Характеристика тяговой нагрузки для определения параметров накопителя электрической энергии

For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version). The studies were carried out with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research for Project No. 17-20-01148 ofi_m_ RZD/17. ABSTRACT Based on the data regarding operation of locomotives of the series 2ES6 and 2ES10, the averaged parameters of the electric power storage in the DC traction system on lines with heavy and long-distance trains have been identified. The modes of the storage devices are characterized by a shortterm nature. The average duration of their operation in the charging mode is approximately 100 s, and the volume of the returned energy by the electric rolling stock, which determines the energy capacity, averages 100 kW•h, with a maximum power of 7,1 MW. The processing of measurement results shows that the observed distributions of stresses and traction load of the substation are not subject to Gauss’s laws. Keywords: railway, traction power supply system, heavy traffic, traction load, energy efficiency, sectioning post, power storage, electric rolling stock, experiment.Текст аннотации на англ. языке и полный текст статьи на англ. языке находится в прилагаемом файле ПДФ (англ. версия следует после русской версии). Исследования выполнены при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований по проекту № 17-20-01148 офи_м_РЖД/17. На основе данных при эксплуатации локомотивов серий 2ЭС6 и 2ЭС10 выявлены усреднённые параметры работы накопителя электроэнергии в системе тягового электроснабжения постоянного тока на линиях с тяжеловесными и длинносоставными поездами. Режимам действия накопителей свойствен кратковременный характер. Усреднённая по случаям продолжительность их работы в режиме заряда примерно 100 с, а объём возвращаемой энергии электроподвижным составом, определяющий энергоёмкость, составляет в среднем 100 кВт•ч, при этом максимальная мощность - 7,1 МВт. Обработка результатов измерений показывает, что наблюдаемые распределения напряжений и тяговой нагрузки подстанции гауссовским законам не подчиняются

Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo

We adapt the Quantum Monte Carlo method to the cascaded formalism of quantum optics, allowing us to simulate the emission of photons of known energy. Statistical processing of the photon clicks thus collected agrees with the theory of frequency-resolved photon correlations, extending the range of applications based on correlations of photons of prescribed energy, in particular those of a photon-counting character. We apply the technique to autocorrelations of photon streams from a two-level system under coherent and incoherent pumping, including the Mollow triplet regime where we demonstrate the direct manifestation of leapfrog processes in producing an increased rate of two-photon emission events

What Is Stochastic Resonance? Definitions, Misconceptions, Debates, and Its Relevance to Biology

Stochastic resonance is said to be observed when increases in levels of unpredictable fluctuations—e.g., random noise—cause an increase in a metric of the quality of signal transmission or detection performance, rather than a decrease. This counterintuitive effect relies on system nonlinearities and on some parameter ranges being “suboptimal”. Stochastic resonance has been observed, quantified, and described in a plethora of physical and biological systems, including neurons. Being a topic of widespread multidisciplinary interest, the definition of stochastic resonance has evolved significantly over the last decade or so, leading to a number of debates, misunderstandings, and controversies. Perhaps the most important debate is whether the brain has evolved to utilize random noise in vivo, as part of the “neural code”. Surprisingly, this debate has been for the most part ignored by neuroscientists, despite much indirect evidence of a positive role for noise in the brain. We explore some of the reasons for this and argue why it would be more surprising if the brain did not exploit randomness provided by noise—via stochastic resonance or otherwise—than if it did. We also challenge neuroscientists and biologists, both computational and experimental, to embrace a very broad definition of stochastic resonance in terms of signal-processing “noise benefits”, and to devise experiments aimed at verifying that random variability can play a functional role in the brain, nervous system, or other areas of biology

The processes of nonequilibrium exchange in rotating plasma flows

The mechanisms of energy/momentum exchange in rotating and compressing plasma flows have been discussed. It has been shown that such flows are capable of transforming the energy of different degrees of freedom into the energy of one degree owing to the interaction of the coupled nonlinear radial, axial and azimuthal electron-ion oscillations. These processes may lead to the additional acceleration of the flow in azimuthal or axial direction so they might be instrumental for the creation of space thrusters employing pulse transformations for propulsion

DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEMS OF MUCOVISCIDOSIS AND WAYS OF SOLUTION IN RUSSIA

Mucoviscidosis is a monogenic autosomal recessive caused by the CFTR gene mutations and characterized by pronounced genetic heterogeneity and clinical polymorphism, which emphasizes the need in comprehensive diagnosis and molecular-genetic verification of the final diagnosis. Quality and duration of a mucoviscidosis patient depend on early diagnosis and timely adequate therapy. The article presents mucoviscidosis diagnostic methods and protocols and capabilities of the modern molecular-genetic pathological diagnosis; a review of DNA diagnostic sets has been performed. As sets of some of the genes typical to the Russian population have not been registered in the Russian Federation, mutations in 20% of the patients cannot be specified. In order to solve this problem it is necessary to develop DNA diagnostic sets specific for the Russian Federation, ensure genetic diagnosis of the disease, including sequencing methods at the expense of the federal budget, increase the amount of information and improve quality of teaching this discipline to  students of medial universities and at postgraduate courses for appropriate specialists