220 research outputs found
Institutional Stimuli of Economic Sustainability and Development: Financial Concept and Anticorruption Effects
The paper is devoted to elucidating the content and role of institutional stimuli in providing the economic sustainability and development. There is systematized the understanding of the economic content of the stimulating and coordinating function of institutions. The analysis of the essence and forms of manifestations of the dilemma “sustainability vs development” is realized. The complex of institutional sustainability and development stimuli as a complicated integrity of formal and informal alternatives, mechanisms of the economic development is separated. There is also elucidated the content of anticorruption effects of using institutional stimuli. Main institutional preconditions of the theoretical model of stimulating the economic development in the context of combining quality institutions, mechanisms and effective stimuli are revealed, its base principles are substantiated.
The method of institutional analysis that is a base of systematization of the understanding of the economic content of the stimulating and coordinating function of institutions is central in the study. The method of system approach is used at analyzing the essence and forms of manifestations of the dilemma “sustainability vs development”. Based on method of structuring and synthesis, there is separated the complex of institutional stimuli of sustainability and development as a complicated integrity of formal and informal alternatives. The structural logic analysis gave a possibility to separate mechanisms and instruments of the economic development. Methods of comparison and generalization are used at elucidating the content of anticorruption effects of using institutional stimuli.
There is established an importance of differentiation of legal institutions of state regulation that provide observation of property rights and responsibility and institutions that structure a market behavior of partners under conditions of the effective competition at making choice between the market and dirigiste mechanisms of sustainability and development.
It is elucidated, that the effectiveness of institutional stimuli is connected with strengthening property rights and decreasing a corruption level. The influence mechanism of institutional stimuli of overcoming the conflict between private and social in the macrofinancial sphere is explained. It is established, that anticorruption effects of institutional stimulation need providing the rule of law, effective enforcement, support of democratic values, formation of the market competitive environment. At the same time there is revealed the ineffectiveness of anticorruption stimuli without raising the general culture of the population, formation of the anticorruption worldview.
It is established the necessity of the civic society, more independent from the state, higher degree of personal responsibility of individuals for providing institutional stimuli that support stability, development and have the motivation effect in countries with forming markets. Institutional arrangements as to transferring economies of countries with forming markets to the way of development are determined
Meteoric phenomena in the earth's atmosphere. Investigations of meteors, no. 2
Meteoritic radiance and ionization observations in earth atmospher
Particle Spectra and Mass Composition in the Ultra-High Energy Region in the Framework of the Galactic Origin of Cosmic Rays
The possibility for a self-consistent description of all the basic features
of the observed cosmic ray spectra and primary composition variations in the
energy range of eV within the Galactic origin scenario is
examined.
We assume the existence of Galactic sources that accelerate particles up to
eV and take into account a highly inhomogeneous
(fractal-like) distribution of matter and magnetic fields in the Galaxy that
leads to extremely large free paths of particles ("L\'{e}vy flights"), along
with an overwhelming contribution to the cosmic ray fluxes observed above eV from particles reaching the Solar System without scattering. Our
scenario was refined on the basis of recent experimental results on primary
mass composition. Model predictions, which could be verified with the improved
high-precision measurements in the nearest future are discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 19th International Symposium on Very High Energy
Cosmic Ray Interactions (22-27 August 2016). Moscow, Russia. P.N. Lebedev
Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LPI RAS
Where are the Pevatrons that Form the Knee in the Spectrum of the Cosmic Ray Nucleon Component around 4 PeV?
The paper discusses an approach that made it possible to estimate the
distance to the nearest pevatrons, which form a knee in the spectrum of the
cosmic ray nucleon component of about PeV. It is based on the spectra of
nucleons and electrons obtained by the authors in the framework of the
superdiffusion model of nonclassical cosmic rays diffusion, which have a knee,
on the assumption that nucleons and electrons are accelerated by the same type
sources and their propagation in an inhomogeneous turbulent galactic medium is
characterized by the same diffusion coefficient, and also on the knee in the
spectrum of the electronic component in the region of TeV, established in
the DAMPE experiment.
It is shown that pevatrons, which form a knee in the spectrum of the cosmic
ray nucleon component of about PeV, are located at distances of the order
of kpc from the Earth.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, The 4th International Symposium on
Cosmic Rays and Astrophysics (ISCRA-2023
- …