transmitted in the «solid–liquid-solid» system. Viscosimetric study of the melts produced from large- and fine-crystalline charging alloys at heating to 1350 °С and subsequent cool-down has confirmed the conclusion that the melts are translators of the structural information. It is found that the temperature of viscosity polyterm branching (hysteresis) (th) at the conditions of heating and cool-down for the melt from coarse-crystalline charging alloy is 1100 °C and that from fine-crystalline charging alloy is 1000 °C. It is noted that in the second case and at cool-down lower than th the viscosity is characterized by elevated values and the polyterm branch has steeper climb. The obtained results testify in favor of using special procedures of charging metal processing for the purpose of embedding the positive structural information into them. Application of this approach is mostly expedient in producing aluminum based foundry alloys.Исследовано влияние структуры исходных шихтовых сплавов Al–20мас.%Si на их структуру после однократного переплава и кристаллизации с одинаковой скоростью охлаждения 20 °С/с. Установлено, что структурная информация от исходных шихтовых сплавов устойчиво сохраняется и транслируется в системе «твердое–жидкое–твердое». Вискозиметрическое изучение расплавов, полученных из крупно- и мелкокристаллических шихтовых сплавов в режиме нагрева до 1350 °С и последующего охлаждения, подтвердило вывод о том, то расплавы являются трансляторами структурной информации. Установлено, что температура ветвления (гистерезис) политерм вязкости (tг) в режимах нагрева и охлаждения для расплава из крупнокристаллического шихтового сплава составляет 1100 °С, а из мелкокристаллического шихтового сплава – 1000 °С. Отмечено, что во втором случае вязкость в режиме охлаждения ниже tг характеризуется повышенными значениями, а ветвь политермы имеет более крутое восхождение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют в пользу использования специальных способов обработки шихтовых металлов с целью закладки в них положительной структурной информации. Применение данного подхода наиболее целесообразно при получении лигатур на основе алюминия.
Effect of Heating Temperature and Modification of Al – 27% Cu – 6% Si Melt on the Structure and Phase Composition of Crystallized Specimens
A FRW Dark Fluid with a Non-Linear Inhomogeneous Equation of State
A dark Friedman-Robertson-Walker fluid governed by a non-linear inhomogeneous
equation of state is considered which can be viewed as a conveniently simple
paradigm for a whole class of models which exhibit phase transitions from a
non-phantom towards a phantom era (superacceleration transition). From another
side, such dark fluid models may describe also quintessence-like cosmic
acceleration. Thermodynamical considerations for the processes involved, which
are of great importance in the characterization of the global evolution of the
corresponding universe, are given too. Connecting the proposed equation of
state with an anisotropic Kasner universe with viscosity, we are led to the
plausible conjecture of a dark fluid origin of the anisotropies in the early
universe.Comment: 11 pages pdf, 2 figures; to appear in Eur. Phys. J.
Effect of Heating Temperature and Modification of Al-27% Cu-6% Si Melt on the Structure and Phase Composition of Crystallized Specimens
The effect of liquid-phase treatment of Al - 27 wt.% Cu - 6 wt.% Si melt used for making A34 solder on the structure and phase composition of crystallized specimens is studied. Pioneer data are obtained on the changes in the microstructure of the alloy due to its direct heating on the specimen stage of an NTEGRA Therma scanning probe microscope at 150 and 300A degrees C
Effect of Heating Temperature and Modification of Al-27% Cu-6% Si Melt on the Structure and Phase Composition of Crystallized Specimens
The effect of liquid-phase treatment of Al - 27 wt.% Cu - 6 wt.% Si melt used for making A34 solder on the structure and phase composition of crystallized specimens is studied. Pioneer data are obtained on the changes in the microstructure of the alloy due to its direct heating on the specimen stage of an NTEGRA Therma scanning probe microscope at 150 and 300A degrees C