Developing of complex for hot plastic deformation modeling of steel type 20-30CrNiMoV for heavy forging

Production of heavy forging of bars weighing more then 235 tons for such products as rotors made of steel type 20-30CrNiMoV is a critical independent work, failure to perform which entails high costs related to repeated production (in case of defective product) and untimely launch of production plants. One of the frequent causes of a defective product is the impossibility of ultrasonic testing in the barrel-gate zones on the rotor workpiece, which is due to the microstructure of the metal, namely the grain size. Determing the stages of deformation process wich causes such defects in structure is the main goal of this work. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences 2017.This study was sponsored by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in frame of the Federal Targeted Program on Research and Development in Priority Areas of Development of the Russian Science and Technology Sector for 2014–2020 (Application ID: 2015-14-579-0173-366; unique ID of applied research: RFMEFI57815X0114)

Changes of gas metabolism, gas homeostasis and tissue respiration in rats during prolonged hypokinesia

The oxygen uptake and tissue gas homeostasis of restrained albinic rats remained relatively constant during a 60 day experiment. The gas metabolism in some tissues changed, and O2 consumption increased in the liver and decreased in the myocardium. Capacity for physical work was reduced by five times. Hypokinesia for 60 days resulted in a delay in the animals growth

ПОСТСЕДИМЕНТАЦИОННЫЙ ХАРАКТЕР РАЗВИТИЯ ВНУТРИПЛИТНЫХ ДИСЛОКАЦИЙ КАК ОТРАЖЕНИЕ ИМПУЛЬСИВНОСТИ ДЕФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ

The available data on well-studied areas of the Turan platform (as an example) are reviewed and analyzed to reveal the role of con-sedimentation and post-sedimentation tectonic movements in formation of dislocations of the sedimentary cover. At the background of the long-term (tens and hundreds of million years) quiet evolution of the territory under study, short-term intervals are distinguished, which duration amounts to the first millions of years (typically manifested in one or two stratigraphic layers); in such time intervals, tectonic movements were dramatically boosted and accompanied by land uplifting, sea regression, erosion of sediments accumulated earlier and manifestation of deformation processes.The paleotectonic reconstructions show that during such ‘revolutionary’ stages, large tectonic elements occurred along with local uplifts that added to their complexity. In the region under study, the Pre-Jurassic, Pre-Cretaceous (Late Okoma), Pre-Danish and the Pre-Middle Miocene gaps in sedimentation are studied in detail. It is shown that only during the above four periods of sedimentation gaps and accompanying erosion-denudation processes, the regional structures gained from 50 to 80% of their current amplitudes at the bottom of the cover, and the Pre-Danish and Pre-Middle Miocene washout periods were most important.Local uplift also developed impulsively and primarily due to the post-sedimentation movements. Cross-sections of anticlines studied in detail (Figures 1 to 3) are discussed as examples that clearly show the increase of erosional shearing of the sediments accumulated earlier towards domes of uplifts without any con-sedimentation decrease of their thicknesses. During these periods of the geologic history, regardless of their short duration, folded dislocation gained up to 65–90% of their current amplitudes. The periods of activation were separated by long relatively quiescent tectonic periods with the gradually slowing down growth of anticlines to complete cessation.Dislocations in other regions, such as the Azov Sea (Fig. 4), the Dnieper-Donets basin, Donbas, etc. were formed under a similar scenario.Impulsiveness of tectonic processes is well illustrated by events that recently took place at the Taman peninsula. In 2011, the sea bottom uplifted dramatically along the coastal line of the Azov Sea and formed a new land segment (Figures 5 to 8). The vertical movement amplitude amounted to minimum 5 metres. This new structure formation was due to a short-term renewal of growth of the Kamenny Cape. After the short-term activation of tectonic movements, the period of tectonic quiescence is in place, and the majority of the uplift has been destroyed by marine erosion.Impulsiveness of tectonic movements may be caused by the tangential stress that periodically puts an impact on the lithospheric plates. Horizontal tectonic movement and associated stresses can lead to both interplate and intraplate deformations.На примере хорошо изученных районов Туранской платформы проанализирована роль конседиментационных и постседиментационных тектонических движений в формировании дислокаций осадочного чехла. На фоне длительного (десятки и сотни миллионов лет) спокойного эволюционного развития территории выделяются короткие интервалы, продолжительностью в первые миллионы лет (обычно в объеме одного – двух стратиграфических ярусов), когда происходит резкая активизация тектонических движений, сопровождающаяся воздыманием территории, регрессией моря, размывом накопившихся ранее отложений и проявлением деформационных процессов.Выполненные палеотектонические реконструкции показали, что именно в эти «революционные» этапы происходит заложение крупных тектонических элементов и осложняющих их локальных поднятий. Детально исследованы предъюрский, предмеловой (преднеокомский), преддатский и предсреднемиоценовый региональные перерывы в осадконакоплении. Показано, что только за время этих четырех перерывов в седиментации и сопровождавших их эрозионно-денудационных процессов региональные структуры набирали от 50 до 80 % современной амплитуды по подошве чехла, а наиболее значимыми являются преддатский и предсреднемиоценовый размывы.Локальные поднятия развивались так же импульсивно и преимущественно за счет постседиментационных движений. В качестве примера приведены разрезы по детально изученным антиклиналям (рис. 1–3), на которых хорошо видно нарастание величины эрозионного срезания накопившихся ранее отложений к сводам поднятий без конседиментационного уменьшения их мощности. В эти промежутки геологической истории, несмотря на их малую продолжительность, складчатые дислокации набирают до 65–90 % современной амплитуды. Между периодами активизации отмечаются длительные паузы относительного тектонического покоя с постепенным замедлением, вплоть до полного прекращения роста антиклиналей.По аналогичному сценарию формируются дислокации и в других регионах, например в Азовском море (рис. 4), Днепровско-Донецкой впадине, Донбассе и т.д.Наглядной иллюстрацией импульсивности тектонических процессов могут быть события, произошедшие недавно на Таманском полуострове. Здесь в 2011 г. в течение одного – двух месяцев в прибрежной полосе Азовского моря произошло резкое воздымание морского дна с появлением новообразованной суши (рис. 5–8). Амплитуда вертикаль­ных движений составила не менее 5 м. Образование структуры обусловлено кратковременным возобновлением роста антиклинали мыса Каменный. После кратковременной активизации движений наступила пауза тектонического покоя, и к настоящему времени большая часть поднятия уничтожена морской эрозией.Причиной импульсивности тектонических движений может быть тангенциальный стресс, которому периодически подвергаются литосферные плиты. Горизонтальные тектонические движения и возникающие при этом напряжения способны приводить к формированию как межплитных, так и внутриплитных деформаций

Hybrid Plasma-Catalytic Reforming of Ethanol into Synthesis Gas: Experiment and Modeling

Understanding of the plasma-assisted reforming of hydrocarbons requires a combined application of the experimental studies of reforming systems and the kinetics modeling of reforming processes. Experiments were conducted on a system with a wide-aperture rotating gliding discharge with atmospheric air used as a plasma gas. Reforming parameters essential for the kinetics modelling of the reforming process were obtained. The influence of water addition method on the product composition of plasma-catalytic ethanol reforming was investigated

Changes of the body functions during long-term hypokinesia

Prolonged hypokinesis (100-170 days) studied in 2000 rats kept in cages limiting their mobility provoked considerable changes in the gaseous and energetic metabolism: an elevation of the total gaseous metabolism and of the rate of O2 requirement by the muscles (in the late periods of hypokinesis) and a change in the intensity of tissue respiration of the liver and myocardium. There also proved to be a reduction in the level of phosphorylation and separation of oxidative phosphorylation in the myocardium, liver, and partially in the skeletal muscle. Prolonged hypokinesia led to changes in tissue metabolism: a disturbance of development of the animals, a marked delay and an increase in the weight of the organism and the muscular system, and disturbances of the mineral and protein metabolism. Prolonged hypokinesis also lead to exhaustion of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal cortex system

On the entanglement entropy for a XY spin chain

The entanglement entropy for the ground state of a XY spin chain is related to the corner transfer matrices of the triangular Ising model and expressed in closed form.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Optimizing the lithotripsy timing after drainage of the upper urinary tract in patients with urolithiasis and obstructive uropathy

Introduction. Timely unresolved upper urinary tract (UUT) obstruction in patients with infection can cause severe complications, such as sepsis, pyonephrosis and even death. There are no clear recommendations regarding the methods and timing of drainage. At the same time, this issue is still the subject of discussion in publications of recent years.Purpose of the study. To optimize the timing of lithotripsy after drainage of the UUT in patients with urolithiasis and obstructive uropathy (OU).Materials and methods. At the first stage, 90 patients with OU caused by the stone of the ureteropelvic junction underwent drainage of the UUT using a percutaneous nephrostomy. Subsequently, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNLT) was performed at various times after drainage. The level of inflammatory markers (IL-8) and profibrotic factor (MCP-1) in the urine was determined. The calculated concentrations of urinary biomarkers were normalized by the level of urinary creatinine. Urine sampling for the analysis was carried out during and after the PCN placement (nephrostomy urine) 7 days later, and then once weekly before surgery. The coefficient K was calculated using a patented formula to evaluate the process of kidney remodeling. Urine sampling was performed for culture to determine the bacterial spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity.Results. The values of K ≤ 1.85 were observed in 11 patients of the group with OU (12.2%), K > 1.85 in 79 (87.8%) by day 21. The values of K ≤ 1.85 were achieved in 70 patients (88.6%) by day 28 and 4 patients (80.0%) by day 35. PNLT was performed on 21 days in patients with K ≤ 1.85 (11 patients), no complications were noted in the postoperative period., PNLT was performed in patients with K ≤ 1.85 (70 patients) by day 28, exacerbation of pyelonephritis and the development of chronic kidney disease were not noted. Six patients with values of K ˃ 1.85 underwent PNLT by day 28. In the postoperative period, all patients had an exacerbation of calculous pyelonephritis, 50% had a decrease in glomerular filtration rate within 3 months after surgery. The bacteria in urine were detected in 55 (61.0%) patients. Escherichia coli (63.0%), Proteus mirabilis (18.0%), Enterococcus faecalis (14.5%), Streptococcus haemolyticus (2.5%) were identified most often.Conclusion. The use of the developed remodeling index allows optimizing the surgery timing and minimizing the development of complications during the postoperative period. The presence of bacteria is associated with a long process of renal parenchymal remodeling

Towards a Macroscopic Modelling of the Complexity in Traffic Flow

We present a macroscopic traffic flow model that extends existing fluid-like models by an additional term containing the second derivative of the safe velocity. Two qualitatively different shapes of the safe velocity are explored: a conventional Fermi-type function and a function exhibiting a plateau at intermediate densities. The suggested model shows an extremely rich dynamical behaviour and shows many features found in real-world traffic data.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.

Dynamical Transition in the Open-boundary Totally Asymmetric Exclusion Process

We revisit the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with open boundaries (TASEP), focussing on the recent discovery by de Gier and Essler that the model has a dynamical transition along a nontrivial line in the phase diagram. This line coincides neither with any change in the steady-state properties of the TASEP, nor the corresponding line predicted by domain wall theory. We provide numerical evidence that the TASEP indeed has a dynamical transition along the de Gier-Essler line, finding that the most convincing evidence was obtained from Density Matrix Renormalisation Group (DMRG) calculations. By contrast, we find that the dynamical transition is rather hard to see in direct Monte Carlo simulations of the TASEP. We furthermore discuss in general terms scenarios that admit a distinction between static and dynamic phase behaviour.Comment: 27 pages, 18 figures. v2 to appear in J Phys A features minor corrections and better-quality figure