Assessment of operational reliability of quarry excavator-dump truck complexes

The method proposed in the article is based on the mathematical apparatus for quantitative assessment of the reliability of majority schemes of structural redundancy of transport processes, which provide the availability and usage of several backup delivery channels in the transport process in case of any malfunction. The principle of multi-channel haulage is commonly used in quarries for transportation of overburden and minerals from benches by dump trucks, when excavators and dump trucks performing cyclic operations function as a single excavator-dump truck complex. This pattern of work significantly increases the likelihood of fulfilling the daily plan for transporting rock mass due to the redistribution of dump trucks between mining and overburden excavators in the event of failure of one or more units of mining and handling equipment. The reliability of excavator-dump truck complexes is assessed in three stages: initial data collection for mathematical modeling of excavator-dump truck complex performance; solving the problem of optimizing the distribution of dump trucks between excavators, ensuring maximum productivity of the excavator-dump truck complex; assessment of the reliability of its work depending on the probability of fulfilling the daily plan for the transportation of rock mass. The proposed method is implemented as part of a computer program and makes it possible to automate the operational management of the process of transporting rock mass in a quarry using a mobile application. The developed guidelines can be used for any quarries with automobile transport, regardless of the type of mineral extracted, the mining method, the loading pattern, the capacity of the excavation and loading equipment fleet, and the capacity of operated dump trucks

Optimization of live cargo transportation by road transport

A significant part of the loss of live cargo (poultry) occurs in the process of its transportation by road to the processing plant. Currently, there are no studies of the factors that determine these losses, a mathematical model for optimizing the density of live cargo placement in a transport container, a method for managing delays at various stages of transportation, taking into account the structure of a modern poultry complex and the level of automation of its communication systems. In this regard, it can be argued that the purpose of this study, which is to increase the efficiency of transportation of live cargo by road by controlling the duration of transportation operations and optimizing the density of placement of live cargo in a transport container, is aimed at solving an urgent scientific and practical problem. Theoretical studies are carried out on the basis of the analysis of scientific and regulatory and technical literature, the legal framework, systemic, statistical, factorial and technical and economic analysis, mathematical modeling of the transport process. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of an operating enterprise using the methods of mathematical statistics, computer modeling, field observations. The main results that have scientific novelty are: the dependence of the losses of the transported cargo on delays in loading, moving and unloading the poultry carrier, taking into account the effective ambient temperature and the specific properties of the cargo; mathematical model for optimizing the density of placement of live cargo in a transport container; a method for managing delays at various stages of the transportation of live cargo by road. Further research is supposed to be carried out in the direction of the development of intellectual support for the management of transportation, both of live poultry within the boundaries of the enterprise, and of finished products

Исследование онтологии логистики историко-генетическим методом

The objective of the study is to establish the origin and evolution of the term «logistics», understood as management of material flows and stocks. The historical-genetic method and content analysis were used in the study of available sourcesThe inconsistency of assumptions about the origin of the name «logistics» in the modern interpretation from ancient Greece and the Byzantine Empire is shown. There is also no connection between the mathematical logic developed by Leibniz and the content of logistics in economics and military affairs. The illegitimacy of explaining the evolution of the term «logistics» by random coincidences of words that are homonyms and related to different historical eras and countries has been established.The priority of G. V. Jomini in formulation of the principles of logistics in his works on the art of war, written after emigration to the Russian Empire, is confirmed. Due to the spread of Jomini’s works in the countries of the world, logistics began to develop in its modern form, initially in the military sphere, and then in economic activity.The reasons that led to intensive development of logistics during the Second World War and in the post­war period are systematized. Differences in priorities during these periods in the countries of the world are studied. Two main trends were identified, one of which was to use the competitive advantages of logistics in a market environment, and the other to ensure spatial connectivity and transport accessibility of territories.Цель исследования состоит в установлении происхождения и эволюции термина «логистика», понимаемой как управление материальными потоками и запасами. Использован историко-генетический метод и контент-анализ в изучении имеющихся источников.Показана несостоятельность предположений о происхождении наименования «логистика» в современной трактовке из античной Греции и Византийской империи. Также отсутствует связь разрабатываемой Лейбницем математической логики с содержанием логистики в экономике и военном деле. Установлена неправомерность объяснения эволюции термина «логистика» случайными совпадениями слов, являющихся омонимами и относящихся к разным историческим эпохам и странам.Подтверждён приоритет Г. В. Жомини в формулировке принципов логистики в его работах по военному искусству, написанных после эмиграции в Российскую империю. Благодаря распространению трудов Жомини в странах мира логистика стала развиваться в современном виде, первоначально в военной сфере, а затем в экономической деятельности.Систематизированы причины, которые привели к интенсивному развитию логистики во время Второй мировой войны и в послевоенное время. Исследованы различия в приоритетах в эти периоды в странах мира. Выявлены две основные тенденции, одна из которых состояла в использовании конкурентных преимуществ логистики в рыночной среде, а другая – в обеспечении пространственной связности и транспортной доступности территорий

СТРУКТУРНОЕ РЕЗЕРВИРОВАНИЕ НА АВТОМОБИЛЬНОМ ТРАНСПОРТЕ

The authors examine reliability of technical systems as a scientific category and an object of application of methodological and mathematical tools that help to assess the required performance, to find task relevant criteria and ways to switch on reserves. Priorities are structural redundancy, classification of its kinds, projection of calculated options on the features of automobile transportation. Demonstrated approaches are based on reliability theory, systems theory, laws of logic, Boolean functions.Авторы рассматривают надежность технических систем как научную категорию и объект приложения методологических средств, математического аппарата, помогающих оценить искомые показатели, найти подобающие задаче критерии и способы включения резервов. Приоритетное направление – структурное резервирование, классификация его видов, проекции расчетных вариантов на специфику автомобильных перевозок. Демонстрируемые подходы опираются на теорию надежности, теорию систем, законы логики, булевские функции

Methodology for rationing material resources for buses

The industry standards for the consumption of material resources currently in force in road transport are advisory in nature and are used by carriers in their current work for production planning. Industry standards, regulated, for example, by order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 158 dated May 30, 2019, establish resource consumption on an average for all road carriers of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the individual operating conditions of the rolling stock and the organization of the transport process is possible only by a correction factor to the fuel consumption rate, the calculation method of which is not regulated. The result is low convergence of planned and actual traffic figures. An effective solution to this problem is the use of resource consumption rates calculated on the basis of statistical data on the consumption of material resources obtained using the means of objective control and data storage of ERP systems. This will make it possible to fully take into account the complex of significant factors that determine the volume of consumption of material resources, reduce the amount of inventory, increase the turnover of funds, and increase the accuracy of rationing and pricing processes for any trucking company. However, the substantiation of such resource consumption norms requires an assessment of the influence of significant factors, the establishment of a relationship between them and the development of a mathematical apparatus for normalization. Therefore, the purpose of this study, which is to increase the efficiency of passenger transportation by buses based on ensuring the reliability of material resource consumption rates, taking into account individual operating conditions, is aimed at solving an urgent scientific and practical problem. Theoretical studies are carried out on the basis of the analysis of scientific and regulatory and technical literature, the legal framework, systemic, statistical, factorial and technical and economic analysis, economic and mathematical modeling of the transport process, and expert evaluation. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of operating passenger transport enterprises using the methods of mathematical statistics, computer modeling, field observations. The main results of scientific novelty are: a set of qualitative characteristics and quantitative indicators of factors that determine the consumption of material resources in the operation of the bus fleet; mathematical models for calculating the consumption rates of fuels and lubricants, spare parts and car tires, as well as the corresponding standard operating costs; dependence of indicators of operating consumption of diesel fuel, resource mileage of automobile tires on the magnitude of significant factors established for domestically produced buses of various capacities. Further research is supposed to be carried out in the direction of the development of resource saving methods in the motor transport complex

Логистика экспортных поставок из Эквадора

[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The development of economic relations with countries in the Asia-Pacific region, and improving the efficiency of logistics contacts is one of the most promising directions of trade relations for Russia. Among its trading partners in the Asia-Pacific region Ecuador occupies an important place. The authors’ analysis gives a fairly clear picture of transport channels (sea and air) and costly mechanisms in the supply chain used by shippers and transiters of Ecuadorian products. It is proposed to use the concept of «logistics laws» to search for options to reduce costs in the supply chain of goods exported to Russia from this Latin American country. Keywords: transport, logistics, foreign trade relations, Ecuador, supply organization, exports, logistics costs, reduction of losses. REFERENCES 1.Kurganov, V.M.«Golden» rules, principles and laws of logistics [«Zolotye» pravila, principy i zakony logistiki].Logistics: modern trends / VIII International scientific-practical conference. Abstracts.St.Petersburg, GIEU publ., 2009, pp.158-160. 2.Kurganov, V. M.Reducing costs in supply chains on the basis of logistics laws [Sokrashhenie izderzhek v cepjah postavok na osnove zakonov logistiki].Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Perspectives in Russia and Germany: Collection of papers from conference on logistics DR-LOG 2010.Ed.by D. A.Ivanov, V. S.Lukinsky, B. V.Sokolov, Y.Keshel.St.Petersburg, Publishing house of Polytechnic University Press, 2010, pp.527-529. 3.Kurganov, V. M.The hierarchy of logistics laws [Ierarhija zakonov logistiki].Dynamics and Sustainability in International Logistics and Supply Chain Management. Proceedings of the 6th German-Russian Logistics and SCM Workschop DR-LOG 2011 in Bremen.Cuvillier Verlag, Goettingen, 2011, pp.451-461. 4.Marketing research and analysis of the Russian market of fresh flowers.MA Step by Step [Marketingovoe issledovanie i analiz rossijskogo rynka zhivyh cvetov. MA Step by Step].[Electronic resource]: http: // step-by-step.ru’upload / iblock / 415 / DEMO_fresh … Last accessed 13.01.2015. The article is based on the papers, presented by the authors at the International scientific and practical conference «International Logistics: science, practice and education», held on March 3, 2015 at the Institute of Management and Information Technologies of Moscow State University of Railway Engineering (MIIT).Текст аннотации на англ. языке и полный текст статьи на англ. языке находится в прилагаемом файле ПДФ (англ. версия следует после русской версии).Развитие экономических отношений со странами Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона и повышение эффективности логистических связей - одно из перспективных направлений для России. Среди ее торговых партнеров в АТР важное место занимает Эквадор. Авторский анализ дает достаточно ясную картину транспортных каналов (морских и воздушных) и затратных механизмов в логистической цепи, которыми пользуются грузоотправители и транзитеры эквадорских продуктов. Предлагается использовать концепцию «законов логистики» для поиска вариантов снижения издержек в цепях поставок товаров, экспортируемых в Россию из латиноамериканской страны. Статья подготовлена на основе материалов, представленных авторами на Международной научно-практической конференции «Международная логистика: наука, практика, образование», состоявшейся 3 марта 2015 года в Институте управления и информационных технологий Московского государственного университета путей сообщения (МИИТ)

Информационные системы для автомобильных перевозок

The article considers the selection of management systems of transportation activities. A review of IT-solutions for the transport and logistics business, existing in the Russian market, is given and an approach is offered justifying the assessment of functional and non-functional characteristics of the system being implemented. It is based on modern methods, which help to select software, which is suitable for targets.В статье рассматривается процесс выбора систем управления перевозочной деятельностью. Дается обзор существующих на российском рынке IT-решений для транспортно-логистического бизнеса и предлагается подход, обосновывающий оценку функциональных и нефункциональных  характеристик внедряемой системы. Он опирается на современные методики, которые помогают выбрать адекватное целям программное обеспечение

Stabilization of enzymes by dormancy autoinducers as a possible mechanism of resistance of resting microbial forms

Alkyl-substituted hydroxybenzenes (AHBs), autoinducers of microbial dormancy (or d1 factors), were found to stabilize the structure of protein macromolecules, making them metabolically less active and more resistant to stresses. In vitro experiments with the Bacillus intermedius ribonuclease and chymotrypsin showed that the degree of the physical and chemical stability of these enzymes treated with AHBs depends on their concentration and incubation time. Experiments with RNase, which is capable of refolding, i.e., renaturation after heat denaturation, revealed that AHBs efficiently interact with both intact and denatured proteins. The data obtained allow the inference to be made that d1 factors may play the role of natural chemical chaperons, blocking metabolism in dormant cells through the formation of catalytically inactive thermostable complexes with enzymes. © 2000 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica"