Exponentially Large Probabilities in Quantum Gravity

The problem of topology change transitions in quantum gravity is investigated from the Wheeler-de Witt wave function point of view. It is argued that for all theories allowing wormhole effects the wave function of the universe is exponentially large. If the wormhole action is positive, one can try to overcome this difficulty by redefinition of the inner product, while for the case of negative wormhole action the more serious problems arise.Comment: 9 pages in LaTeX, 4 figures in PostScript, the brief version of this paper is to appear in Proceedings of the XXIV ITEP Winter School of Physic

Renormalization of Poincare Transformations in Hamiltonian Semiclassical Field Theory

Semiclassical Hamiltonian field theory is investigated from the axiomatic point of view. A notion of a semiclassical state is introduced. An "elementary" semiclassical state is specified by a set of classical field configuration and quantum state in this external field. "Composed" semiclassical states viewed as formal superpositions of "elementary" states are nontrivial only if the Maslov isotropic condition is satisfied; the inner product of "composed" semiclassical states is degenerate. The mathematical proof of Poincare invariance of semiclassical field theory is obtained for "elementary" and "composed" semiclassical states. The notion of semiclassical field is introduced; its Poincare invariance is also mathematically proved.Comment: LaTeX, 40 pages; short version of hep-th/010307

Great Patriotic War and Labor Resources of Urals Industry: Development Features

The analysis of the influence of the Great Patriotic War on the supply of labor resources to the industry of the Ural economic region is carried out. Materials from the funds of three archives were used — the Russian State Archive of Economics, the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk Region and the Center for Documentation of Public Organizations of the Sverdlovsk Region, some of which have not been previously published. It is re-ported that a rather extensive list of studies is devoted to the question of the impact of the Great Patriotic War on the economy of the Ural economic region and its individual sectors (primarily industry and agriculture). It is alleged that during the war, during the mass evacuation, the Urals received about 700 industrial enterprises from the western regions of the country. It is stated that such a large-scale, unplanned and forced migration, on the one hand, created difficulties associated with the placement of equipment and people, and on the other. The disproportionately expanded industrial potential of the Ural eco-nomic region created great problems in the post-war period. Attention is focused on the fact that the Great Patriotic War gave the industry of the Urals a strong impetus for further development. It is proved that the war had a contradictory impact on the socio-economic development of the Urals. It is emphasized that to eliminate the shortage of labor resources, a method tested even before the war — the massive movement of the population from village to city was used

Implementation of Law on Pension Provision for Collective Farmers in Sverdlovsk Region (1964-1965)

The article is devoted to the problem of pension provision of collective farmers in the USSR. The study was conducted on archival materials with the involvement of Internet sources, as well as scientific and reference literature. The relevance of the topic is determined by its importance for the social sciences, especially for history, sociology and economics. The scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that new materials discovered by authors in the funds of these archives are introduced into circulation. The time frame of the article - 1964 and 1965 - is determined by the fact that in this period the state pension provision of collective farmers was introduced. It is claimed that the salaries charged to collective farmers were several times less than the salaries of the majority of urban residents. It is stated that the introduced pensions only to a small extent facilitated the financial situation of the collective farm peasantry. It is claimed that almost all the surveyed collective farmers-pensioners were set a minimum pension. It is proved that the size of disability pensions for farmers initially could not be high. It is concluded that the attitude to the peasantry “on the residual principle” had deep historical roots in the USSR and was based on the well-known concept of Marxist-Leninist theory, which proclaimed the peasantry as a “reactionary” class

ORGANIZATION OF MONITORING IN THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS WHEN TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS

Purpose: The problem of the quality of education concerns not only Russia but also the entire world community. Many developed countries are concerned about the current state of education and are trying to improve their quality. One of the leading trends in the modernization of education in Russia is increasing attention to the problem of improving its quality, which requires the development of conceptual approaches to finding ways to solve it. Methodology: In pedagogical terms, the quality of education is considered from two positions: firstly, as the degree of compliance of the educational system with the established requirements and the quality of educational services provided by the educational institution; secondly, as the effectiveness of the educational process that meets the needs of social customers not only in terms of assimilation of a certain amount of knowledge by students, but also the development of their personality, cognitive and creative abilities. Result: The choice of an actual and effective educational program is interesting not only for the consumer but also for the educational organization (institution), as it is a quality program in many sectors of education that affects the competitiveness of the educational organization. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the Organization of Monitoring in the Quality Management System of the Educational Process when Training of Specialists is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Verificação do apoio gerencial da trajetória profissional e educacional dos alunos no ambiente educacional sociocultural da universidade

The relevance of the study is determined by the processes of modernization of vocational education and the transition to the educational standards of the third generation, which open up new opportunities for students and teachers. Step-by-step management support of professional and educational trajectory of students requires organizational conditions and the development of technology for its practical implementation. Identifying the level of motivation in students when choosing a future profession allows assessing the level of inclusion of students in educational and cognitive activities and determining how far it is from the optimal motivational level, which allows the student achieving their goals, advancing in professional and personal development. At the initial stage of diagnosis, the analysis of professional experience of students, successes and problems in the training practice of the first year of training is carried out, at the next stage, the results of research activities on the results of the second year of training are analyzed. Activity-practical criterion, indicators of which are formed professional skills, primary professional experience, being in a sense the total overall performance indicator of professional and personal development of students, also changes qualitatively in the direction of improvement.La relevancia del estudio está determinada por los procesos de modernización de la educación vocacional y la transición a los estándares educativos de la tercera generación, que abren nuevas oportunidades para estudiantes y profesores. El apoyo paso a paso de la gestión de la trayectoria profesional y educativa de los estudiantes requiere condiciones organizativas y el desarrollo de tecnología para su implementación práctica. Identificar el nivel de motivación en los estudiantes al elegir una profesión futura permite evaluar el nivel de inclusión de los estudiantes en actividades educativas y cognitivas y determinar qué tan lejos está del nivel motivacional óptimo, lo que permite al estudiante alcanzar sus metas, avanzando en lo profesional y en el desarrollo peronal. En la etapa inicial del diagnóstico, el análisis de la experiencia profesional de los estudiantes, los éxitos y los problemas en la práctica de capacitación del primer año se lleva a cabo. En la siguiente etapa, se analizan los resultados de las actividades de investigación sobre los resultados del segundo año de capacitación. El criterio práctico de la actividad, cuyos indicadores son habilidades profesionales formadas, experiencia profesional primaria, siendo en cierto sentido el indicador de rendimiento global total del desarrollo profesional y personal de los estudiantes, también cambia cualitativamente en la dirección de la mejora.A relevância do estudo é determinada pelos processos de modernização do ensino profissional e pela transição para os padrões educacionais da terceira geração, que abrem novas oportunidades para alunos e professores. O apoio passo a passo da gestão da trajetória profissional e educacional dos alunos requer condições organizacionais e o desenvolvimento de tecnologia para sua implementação prática. Identificar o nível de motivação dos alunos na escolha de uma profissão futura para avaliar o nível de inclusão de alunos em actividades educativas e cognitivas e determinar o quão longe é o nível motivacional ideal, que permite que o aluno a alcançar seus objetivos, o progresso na profissional e no desenvolvimento peronal. Na fase inicial do diagnóstico, ocorre a análise da experiência profissional dos alunos, sucessos e problemas na prática do primeiro ano de treinamento. Na etapa seguinte, são analisados os resultados das atividades de pesquisa sobre os resultados do segundo ano de treinamento. O critério prático da atividade, cujos indicadores são habilidades profissionais treinadas, experiência profissional primária, sendo de certa forma o indicador do desempenho global total do desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal dos estudantes, também muda qualitativamente na direção da melhoria

Implementation of Law on Pension Provision for Collective Farmers in Sverdlovsk Region (1964—1965)

Статья посвящена проблеме пенсионного обеспечения колхозников в СССР. Исследование проведено на архивных материалах с привлечением интернет-источников, а также научной и справочной литературы. Актуальность темы обусловлена ее значимостью для общественных наук, прежде всего — для истории, социологии и экономики. Научная новизна работы видится в том, что в оборот вводятся новые материалы, обнаруженные авторами в фондах указанных архивов. Временные рамки статьи — 1964 и 1965 годы — определены тем, что в данный период было введено государственное пенсионное обеспечение колхозников. Утверждается, что зарплаты, начисляемые колхозникам, были в разы меньше зарплат большинства городских жителей. Констатируется, что введенные пенсии лишь в небольшой степени облегчили материальное положение колхозного крестьянства. Заявляется, что почти всем обследованным колхозницам-пенсионеркам была установлена минимальная пенсия. Доказывается, что размеры пенсий по инвалидности у колхозников изначально не могли быть высокими. Делается вывод, что отношение к крестьянству «по остаточному принципу» имело в СССР глубокие исторические корни и базировалось на известной концепции марксистско-ленинской теории, провозглашавшей крестьянство «реакционным» классом.The article is devoted to the problem of pension provision of collective farmers in the USSR. The study was conducted on archival materials with the involvement of Internet sources, as well as scientific and reference literature. The relevance of the topic is determined by its importance for the social sciences, especially for history, sociology and economics. The scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that new materials discovered by authors in the funds of these archives are introduced into circulation. The time frame of the article — 1964 and 1965 — is determined by the fact that in this period the state pension provision of collective farmers was introduced. It is claimed that the salaries charged to collective farmers were several times less than the salaries of the majority of urban residents. It is stated that the introduced pensions only to a small extent facilitated the financial situation of the collective farm peasantry. It is claimed that almost all the surveyed collective farmers-pensioners were set a minimum pension. It is proved that the size of disability pensions for farmers initially could not be high. It is concluded that the attitude to the peasantry “on the residual principle” had deep historical roots in the USSR and was based on the well-known concept of Marxist-Leninist theory, which proclaimed the peasantry as a “reactionary” class

Great Patriotic War and Labor Resources of Urals Industry: Development Features

Проводится анализ влияния Великой отечественной войны на обеспеченность трудовыми ресурсами промышленности Уральского экономического района. Использованы материалы фондов трех архивов — Российского государственного архива экономики, Государственного архива Свердловской области и Центра документации общественных организаций Свердловской области, часть из которых ранее не публиковалась. Сообщается, что вопросу влияния Великой Отечественной войны на экономику Уральского экономического района и ее отдельные отрасли (прежде всего — промышленность и сельское хозяйство) посвящен довольно обширный перечень исследований. Утверждается, что в годы войны в ходе массовой эвакуации Урал принял около 700 промышленных предприятий из западных районов страны. Констатируется, что столь масштабная, незапланированная и вынужденная миграция, с одной стороны, создала трудности, связанные с размещением оборудования и людей, а с другой — непропорционально разросшийся промышленный потенциал Уральского экономического района создал большие проблемы в послевоенный период. Акцентируется внимание на том, что Великая Отечественная война придала промышленности Урала сильнейший импульс к дальнейшему развитию. Доказывается, что война оказала противоречивое влияние на социально-экономическое развитие Урала. Подчеркивается, что для ликвидации дефицита трудовых ресурсов использовался испытанный еще до войны способ — массовое перемещение населения из села в город.The analysis of the influence of the Great Patriotic War on the supply of labor resources to the industry of the Ural economic region is carried out. Materials from the funds of three archives were used — the Russian State Archive of Economics, the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk Region and the Center for Documentation of Public Organizations of the Sverdlovsk Region, some of which have not been previously published. It is reported that a rather extensive list of studies is devoted to the question of the impact of the Great Patriotic War on the economy of the Ural economic region and its individual sectors (primarily industry and agriculture). It is alleged that during the war, during the mass evacuation, the Urals received about 700 industrial enterprises from the western regions of the country. It is stated that such a largescale, unplanned and forced migration, on the one hand, created difficulties associated with the placement of equipment and people, and on the other. The disproportionately expanded industrial potential of the Ural economic region created great problems in the post-war period. Attention is focused on the fact that the Great Patriotic War gave the industry of the Urals a strong impetus for further development. It is proved that the war had a contradictory impact on the socioeconomic development of the Urals. It is emphasized that to eliminate the shortage of labor resources, a method tested even before the war — the massive movement of the population from village to city was used

Initial Conditions for Semiclassical Field Theory

Semiclassical approximation based on extracting a c-number classical component from quantum field is widely used in the quantum field theory. Semiclassical states are considered then as Gaussian wave packets in the functional Schrodinger representation and as Gaussian vectors in the Fock representation. We consider the problem of divergences and renormalization in the semiclassical field theory in the Hamiltonian formulation. Although divergences in quantum field theory are usually associated with loop Feynman graphs, divergences in the Hamiltonian approach may arise even at the tree level. For example, formally calculated probability of pair creation in the leading order of the semiclassical expansion may be divergent. This observation was interpretted as an argumentation for considering non-unitary evolution transformations, as well as non-equivalent representations of canonical commutation relations at different time moments. However, we show that this difficulty can be overcomed without the assumption about non-unitary evolution. We consider first the Schrodinger equation for the regularized field theory with ultraviolet and infrared cutoffs. We study the problem of making a limit to the local theory. To consider such a limit, one should impose not only the requirement on the counterterms entering to the quantum Hamiltonian but also the requirement on the initial state in the theory with cutoffs. We find such a requirement in the leading order of the semiclassical expansion and show that it is invariant under time evolution. This requirement is also presented as a condition on the quadratic form entering to the Gaussian state.Comment: 20 pages, Plain TeX, one postscript figur