BAT According to Climatic Neutrality of Production of Steel Products

The purpose of this article is to estimate the best available technologies for values of the following technological numbers: fuel, ecological, depreciation, greenhouse and their sums. All these numbers have power dimension: t of conditional fuel/unit of production that allows to put them. The fuel technological number characterizes power consumption of production. The technological ecological number transfers a payment of the enterprise for environmental pollution to power units. The technological depreciation number transfers depreciation charges from rubles to power units. The technological greenhouse number translates a payment of the enterprise for emissions of greenhouse gases in power units. Technological numbers have through character – from extraction of raw materials before receiving finished goods. The best available technologies are characterized by the smallest sum of all technological numbers. Keywords: through power-ecological analysis, power ecological capacity of production of steel products, technological fuel ecological greenhouse number, best available technologies, climatic neutralit

Graph model for carbon dioxide emissions from metallurgical plants

Mathematical models are presented for estimating carbon dioxide emissions from metallurgical processes. The article also presents a new mathematical model in graph form to calculate transit and net emissions of carbon dioxide based on the estimates obtained for the individual processes. The graph model is used to compare the blast-furnace-converter process with the blast-furnace-EAF process. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Calculation of power consumption and issue of CO2 at various processes by the production of steel

Проведены сравнительные расчеты эмиссии диоксида углерода – парникового газа – при различных сочетаниях коксовых (доменная печь + конвертер, доменная печь + электродуговая печь или ЭДП) и бескоксовых (HyL-3 + ЭДП, MIDREX + ЭДП, ROMELT + ЭДП, COREX + ЭДП, ЭДП на ломе) процессов производства стали. Для сравнительной оценки технологических процессов приведено ранжирование по значению сквозной интегральной эмиссии парникового газа CO2. При производстве стали выявлены преимущества по значению эмиссии CO2 для процессов HyL-3 + ЭДП, Midrex + ЭДП.Comparative calculations of carbon dioxide emission - greenhouse gas at various combinations coke oven (a blast furnace – the converter, a blast furnace - the electric arc furnace or EAF) and the coke-free (HyL-3-EAF, MIDREX-EAF, ROMELT-EAF, COREX-EAF, EAF on scrap) processes for the production of steel are carried out. For comparative assessment of technological processes in the framework of the power-ecological analysis it is considered parameter of emission of CO2 greenhouse gas. Steel production advantages CO2 emissions when using processes of HyL-3 + EAF, Midrex + EAF are revealed

Comparative characterization of Leporipoxvirus members’ reproduction in continuous cell culture

Examination of the virus-cell interactions is of both scientific and practical importance. Our study was aimed at comparative characterization of rabbit myxoma virus and Shope fibroma virus biological properties that manifested during the virus reproduction in RK-13/2-03 clonal continuous rabbit kidney cell culture. It was demonstrated that the viruses varied in infection development and cytopathic effect duration in RK-13/2-03 cell culture. Apparent lesions in cell monolayers infected by myxoma virus and fibroma virus at similar multiplicity of infection and cultivation temperature were observed on day 2 and day 3 of cultivation, respec- tively, as well as maximum cell lesions with evident degeneration were observed on day 3 and day 6 of cultivation, respectively. Myxoma virus was accumulated at titre of 6.25–6.50 lg TCID50/0,2 cm3, and Shope fibroma virusа was accumulated at titre of 5.50−5.75 lg TCID50/0.2 cm3. Shope fibroma virus demonstrated such infectivity during three passages and myxoma virus demonstrated such infectivity during twenty passages. Prepared cultures were identified as myxoma virus and Shope fibroma virus with molecular genetic analysis. Tests of the viruses for their antigenic relatedness showed that antibodies against myxoma virus were able to neutralize Shope fibroma virus also. NT titres of antibodies against both viruses were similar (1:8). RK-13/2-03 cell culture was found to be highly permissive to Shope fibroma virus that had been isolated from the diseased rabbit and not been an attenuated variant

Pharmacists' mental health during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy

OBJECTIVE: The year 2020 was characterized by the outbreak of a new pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus named SARSCoV- 2. To face the pandemic, many countries worldwide imposed general lockdowns, closing all non-essential businesses. As primary care services, pharmacies had to remain open, thus putting pharmacy staff at significant risk of viral infection and overwork. This study aimed to assess the mental health of Italian Pharmacists, considering demographic and occupational characteristics, lifestyle, and habits, during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the subsequent lockdown period (March-May 2020). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A web-based survey was created using Google® Forms to collect data from March 30, 2020, to June 1, 2020. The questionnaire consisted of three sections investigating: (1) demographic and occupational variables, (2) lifestyle and habits variables, (3) psychological distress and perceived well-being. RESULTS: A total of 401 participants completed the questionnaire. Older workers and those with more work experience reported more psychological stress. Older and female workers, who felt lonely at home and reported psychological stress, perceived poor well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that the Sars-CoV-2 outbreak and subsequent lockdown rules affected pharmacists' mental health and that it is important to put in place preventive measures against the occurrence of mental disorders among them

Carbon Footprint of Aluminium

10995/27938Алюминий и его сплавы широко используются в различных отраслях металлургии и машиностроения. Возникает вопрос, как производство алюминия влияет наэмиссию парниковых газов, таких как диоксид углерода и метан. Причем, представляет интерес сквозная эмиссия углеродосодержащих (парниковых) газов, т. е. суммарная эмиссия во всех процессах технологической цепи, начиная с добычи сырья и заканчивая получением слитков. Понятие сквозной эмиссии эквивалентно понятию углеродный след. Здесь не рассматриваются вопросы определения сквозной эмиссии при получении продуктов прокатки или волочения. Конечной операцией в данном материале подразумевается получение жидкого алюминия.Aluminium and its alloys were widely used in various industries of metallurgy and mechanical engineering. The question arose as to how aluminium production affected the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Moreover, the end-to-end emission of carbon-containing (greenhouse) gases is of interest, that is, the total emission in all processes of the technological chain, from the extraction of raw materials to the production of ingots. The concept of end-to-end emission is equivalent to the concept of ear-to-wood trace. The issues of determining end-to-end emission in the production of rolling or drawing products are not considered here. The final step in this material is to obtain liquid aluminium

Taphonomic phenomenon of ancient hair from Glacial Beringia:perspectives for palaeoecological reconstructions

An accumulation of mammoth hair, discovered in the Bol'shaya Chukochya River valley (northeast Yakutia, Russia), was found to contain remains of terrestrial and aquatic organisms, including plants, insects, crustaceans, birds and mammals. Radiocarbon dating indicated that this post-mortem taphocoenosis represented multiple time periods. The mammoth hair was dated to older than 45 ka BP, the plants were dated to 12 750 +/- 50 a BP (which corresponds to a shift in the environmental conditions and landscapes during the formation of thermokarst in northeastern Russia) and the bird feathers were dated to 4115 +/- 40 a BP. A scenario of the formation of this fossil assemblage is proposed, covering the MIS 3-1 time range. The hair also yielded various Arctic branchiopod crustaceans, which inhabit shallow temporary water bodies and therefore are important for reconstruction of palaeoenvironments. The cladoceran subgenus Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia), currently absent from the Asian part of Beringia, is reported from this region for the first time. The study demonstrates that the discovered permafrostpreserved hair is a unique repository of Ice Age organisms.</p