The Standard Quantum Limit of Coherent Beam Combining

Coherent beam combining refers to the process of generating a bright output beam by merging independent input beams with locked relative phases. We report the first quantum mechanical noise limit calculations for coherent beam combining and compare our results to quantum-limited amplification. Our coherent beam combining scheme is based on an optical Fourier transformation which renders the scheme compatible with integrated optics. The scheme can be layed out for an arbitrary number of input beams and approaches the shot noise limit for a large number of inputs

Non-existence of normal tokamak equilibria with negative central current

Recent tokamak experiments employing off-axis, non-inductive current drive have found that a large central current hole can be produced. The current density is measured to be approximately zero in this region, though in principle there was sufficient current drive power for the central current density to have gone significantly negative. Recent papers have used a large aspect-ratio expansion to show that normal MHD equilibria (with axisymmetric nested flux surfaces, non-singular fields, and monotonic peaked pressure profiles) can not exist with negative central current. We extend that proof here to arbitrary aspect ratio, using a variant of the virial theorem to derive a relatively simple integral constraint on the equilibrium. However, this constraint does not, by itself, exclude equilibria with non-nested flux surfaces, or equilibria with singular fields and/or hollow pressure profiles that may be spontaneously generated.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Physics of Plasmas, Feb. 14, 2003. Revised Feb. 24, 2003. Vers. 2: revised May 29 to clarify points raised by referee, add references to recent work. July 18, accepted for publicatio

Responsibility as a Key Competence of the 21st Century Engineer

The growing anthropogenic impact on the environment, the consequences of which are often written and spoken of as frightening, even apocalyptic, has actualized the discourse on responsibility – of humanity as a whole, states, their governments, parliaments and other institutions, individual corporations, each person. The environmental agenda, responsible nature management, ecosystem thinking are at the center of their conflicting interests.It seems that engineering education should also focus on this issue. However, when analyzing the Federal State Educational Standards, it is found that the development of social and professional responsibility of students is not recorded as a necessary result of their training. Recently, professional standards have become a benchmark for higher education in terms of regulating the professional competencies of university graduates. The professional standards should define the level of employee’s responsibility, which serves as a defining characteristic of the qualification.Thus, there is a discrepancy between FSES and professional standards iregarding one of the key engineering competencies. This article focuses on this topic

Correction of adma-induced preeclampsia with the use of phosphodiesterase 5 and selective inhibitor of arginase II ZB49-0010

Simulation experimental ADMA-like preeclampsia was carried out by administering the rats with L-NAME during 14-20 days of pregnancy. In animals, there was an increase in blood pressure, proteinuria, impaired microcirculation in the placenta, the violation of the regulation of vascular tone and destructive changes in the ischemic placenta. The use of phosphodiesterase 5 and selective inhibitor of arginase II ZB49-0010 leads to the expression of morphological and functional correction of violations occurring in modeling of experimental preeclampsi

Engineering Pedagogy in the Context of Engineering Activity

Engineering pedagogy is a professional activity that forms and develops the required future engineers’ competences with the help of appropriate pedagogical tools and technologies. It is essential that engineering graduates were productive, ready to actively participate in the innovative development of the chosen sphere. Ongoing development of engineering activity, its modernization, improvement, expansion into other areas of activity requires adjustment, updating goals, means and methodology of educational activity in general and engineering pedagogy in particular. Today engineering pedagogy should focus on the issues of a new ontology of engineering activity. The article aims to clarify ontological and methodological foundations of engineering activity, consider it as a multidimensional and multivariate system of division of labour, an open dynamic interdependent system. The article dwell on the conception of engineering designing, which has a property of recursiveness so that engineering activity may design itself. The authors argue that namely activity ontology should become the basis of the new methodology of engineering pedagogy, which creates the tools for training new generations of engineers by means of continuous professional education of university teaching staff

Premartensitic Transition in Ni2+xMn1-xGa Heusler Alloys

The temperature dependencies of the resistivity and magnetization of a series of Ni2+XMn1-XGa (X = 0 - 0.09) alloys were investigated. Along with the anomalies associated with ferromagnetic and martensitic transitions, well-defined anomalies were observed at the temperature of premartensitic transformation. The premartensitic phase existing in a temperature range 200 - 260 K in the stoichiometric Ni2MnGa is suppressed by the martensitic phase with increasing Ni content and vanishes in Ni2.09Mn0.91Ga composition

Premartensitic transition driven by magnetoelastic interaction in bcc ferromagnetic Ni2MnGaNi_{2}MnGa

We show that the magnetoelastic coupling between the magnetization and the amplitude of a short wavelength phonon enables the existence of a first order premartensitic transition from a bcc to a micromodulated phase in $Ni_{2}MnGa$. Such a magnetoelastic coupling has been experimentally evidenced by AC susceptibility and ultrasonic measurements under applied magnetic field. A latent heat around 9 J/mol has been measured using a highly sensitive calorimeter. This value is in very good agreement with the value predicted by a proposed model.Comment: 4 pages RevTex, 3 Postscript figures, to be published in Physical Review Letter

Oil and Gas Education in Russia: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow

The role and importance of oil and gas in modern society cannot be overestimated. At the turn of the 18th century, with the advent of the first signs of fuel new to the world, the Russian state attached great importance to the creation of all conditions for the development of the oil business. This article highlights the background and development of oil and gas education in Russia, shows the stages of its formation in the post-Soviet space. Statistics is given on the number of students majoring in oil and gas direction on the territory in the Russian Federation. The authors dwell on the role of the Educational and Methodological Association in the formation of oil and gas education. Achievements and problems of oil and gas education functioning in Russia are considered

The role of digital consciousness in change management

The article deals with the problems of change management in the new conditions of superfragility of the BANI-world. Interpretations of the concepts of “transcendental thinking”, “digital consciousness”, “immersiveness” are given. The prerequisites substantiating the idea that transcendental thinking needs to be cultivated in the organisation in order to achieve effective management flexibility are presented. The latter is formed in the broader context of the digital consciousness organisational culture, without which it is impossible to set up the organisation’s staff for a positive perception of immersive management practices and the digital technologies productive use. Barriers to the transformation of organisational processes have been identified. It has been shown that the digital transformation of the organisation increases the resistance on the part of the staff by digital resistance plane, when aversion to any change correlates with a lack of ­understanding of digital opportunities. The relationship between the conceptual methodologies of digital consciousness and metacognition and the effectiveness of the formation of a change management strategy has been established