SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME (SIRS) IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF NONSPECIFIC PURULENT DISEASES OF SPINE

Main clinical syndromes of non-specific purulent diseases of spine are neurological, including pain (vertebrogenous) syndrome and syndrome of systemic inflammatory response. All patients were divided into two groups: 1st - control group (50 patients with non-specific purulent diseases of spine without syndrome of systemic inflammatory response), 2nd - main group (70 patients with non-specific purulent diseases with syndrome of systemic inflammatory response). Main indications for the operation were surgical decompression of neurovascular formations of spine canal and. sanation of suppurative focus in vertebras. Complex approach to the treatment of septic patients by optimization of surgical tactics and. choice of susceptible antibacterial therapy allows to achieve positive outcomes of surgical treatment in most cases

Spinal epidural abscess. Modern aspects of diagnostics and rendering of the specialized help

Improvement of results of treatment spinal epidural abscesses was the purpose of this study. At the first stage prognostic factors of outcomes of surgical treatment spinal abscesses in group of patients of 20 persons have been retrospectively analyzed. The algorithm of diagnostics and treatment tactics of spinal abscesses has been developed on the basis of results of the analysis. At the second stage results of treatment of others of 25 patients have been analyzed as compare with controls. It was found that patients of group 2 had good and satisfactory outcomes of treatment (80 %) in comparison with group 1 (55 %). Besides it was revealed reduction of unsatisfactory results from 45 % in 1 group to 20 % in 2 group (p <0,05). Results of this study suggest that using of specially developed algorithm of diagnostics and treatment of patients with spinal abscesses, including improvement of intensive therapy of complicated septic forms, help to improve results of treatment of these disorders at specialized department and reduce quantity of unsatisfactory outcomes in Sverdlovsk region.Целью работы было улучшение результатов лечения спинальных эпидуральных абсцессов. Дизайн исследования - открытое, проспективное исследование с ретроспективным контролем. На первом этапе исследования были ретроспективно проанализированы прогностические факторы исходов хирургического лечения спинальных эпидуральных абсцессов в группе пациентов из 20 человек. На основании результатов анализа был разработан и внедрен алгоритм диагностики и тактики лечения при спинальных эпидуральных абсцессах. На втором этапе были проанализированы результаты лечения других 25 больных, и выполнено сравнение полученных данных с показателями контрольной группы, оперированных до внедрения алгоритма. Во 2 группе пациентов наблюдали больше хороших и удовлетворительных исходов лечения (80%) в сравнении с 1 группой (55%), и снижение неудовлетворительных результатов с 45% в 1 группе до 20% во 2 группе (р<0.05). За счет применения накопленного опыта лечения пациентов со спинальными эпидуральными абсцессами и улучшения интенсивной терапии осложненных септических форм, а также внедрения алгоритма диагностики и тактики при в поликлиниках и стационарах Свердловской области, удалось сократить продолжительность заболевания до момента оказания специализированной помощи, сформировать поток больных в специализированный стационар и сократить количество неудовлетворительных исходов

The fire toxicity of polyurethane foams [Review]

Polyurethane is widely used, with its two major applications, soft furnishings and insulation, having low thermal inertia, and hence enhanced flammability. In addition to their flammability, polyurethanes form carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and other toxic products on decomposition and combustion. The chemistry of polyurethane foams and their thermal decomposition are discussed in order to assess the relationship between the chemical and physical composition of the foam and the toxic products generated during their decomposition. The toxic product generation during flaming combustion of polyurethane foams is reviewed, in order to relate the yields of toxic products and the overall fire toxicity to the fire conditions. The methods of assessment of fire toxicity are outlined in order to understand how the fire toxicity of polyurethane foams may be quantified. In particular, the ventilation condition has a critical effect on the yield of the two major asphyxiants, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanid

Structural studies of thermally stable, combustion-resistant polymer composites

Composites of the industrially important polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), were prepared by free-radical polymerization of MMA with varying amounts (1–30 wt. %) of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT or AOT) surfactant added to the reaction mixture. The composites with AOT incorporated show enhanced resistance to thermal degradation compared to pure PMMA homopolymer, and micro-cone combustion calorimetry measurements also show that the composites are combustion-resistant. The physical properties of the polymers, particularly at low concentrations of surfactant, are not significantly modified by the incorporation of AOT, whereas the degradation is modified considerably for even the smallest concentration of AOT (1 wt. %). Structural analyses over very different lengthscales were performed. X-ray scattering was used to determine nm-scale structure, and scanning electron microscopy was used to determine μm-scale structure. Two self-assembled species were observed: large phase-separated regions of AOT using electron microscopy and regions of hexagonally packed rods of AOT using X-ray scattering. Therefore, the combustion resistance is observed whenever AOT self-assembles. These results demonstrate a promising method of physically incorporating a small organic molecule to obtain a highly thermally stable and combustion-resistant material without significantly changing the properties of the polymer