41 research outputs found
Interference of outgoing electromagnetic waves generated by two point-like sources
An energy-momentum carried by electromagnetic field produced by two
point-like charged particles is calculated. Integration region considered in
the evaluation of the bound and emitted quantities produced by all points of
world lines up to the end points at which particles' trajectories puncture an
observation hyperplane . Radiative part of the energy-momentum contains,
apart from usual integrals of Larmor terms, also the sum of work done by
Lorentz forces of point-like charges acting on one another. Therefore, the
combination of wave motions (retarded Li\'enard-Wiechert solutions) leads to
the interaction between the sources.Comment: 38 pages, 13 figures, LaTeX2
Electron-positron pair production in the Aharonov-Bohm potential
In the framework of QED we evaluate the cross section for electron-positron
pair production by a single photon in the presence of the external
Aharonov-Bohm potential in first order of perturbation theory. We analyse
energy, angular and polarization distributions at different energy regimes:
near the threshold and at high photon energies.Comment: LaTeX file, 13 page
Properties of electrons scattered on a strong plane electromagnetic wave with a linear polarization: classical treatment
The relations among the components of the exit momenta of ultrarelativistic
electrons scattered on a strong electromagnetic wave of a low (optical)
frequency and linear polarization are established using the exact solutions to
the equations of motion with radiation reaction included (the Landau-Lifshitz
equation). It is found that the momentum components of the electrons traversed
the electromagnetic wave depend weakly on the initial values of the momenta.
These electrons are mostly scattered at the small angles to the direction of
propagation of the electromagnetic wave. The maximum Lorentz factor of the
electrons crossed the electromagnetic wave is proportional to the work done by
the electromagnetic field and is independent of the initial momenta. The
momentum component parallel to the electric field strength vector of the
electromagnetic wave is determined only by the diameter of the laser beam
measured in the units of the classical electron radius. As for the reflected
electrons, they for the most part lose the energy, but remain relativistic.
There is a reflection law for these electrons that relates the incident and the
reflection angles and is independent of any parameters.Comment: 12 pp, 3 fig
Formation of "Lightnings" in a Neutron Star Magnetosphere and the Nature of RRATs
The connection between the radio emission from "lightnings" produced by the
absorption of high-energy photons from the cosmic gamma-ray background in a
neutron star magnetosphere and radio bursts from rotating radio transients
(RRATs) is investigated. The lightning length reaches 1000 km; the lightning
radius is 100 m and is comparable to the polar cap radius. If a closed
magnetosphere is filled with a dense plasma, then lightnings are efficiently
formed only in the region of open magnetic field lines. For the radio emission
from a separate lightning to be observed, the polar cap of the neutron star
must be directed toward the observer and, at the same time, the lightning must
be formed. The maximum burst rate is related to the time of the plasma outflow
from the polar cap region. The typical interval between two consecutive bursts
is ~100 s. The width of a single radio burst can be determined both by the
width of the emission cone formed by the lightning emitting regions at some
height above the neutron star surface and by a finite lightning lifetime. The
width of the phase distribution for radio bursts from RRATs, along with the
integrated pulse width, is determined by the width of the bundle of open
magnetic field lines at the formation height of the radio emission. The results
obtained are consistent with the currently available data and are indicative of
a close connection between RRATs, intermittent pulsars, and extreme nullers.Comment: 24 pages, no figures, references update
Radiative Effects in the Standard Model Extension
The possibility of radiative effects induced by the Lorentz and CPT
non-invariant interaction term for fermions in the Standard Model Extension is
investigated. In particular, electron-positron photo-production and photon
emission by electrons and positrons are studied. The rates of these processes
are calculated in the Furry picture. It is demonstrated that the rates obtained
in the framework of the model adopted strongly depend on the polarization
states of the particles involved. As a result, ultra-relativistic particles
produced should occupy states with a preferred spin orientation, i.e., photons
have the sign of polarization opposite to the sign of the effective potential,
while charged particle are preferably in the state with the helicity coinciding
with the sign of the effective potential. This leads to evident spatial
asymmetries which may have certain consequences observable at high energy
accelerators, and in astrophysical and cosmological studies.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, Revtex4, to appear in Phys.Rev.D, misprints are
correcte
Renormalization in Lorentz-Abraham-Dirac Equation, Describing Radiation Force in Classical Electrodynamics (in Russian)
While he derived the equation for the radiation force, Dirac (1938) mentioned
a possibility to use different choices for the 4-momentum of an emitting
electron. Particularly, the 4-momentum could be non-colinear to the electron
4-velocity. This ambiguity in the electron 4-momentum allows us to assume that
the mass of emitting electron may be an operator, or, at least, a 4-tensor
instead of being the usually assumed scalar, which relates the 4-velocity of a
bare charge to the total momentum of a dressed point electron, the latter being
a total of the momentum of the bare electron and that of the own
electromagnetic field.
On applying the re-normalization procedure to the mass operator, we arrive at
an interesting dichotomy. The first choice (more close to traditional one)
ensures the radiation force to be orthogonal to the 4-velocity. In this way the
re-normalization results in the Lorentz-Abraham-Dirac equation or in the
Eliezer equation. However, the 4-momentum of electron in this case is not well
defined: the equality in the relativistic entity (E/c)^2=m^2c^2+p^2 appears to
be broken and even the energy is not definite positive. The latter is an
underlying reason for the 'run-away' solution.
The other choice is to require the radiation force to be orthogonal to the
4-momentum (not to the 4-velocity). In this case the energy and momentum are
well-defined and obey the relationship (E/c)^2=m^2c^2+p^2. Remarkably, the
equations of a particle's motion in this case differ significantly from all the
known versions. They appear to be well founded. They are simple, easy to solve,
and can be applied to simulate the particle motion in the focus of an
ultra-bright laser.Comment: The paper is to appear in JETP (August, 2009), both in Russian and in
Englis
Estimation of solar prominence magnetic fields based on the reconstructed 3D trajectories of prominence knots
We present an estimation of the lower limits of local magnetic fields in
quiescent, activated, and active (surges) promineces, based on reconstructed
3-dimensional (3D) trajectories of individual prominence knots. The 3D
trajectories, velocities, tangential and centripetal accelerations of the knots
were reconstructed using observational data collected with a single
ground-based telescope equipped with a Multi-channel Subtractive Double Pass
imaging spectrograph. Lower limits of magnetic fields channeling observed
plasma flows were estimated under assumption of the equipartition principle.
Assuming approximate electron densities of the plasma n_e = 5*10^{11} cm^{-3}
in surges and n_e = 5*10^{10} cm^{-3} in quiescent/activated prominences, we
found that the magnetic fields channeling two observed surges range from 16 to
40 Gauss, while in quiescent and activated prominences they were less than 10
Gauss. Our results are consistent with previous detections of weak local
magnetic fields in the solar prominences.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, 1 tabl
Electron spin polarization in realistic trajectories around the magnetic node of two counter-propagating, circularly polarized, ultra-intense lasers
It has recently been suggested that two counter-propagating, circularly polarized, ultra-intense lasers can induce a strong electron spin polarization at the magnetic node of the electromagnetic field that they setup (Del Sorbo et al 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 043407). We confirm these results by considering a more sophisticated description that integrates over realistic trajectories. The electron dynamics is weakly affected by the variation of power radiated due to the spin polarization. The degree of spin polarization differs by approximately 5% if considering electrons initially at rest or already in a circular orbit. The instability of trajectories at the magnetic node induces a spin precession associated with the electron migration that establishes an upper temporal limit to the polarization of the electron population of about one laser period
Delivering 21st century Antarctic and Southern Ocean science
The Antarctic Roadmap Challenges (ARC) project identified critical requirements to deliver high priority Antarctic research in the 21st century. The ARC project addressed the challenges of enabling technologies, facilitating access, providing logistics and infrastructure, and capitalizing on international co-operation. Technological requirements include: i) innovative automated in situ observing systems, sensors and interoperable platforms (including power demands), ii) realistic and holistic numerical models, iii) enhanced remote sensing and sensors, iv) expanded sample collection and retrieval technologies, and v) greater cyber-infrastructure to process ‘big data’ collection, transmission and analyses while promoting data accessibility. These technologies must be widely available, performance and reliability must be improved and technologies used elsewhere must be applied to the Antarctic. Considerable Antarctic research is field-based, making access to vital geographical targets essential. Future research will require continent- and ocean-wide environmentally responsible access to coastal and interior Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Year-round access is indispensable. The cost of future Antarctic science is great but there are opportunities for all to participate commensurate with national resources, expertise and interests. The scope of future Antarctic research will necessitate enhanced and inventive interdisciplinary and international collaborations. The full promise of Antarctic science will only be realized if nations act together
Electron scattering disintegration processes on light nuclei in covariant approach
We provide general analysis of electro-break up process of compound scalar system. We use covariant approach with conserved EM current, which gives the ability to include strong interaction into QED. Therefore, we receive the ability to describe disintegration processes on nonlocal matter fields applying standard Feynman rules of QED. Inclusion of phase exponent into wave function receives a physical sense while we deal with the dominance of strong interaction in the process. We apply Green’s function (GF) formalism to describe disintegration processes. Generalized gauge invariant electro-break up process amplitude is considered. One is a sum of traditional pole series and the regular part. We explore the deposits of regular part of amplitude, and its physical sense. A transition from virtual to real photon considered in photon point limit. The general analysis for electro-break up process of component scalar system is given. Precisely conserved nuclear electromagnetic currents at arbitrary square of transited momentum are received. The only undefined quantity in theory is vertex function. Therefore, we have the opportunity to describe electron scattering processes taking into account minimal necessary set of parameters