Synergy of piracetam and aminalon in the cerebroprotective effect of olatropyl.

Optimization of pharmacotherapy of neurological and psychosomatic diseases led to the creation of com­bined medicines containing two or more components with different mechanisms of action, differently affecting the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of specific forms of pathology. Combined drugs that help normalize the central regulatory mechanisms of the development of somatic pathology, improve brain metabolism and hemodynamics, stabilize the cortical-subcortical relationships, the disorders of which lie at the base of many forms of neurological and psychosomatic pathology have been particularly popular in recent years. In this article we propose options for opti­mizing nootropic therapy with olatropyl, which is a combination of two "true" nootropics - gamma-aminobutyric acid (aminalone) and piracetam in one drug form. Such a combination allows one-stage implementation of a complex of multifaceted and diverse effects on the central nervous system characteristic of both piracetam and aminalone, but achieved through fundamentally different mechanisms of action of these agents. The mechanism of action of olatropil demonstrates the pronounced synergism of the monocomponents of the preparation. This combination allows to reduce the therapeutic dosages of each of the active substances by 2 times, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the incidence and severity of possible side effects; leveling the exciting effect of piracetam and providing higher safety and efficacy. The drug is an effective tool for the therapy of various forms of cerebrovascular pathology, improving cognitive functions, mental activity, psychoemotional status, autonomic functions, favorably affecting the quality of life of patients. The uniqueness of the mechanism of action of olatropil, consisting in the occurrence of the fact of pharmacodynamic synergy in the combined use of piracetam and aminalone in a single dosage form, contributes to the enhancement of positive pharmacological effects and the leveling of a number of negative elements of pharmacodynamics of preparation constituents

Synergy of piracetam and aminalon in the cerebroprotective effect of olatropyl.

Optimization of pharmacotherapy of neurological and psychosomatic diseases led to the creation of com­bined medicines containing two or more components with different mechanisms of action, differently affecting the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of specific forms of pathology. Combined drugs that help normalize the central regulatory mechanisms of the development of somatic pathology, improve brain metabolism and hemodynamics, stabilize the cortical-subcortical relationships, the disorders of which lie at the base of many forms of neurological and psychosomatic pathology have been particularly popular in recent years. In this article we propose options for opti­mizing nootropic therapy with olatropyl, which is a combination of two "true" nootropics - gamma-aminobutyric acid (aminalone) and piracetam in one drug form. Such a combination allows one-stage implementation of a complex of multifaceted and diverse effects on the central nervous system characteristic of both piracetam and aminalone, but achieved through fundamentally different mechanisms of action of these agents. The mechanism of action of olatropil demonstrates the pronounced synergism of the monocomponents of the preparation. This combination allows to reduce the therapeutic dosages of each of the active substances by 2 times, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the incidence and severity of possible side effects; leveling the exciting effect of piracetam and providing higher safety and efficacy. The drug is an effective tool for the therapy of various forms of cerebrovascular pathology, improving cognitive functions, mental activity, psychoemotional status, autonomic functions, favorably affecting the quality of life of patients. The uniqueness of the mechanism of action of olatropil, consisting in the occurrence of the fact of pharmacodynamic synergy in the combined use of piracetam and aminalone in a single dosage form, contributes to the enhancement of positive pharmacological effects and the leveling of a number of negative elements of pharmacodynamics of preparation constituents

Characteristics of the secondary electrons calibration beam of the accelerator S-25R "Pakhra"

The characteristics of the secondary electrons` calibration quasi-monochromatic beam of the accelerator S-25R "Pakhra" of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LPI) on the basis of magnet SP-57 are presented. With an electron energy in the range of 45-280 MeV, a collimator diameter in front of the trigger counters of 3 mm and copper Converter thicknesses of 1-3 mm, the energy resolution and beam intensity were 4.4-2.2% and around 16 e/sec, respectively

Fragmentation channels of relativistic 7^7Be nuclei in peripheral interactions

Nuclei of $^7$Li were accelerated at the JINR Nuclotron. After the charge-exchange reaction involving these nuclei at an external target a second $^7$Be beam of energy 1.23A GeV was formed. This beam was used to expose photo-emulsion chambers. The mean free path for inelastic $^7$Be interactions in emulsion $\lambda$=14.0$\pm$0.8 cm coincides within the errors with those for $^6$Li and $^7$Li nuclei. More than 10% of the $^7$Be events are associated with the peripheral interactions in which the total charge of the relativistic fragments is equal to the charge of the $^7$Be and in which charged mesons are not produced. An unusual ratio of the isotopes is revealed in the composition of the doubly charged $^7$Be fragments: the number of $^3$He fragments is twice as large as that of $^4$He fragments. In 50% of peripheral interactions, a $^7$Be nucleus decays to two doubly charged fragments. The present paper gives the channels of the $^7$Be fragmentation to charged fragments. In 50% of events, the $^7$Be fragmentation proceeds only to charged fragments involving no emission of neutrons. Of them, the $^3$He+$^4$He channel dominates, the $^4$He+d+p and $^6$Li+pchannels constitute 10% each. Two events involving no emission of neutrons are registered in the 3-body $^3$He+t+p and $^3$He+d+d channels. The mean free path for the coherent dissociation of relativistic $^7$Be nuclei to $^3$He+$^4$He is 7$\pm$1 m. The particular features of the relativistic $^7$Be fragmentation in such peripheral interactions are explained by the $^3$He+$^4$He 2-cluster structure of the $^7$Be nucleus.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, conference: Conference on Physics of Fundamental Interactions, Moscow, Russia, 5-9 Dec 200

АНАЛІЗ КОМБІНОВАНОГО ВПЛИВУ ІНТРАТУМОРАЛЬНОЇ ЕКСПРЕСІЇ ТИМІДИЛАТСИНТАЗИ ТА HENT1 НА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ СХЕМИ ГЕМЦИТАБІН+ТЕГАФУР В АД’ЮВАНТОМУ ЛІКУВАННІ ХВОРИХ НА РАК ПІДШЛУНКОВОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal cancers. Only curative resection gives a chance for long-term survival which is still unacceptably low. Optimizing of adjuvant for PC treatment is timely in modern oncology. The aim of the sudy is combined analysis of TS and hENT1 intratumoral expression influence on overall survival (OS) in patients with PC treated with gemcitabine+tegafur (GemTeg) in adjuvant setting. 62 R0-resected patients with I-II UICC stage of PC were involved in the retrospective study. All patietns were adjuvantly treated with GemTeg (6 x 28-day cycles). Diagnosis was verified histologically as ductal adenocarcinoma. Afterwards TS and hENT1 expression was investigated immunohistochemically. Statistical calculation was performed by means of Chi square, exact Fisher, Kaplan-Meyer tests and Cox’s analysis. Median follow-up was 34 months. OS benefit was evaluated in comparison to cohort of patients with both low hENT1 and TS expression by univariate analysis. OS in cohorts of patients with high hENT1, high TS and combination of high hENT1 and TS was markedly higher (р=0.053; р=0.03 and р<0.001 respectively). In multivariate Cox’s analysis for stratified cohorts HR was 4.65 (СI: 2.12–10.21), 4.82 (СI: 2.13–10.91) та 23,14 (СI: 2.73–195.88) respectively. High intratumoral expression of hENT1 and TS may independently improve OS in PC patients treated with GemTeg in adjuvant setting. Patietns with combination high hENT1 and TS expression benefitted mostly according to GemTeg adjuvant therapy.Рак поджелудочной железы (РПЖ) является одним из самых агрессивных гастроинтестинальных раков. Шанс на долгосрочную выживаемость, которая остается неприемлимо низкой, дает только радикальная резекция. Оптимизация адъювантного лечения больных РПЖ является актуальным вопросом в современной онкологии. Целью работы был анализ комбинированного влияния интратуморальной экспрессии hENT1 и тимидилатсинтазы (TS) на эффективность схемы гемцитабин + тегафур (ГемТег) в адъювантной терапии больных РПЖ. В исследование вовлечены 62 больных РПЖ с R0-статусом резекции на I и II стадиях (UICC ver.7). Все больные получали комбинацию ГемТег в качестве адъювантной терапии. Диагноз в каждом случае был верифицирован гистологически, после чего иммуногистохимически определялась экспрессия hENT1 и TS. Статистическую обработку выполняли с помощью критерия Фишера, методов χі-квадрат, Каплана–Майера и анализа рисков по Коксу. Медиана наблюдения составила 34 месяца. С помощью однофакторного анализа оценивали выживаемость в сравнении с когортой больных с совпадением низкой экспрессии hENT1 и TS. При этом выживаемость в когортах с высокой экспрессией hENT1, с высокой експрессией TS и с высокой экспрессией обоих маркеров была значительно выше (р=0,053; р=0,03 и р<0,001 соответственно). При многофакторном анализе рисков по Коксу в стратифицированных когортах HR составил 4,65 (СI: 2,12–10,21), 4,82 (СI: 2,13–10,91) и 23,14 (СI: 2,73–195,88) соответственно. Высокая интратуморальная экспрессия hENT1 и TS, независимо друг от друга может улучшать общую выживаемость больных РПЖ при адъювантной терапии по схеме ГемТег. Больные, у которых одновременно отмечалась высокая экспрессия hENT1 и TS получали наибольшее преимущество в выживаемости.Рак підшлункової залози (РПЗ) є одним із найагресивніших серед гастроінтестинальних раків. Шанс на довгострокову виживаність, що залишається неприйнятливо низькою, дає тільки радикальна резекція. Оптимізація ад’ювантного лікування хворих на РПЗ є актуальним питанням сучасної онкології. Метою роботи був аналіз комбінованого впливу інтратуморальної експресії hENT1 і тимідилатсинтази (TS) на ефективність схеми гемцитабін+тегафур ГемТег в ад'ювантному лікуванні хворих на РПЗ. До дослідження залучено 62 хворих на РПЗ з R0-cтатусом резекції на І та ІІ стадіях (UICC ver.7). Усі хворі отримували комбінацію ГемТег в якості ад’ювантної терапії. Діагноз у кожному випадку був веріфікований гістологічно, після чого імуногістохімічно визначали експресію hENT1 та TS. Статистичну обробку виконували за допомогою критерію Фішера, методів χі-квадрат, Каплана–Майєра та аналізу ризиків за Коксом. Медіана спостереження становила 34 місяці. За допомогою однофакторного аналізу оцінювали переваги у виживаності, порівняно з когортою хворих із співпаданням низької експресії hENT1 та TS. При цьому виживаність у когортах із високою експресією hENT1, з високою експресією TS та з високою експресією обох маркерів була значно вищою (р=0,053; р=0,03 та р<0,001 відповідно). При багатофакторному аналізі ризиків за Коксом у стратифікованих когортах HR становив 4,65 (СI: 2,12–10,21), 4,82 (СI: 2,13–10,91) та 23,14 (СI: 2,73–195,88) відповідно. Висока інтратуморальна експресія hENT1 та TS незалежно одне від одного може покращувати загальну виживаність хворих на РПЗ при ад’ювантному лікуванні за схемою ГемТег. Хворі, в яких одночасно відзначалася висока експресія hENT1 та TS, отримували найбільшу перевагу в виживаності

Role of the Nuclear and Electromagnetic Interactions in the Coherent Dissociation of the Relativistic 7^7Li Nucleus into the 3^3H + 4^4He Channel

The differential cross section in the transverse momentum $Q$ and a total cross section of $(31\pm4)$ mb for the coherent dissociation of a 3-A-GeV/$c$ $^7$Li nucleus through the $^3$H$+^4$He channel have been measured on emulsion nuclei. The observed $Q$ dependence of the cross section is explained by the predominant supposition of the nuclear diffraction patterns on light (C, N, O) and heavy (Br, Ag) emulsion nuclei. The contributions to the cross section from nuclear diffraction ($Q\le400$ MeV/$c$) and Coulomb $(Q\le50$ MeV/$c$) dissociations are calculated to be 40.7 and 4 mb, respectively.Comment: ISSN 0021-3640, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 200