364 research outputs found
Structure of the First and Second Neighbor Shells of Water: Quantitative Relation with Translational and Orientational Order
We perform molecular dynamics simulation of water using the TIP5P model to
quantify structural order in both the first shell (defined by four nearest
neighbors)and second shell (defined by twelve next-nearest neighbors) of a
central water molecule. We find the anomalous decrease of orientational order
upon compression occurs in both shells, but the anomalous decrease of
translational order upon compression occurs {\it mainly in the second shell}.
The decreases of translational and orientational orders upon compression
("structural anomaly") are thus correlated only in the second shell. Our
findings quantitatively confirm the qualitative idea that the thermodynamic,
dynamic and structural anomalies of water are related to changes in the second
shell upon compression.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
GBJOF: Gradient Boosting Integrated with Jaya Algorithm to Optimize the Features in Malware Analysis
Malware analysis is used to identify suspicious file transferring in the network. It can be identified efficiently by using the reverse engineering hybrid approach. Implementing a hybrid approach depends on the feature selection because the dataset contains static and dynamic parameters. The given dataset contains 85 attributes with 10 different class labels. Since it has high dimensional and multi-classification data, existing approaches of ML could be more efficient in reducing the features. The model combines the enhanced JAYA genetic algorithm with a gradient boosting technique to identify the efficiency and a smaller number of features. Many existing approaches for feature selection either implement correlation analysis or wrapper techniques. The major disadvantages of these issues are that they are facing fitting problems with a very small number of features. With the Usage of the genetic approach, this paper has achieved 95% accuracy with 12 features, approximately 7% greater than ML approaches
Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding approach in fisheries research in India
Environmental DNA (eDNA) is defined as the
genetic material obtained from a water sample
containing no distinguishing signs of source macroorganisms.
The method utilizes DNA which is
continuously excreted by organisms into the
surrounding environment through mucus, gamates,
faeces, blood and other cells, and captures, analyses
and obtains the nucleotide sequence of this DNA
based on an environmental sample. eDNA analysis
has emerged as a potentially powerful tool to access
aquatic community structures. Analysis of eDNA can
give us information on the organisms, their
abundance and biomass through two approaches –
eDNA barcoding and eDNA metabarcoding. In the
former, specific species are targeted in samples
using standard or quantitative PCR, and using
traditional Sanger sequencing method
Static and Dynamic Anomalies in a Repulsive Spherical Ramp Liquid: Theory and Simulation
We compare theoretical and simulation results for static and dynamic
properties for a model of particles interacting via a spherically symmetric
repulsive ramp potential. The model displays anomalies similar to those found
in liquid water, namely, expansion upon cooling and an increase of diffusivity
upon compression. In particular, we calculate the phase diagram from the
simulation and successfully compare it with the phase diagram obtained using
the Rogers-Young (RY) closure for the Ornstein-Zernike equation. Both the
theoretical and the numerical calculations confirm the presence of a line of
isobaric density maxima, and lines of compressibility minima and maxima.
Indirect evidence of a liquid-liquid critical point is found. Dynamic
properties also show anomalies. Along constant temperature paths, as the
density increases, the dynamics alternates several times between slowing down
and speeding up, and we associate this behavior with the progressive
structuring and de-structuring of the liquid. Finally we confirm that mode
coupling theory successfully predicts the non-monotonic behavior of dynamics
and the presence of multiple glass phases, providing strong evidence that
structure (the only input of mode coupling theory) controls dynamics.Comment: Static and Dynamic Anomalies in a Repulsive Spherical Ramp Liquid:
Theory and Simulatio
Safety evaluation of chromium picolinate in experimental rats
Background: Chromium, an essential trace mineral plays an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and proteins. Chromium picolinate (Cr.Pic) is used in alternative medicine to treat chromium deficiency. Though Cr.Pic is increasingly used to treat diabetes and obesity, studies on its safety profile is limited.Methods: Acute toxicity study was conducted by oral administration of Cr.Pic (2000 mg/kg body weight). The animals were maintained another 14 days with once a day observation. For sub-chronic studies, test groups were treated with Cr.Pic 10 mg/kg/day for 90 days. Tests for hepatic and renal function were conducted. Effect of Cr.Pic on behavioural changes and motor co-ordination was done on every week. Histopathological studies were conducted on day 90 at the end of the experiment.Results: Acute toxicity study of Cr.Pic showed no signs of toxicity and mortality. Absence of any behavioural alteration or mortality during the period of 14 days indicates that Cr.Pic has no latent effect. Similar results were obtained with sub-chronic studies suggesting safety of Cr.Pic. Cr.Pic treated groups showed no changes in learning and motor co-ordination compared to the untreated group. No gross histopathological changes were seen in any group indicating safety of Cr.Pic.Conclusions: The present study conferred safety profile of Cr.Pic from normal results obtained in hepatic function, renal function, behavioural and histopathological studies, suggesting its safety
Glass transition in biomolecules and the liquid-liquid critical point of water
Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the relation between the
dynamic transitions of biomolecules (lysozyme and DNA) and the dynamic and
thermodynamic properties of hydration water. We find that the dynamic
transition of the macromolecules, sometimes called a ``protein glass
transition'', occurs at the temperature of dynamic crossover in the diffusivity
of hydration water, and also coincides with the maxima of the isobaric specific
heat and the temperature derivative of the orientational order parameter.
We relate these findings to the hypothesis of a liquid-liquid critical point in
water. Our simulations are consistent with the possibility that the protein
glass transition results from crossing the Widom line, which is defined as the
locus of correlation length maxima emanating from the hypothesized second
critical point of water.Comment: 10 Pages, 12 figure
Isolation and Characterization of Pathogenic Vibrio Alginolyticus from Sea Cage Cultured Cobia (Rachycentron Canadum (Linnaeus 1766)) in India
The epizootics of vibriosis caused serious economic losses to farmers. Natural blooms of the pathogen can be prevented by sea cage management measures such as, changing the inner net of the cages, changing the location of the cages to relatively clean water (about 50 m apart) from the affected site and providing shade over the cages while the water temperature rises. Supplementation of the feed with immunostimulants and mineral mixture may be practised to improve the immune response against infection. Early diagnosis and sea cage management measures may prevent occurrences of the infection
Visible fluorescence induced by the metal semiconductor transition in composites of carbon nanotubes with noble metal nanoparticles
We show that single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles emit visible fluorescence in the presence of noble metal nanoparticles and nanorods in the solid state. Conductivity measurements with metallic nanotubes, isolated from pristine SWNTs, show that they become semiconducting in the presence of the metal nanoparticles. Nanoparticle binding increases the defects in the nanotube structures which is evident in the Raman spectra. The metal-semiconductor transition removes the nonradiative decay channels of the excited states enabling visible fluorescence. Nanotube structures are imaged using this emission with resolution below the classical limits
Temperature-dependent Raman study of CeFeAsO0.9F0.1 Superconductor: Crystal field excitations, phonons and their coupling
We report temperature-dependent Raman spectra of CeFeAsO0.9F0.1 from 4 K to
300 K in spectral range of 60 to 1800 cm-1 and interpret them using estimates
of phonon frequencies obtained from first-principles density functional
calculations. We find evidence for a strong coupling between the phonons and
crystal field excitations; in particular Ce3+ crystal field excitation at 432
cm-1 couples strongly with Eg oxygen vibration at 389 cm-1 . Below the
superconducting transition temperature, the phonon mode near 280 cm-1 shows
softening, signaling its coupling with the superconducting gap. The ratio of
the superconducting gap to Tc thus estimated to be ~ 10 suggests CeFeAsO0.9F0.1
as a strong coupling superconductor. In addition, two high frequency modes
observed at 1342 cm-1 and 1600 cm-
Thermodynamics, Structure, and Dynamics of Water Confined between Hydrophobic Plates
We perform molecular dynamics simulations of 512 water-like molecules that
interact via the TIP5P potential and are confined between two smooth
hydrophobic plates that are separated by 1.10 nm. We find that the anomalous
thermodynamic properties of water are shifted to lower temperatures relative to
the bulk by K. The dynamics and structure of the confined water
resemble bulk water at higher temperatures, consistent with the shift of
thermodynamic anomalies to lower temperature. Due to this shift, our
confined water simulations (down to K) do not reach sufficiently low
temperature to observe a liquid-liquid phase transition found for bulk water at
K using the TIP5P potential. We find that the different
crystalline structures that can form for two different separations of the
plates, 0.7 nm and 1.10 nm, have no counterparts in the bulk system, and
discuss the relevance to experiments on confined water.Comment: 31 pages, 14 figure
- …