1,458 research outputs found
Gaming Model to Study the Problem of Sharing Natural Resources
The problems of sharing natural resources (SNR) are constantly growing in their practical importance. The pattern of the distribution of natural resources is highly irregular and the price for natural resource extraction is high. Moreover, due to intensive exploitation, some resources are becoming scarce and others are approaching exhaustion. These problems affect the pattern of resource exploitation in different parts of the world and eventually the strategies for national development. Thus there is stress upon the necessity for defining reasonable proportions of development with due regard for the trade-offs between restricted natural resources and the requirements for growth over time.
One approach to dealing with the SNR problem is based on the direct involvement of men in a model. This enriches the properties of a model considerably and moves it closer to reality. Such an approach to the solution of complex problems is known as gaming or interactive simulation and has been under development for some time. Existing experience with gaming simulation shows its high potentiality as an instrument for studying development strategies in systems with multiple conflicting goals
An Interactive System for Experimenting with Development Planning
An interactive system which is directed to serve as an instrument for resolving development planning problems is presented. Manuals for programmers and players and a few numerical examples are attached
Destruction of coasts with tabular ground ice occurence on Kolguev Island, European Russian Arctic
Π‘ΠΏΡΡΠΎ[Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[Π΅]ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ[3,2-Ρ][1,2]ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½-4,3β-ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»]-3-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ» 5,5-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ: ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
The development of medicines with several pharmacological activities, including the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, is one of the challenging tasks of modern medicinal chemistry.Aim. To expand the range of novel spiro-condensed derivatives of 1,2-benzoxathiin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide, and study the biological activity of the substances obtained.Results and discussions. The target compounds were synthesized as a result of the interaction of 1,2-benzoxathiin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide, malononitrile and isatins. When using ethyl cyanoacetate the interaction appeared to be much more complicated and requires further research. The study of the biological activity has revealed the compounds with the analgesic properties and the antimicrobial effect against gram-positive strains.Experimental part. Two new 2-amino-2β-oxospiro[4H-pyrano[3,2-c][1,2]benzoxathiine-4,3β-indoline]-3-carbonitrile 5,5-dioxides were synthesized by the three-component reaction based on 1,2-benzoxathiin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied on the model of the carrageenan induced paw edema, and the analgesic activity was assessed on the model of the local inflammatory hyperalgesia. The study of the antimicrobial activity of the compounds obtained was performed by the agar well diffusion method.Conclusions. New spiro[benzo[Π΅]pyrano[3,2-c][1,2]oxathiin-4,3β-indolil]-3-carbonitrile 5,5-dioxides have been synthesized. The compounds obtained have revealed high levels of the analgesic properties and the antimicrobial activity. The latter exceeds the activity of the reference drugs, and has appeared to be higher against grampositive bacteria.Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
1,2-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ².Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π¦Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ 1,2-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°, ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ².ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ²Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
2-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-2β-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎ[4Π-ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ[3,2-Ρ][1,2]Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈΠ½-4,3β-ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½]-3-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ» 5,5-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ 1,2-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½-ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°, Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π°Π³Π°Ρ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎ[Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[Π΅]ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ[3,2-Ρ][1,2]ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈΠ½-4,3β-ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»]-3-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ» 5,5-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ.Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ², ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ, Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π²Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
1,2-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. Π¦ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ 1,2-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ, ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ². Π£ Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΡΡΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π· Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ².ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ²Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
2-Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-2β-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠΎ[4H-ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ[3,2-Ρ][1,2]Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½-4,3β-ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½]-3-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ» 5,5-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ 1,2-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½-4(3Π)-ΠΎΠ½ 2,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±ΡΡΠΊΡ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΡΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π³Π΅Π·ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ·ΡΡ Π² Π°Π³Π°Ρ.ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎ[Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[Π΅]ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ[3,2-Ρ][1,2]ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½-4,3β-ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»]-3-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ» 5,5-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ-ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉ
Impact of plasma nanostructuring on the electrical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 films
In this work, the impact of the plasma treatment, during the formation of nanostructure arrays on the surface of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films on glass substrates, on the conductivity of the films both in the lateral direction and in the direction normal to the substrate surface was studied. The initial Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films with the Ga/(In + Ga) ratio in the range of 0.03β0.12 were obtained by thermal selenization process of stacked metallic precursors and by co-evaporation of all elements from various sources. The plasma treatment was carried out in a high-density low-pressure RF inductively coupled plasma reactor in argon plasma. The average ion energy was 200 eV, the processing time was 60 s. It is shown that the processes of the plasma nanostructuring of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 film surface lead to the formation of a thin modified near-surface layer with a resistivity of 2β3 orders of magnitude less than for the bulk of the film
ΠΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ Π² 1918 β Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ 1920-Ρ Π³Π³.
The article considers the changes that took place in the Petrograd Medical Institute during the Civil War in the teaching of odontology. Changes affected the teaching staff, as well as students. The growth of the influence of the Party cell in the Institute contributed to the withdrawal of Β«bourgeoisΒ» teachers.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π ΠΎΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Β«Π±ΡΡΠΆΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Β» ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ
Π Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² 1920-1922 Π³Π³. (Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ°)
The article is devoted to the first years of Soviet power, when there was a formation of the relationship between higher medical school and the Bolsheviks. Attention is given to carrying out the militarization of higher medical school in the early 1920s by Soviet authorities. It was the first attempt to reform the higher education for the purpose of building a new society. The experience gained by the People's Commissariat of Education in carrying out reforms, will be used in the mid-1920s, when the Bolsheviks begin to radically change higher education in the country.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π£Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ 1920-Ρ
Π³Π³. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΏΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ 1920-Ρ
Π³Π³., ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅
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