280 research outputs found
Coherent Umklapp Scattering of Light from Disordered Photonic Crystals
A theoretical study of the coherent light scattering from disordered photonic
crystal is presented. In addition to the conventional enhancement of the
reflected light intensity into the backscattering direction, the so called
coherent backscattering (CBS), the periodic modulation of the dielectric
function in photonic crystals gives rise to a qualitatively new effect:
enhancement of the reflected light intensity in directions different from the
backscattering direction. These additional coherent scattering processes,
dubbed here {\em umklapp scattering} (CUS), result in peaks, which are most
pronounced when the incident light beam enters the sample at an angle close to
the the Bragg angle. Assuming that the dielectric function modulation is weak,
we study the shape of the CUS peaks for different relative lengths of the
modulation-induced Bragg attenuation compared to disorder-induced mean free
path. We show that when the Bragg length increases, then the CBS peak assumes
its conventional shape, whereas the CUS peak rapidly diminishes in amplitude.
We also study the suppression of the CUS peak upon the departure of the
incident beam from Bragg resonance: we found that the diminishing of the CUS
intensity is accompanied by substantial broadening. In addition, the peak
becomes asymmetric.Comment: LaTeX, 8 two-column pages, 6 figures include
Geostatistically estimation and mapping of forest stock in a natural unmanaged forest in the Caspian region of Iran
Estimation and mapping of forest resources are preconditions for management, planning and research. In this
study, we applied kriging interpolation of geostatistics for estimation and mapping of forest stock at-tributes in
a natural, uneven-aged, unmanaged forest in the Caspian region of northern Iran. The site of the study has an
area of 516 ha and an elevation that ranges from 1100 to 1450 m a.s.l. Field sampling was per-formed on a 75m
× 200m systematic grid using 309 geo-referenced circular sample plots of 1000 m2 area. Experimental variograms
were calculated and plotted for basal area (BA), volume (V) and stem density (N). Whereas the calculated variograms of BA and V exhibited spatial auto-correlation only after data stratification based on diameter size classes and tree species, the variogram of stem density displayed a moderate spatial structure that was fitted by a
spherical model. Stem density was estimated by ordinary block kriging and the accuracy of estimation was
validated by cross-validation result. We conclude that geostatistical approaches have the potential to more accurately capture and describe the spatial variability of forest stock, and thus reduce the uncertainty in estimates
of stem density as well as produce more accurate stem density maps of forests in comparison with the spatially
uninformed classic method. Geostatistical methods provide a very suitable tool to derive more accurate estimates of growing stock, particularly in structurally complex, unmanaged, uneven-aged forest such as this one
from the Caspian region of northern Iran
Investigation on parasitoids of bark beetles with new host record (Taphrorychus lenkoranus Reitter, 1913 (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)) from Northern forests of Iran
The present study was carried out to identify parasitoids of bark beetles in the forests of northern Iran, from 2013–2015 (May–August). Four hymenopterans species belonging to 3 families (Eulophidae, Pteromalidae and Braconidae) were identified as Ecphylus silesiacus (Ratzeburg, 1848), Cheiropachus quadrum (Fabricius, 1787), Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker, 1834 and Entedon ergias (Ratzeburg, 1844). Among the identified bark beetles species, T. lenkoranus Reitter, 1913 was recorded as a new host of E. silesiacus for the first time in the world
Association of TNF-α G308A gene polymorphism in essential hypertensive patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study aims to investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) G308A gene polymorphism on essential hypertension (EHT) with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The project was conducted on buccal epithelial and blood cells for case and control patients, respectively. Epithelial cells were obtained from the inner part of the cheeks. Techniques including DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were utilized to assess biomarkers of DNA damage. Our results demonstrated significant differences between wild and mutated genotypes among EHT patients without T2DM. We also found a significant association between wild and mutated allele frequencies in EHT patients (P < 0.05). Clinical characteristics between the groups (EHT with or without T2DM and controls) showed statistically significant association (P < 0.05). Overall, we show that G308A polymorphism of the TNF-αgene may be a significant genetic risk factor for EHT without T2DM patients in Malaysia
Oral manifestations of COVID-19 and its management in pediatric patients: a systematic review and practical guideline
Objectives: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory infection that has spread worldwide and is responsible for a high death toll. Although respiratory symptoms are the most common, there is growing evidence that oral signs of COVID-19 can also be seen in children. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the available data on the oral manifestations of COVID-19 in children and to recommend appropriate methods of diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was done to discover relevant papers published between their establishment and January 2023. Articles detailing oral symptoms in pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were included, and data on clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes were extracted and evaluated. Results: A total of 24 studies involving 2112 pediatric patients with COVID-19 were included in the review. The most common presentations are oral lesions, taste and smell disorders, oral candidiasis, hemorrhagic crust, tongue discoloration, lip and tongue fissuring, gingivitis, and salivary gland inflammation. These manifestations were sometimes associated with multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or Kawasaki disease (KD). Management strategies varied depending on the severity of the oral manifestation and ranged from symptomatic relief with topical analgesics to systemic medications. Conclusion: Oral symptoms of COVID-19 are relatively prevalent in juvenile patients and can be accompanied by severe systemic diseases, such as MIS-C or Kawasaki illness. Early detection and adequate care of these oral symptoms are critical for the best patient results. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology and developing targeted treatments requires more investigation.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Anomalous Coherent Backscattering of Light from Opal Photonic Crystals
We studied coherent backscattering (CBS) of light from opal photonic crystals
in air at different incident inclination angles, wavelengths and along various
[hkl] directions inside the opals. Similar to previously obtained CBS cones
from various random media, we found that when Bragg condition with the incident
light beam is not met then the CBS cones from opals show a triangular line
shape in excellent agreement with light diffusion theory. At Bragg condition,
however, we observed a dramatic broadening of the opal CBS cones that depends
on the incident angle and [hkl] direction. This broadening is explained as due
to the light intensity decay in course of propagation along the Bragg direction
{\em before the first} and {\em after the last} scattering events. We modified
the CBS theory to incorporate the attenuation that results from the photonic
band structure of the medium. Using the modified theory we extract from our CBS
data the light mean free path and Bragg attenuation length at different [hkl].
Our study shows that CBS measurements are a unique experimental technique to
explore photonic crystals with disorder, when other spectroscopical methods
become ambiguous due to disorder-induced broadening.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores associated with Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz
This study aimed to investigate the diversity and types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with the
wild service tree, Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz in spring and autumn followed by identifying similarities among
the different study sites. Three different sites were selected including Kheiroud, Lalis, and Tarkin, in the Hyrcanian
forests, north of Iran. Five rhizosphere soil samples were collected from each site, and the spores were extracted.
Based on their morphological features, five species of AMF belonging to two families, i.e., Claroideoglomeraceae
(two species) and Glomeraceae (three species) were identified. The species richness of the studied sites was
identical with only the Kheiroud site presenting an additional species. Glomus badium was the most common AMF
species in Kheiroud and Lalis in spring and autumn. However, the most common species in Tarkin was Septoglomus
constrictum. The Shannon–Wiener indices of diversity and evenness and Simpson’s index of dominance (Ds)
showed no significant differences among the studied sites in the two seasons. In sum, it is recommended that the
colonized wild service tree seedlings be produced with the more relevant species identified in this study than with
commercial sources
Multiple light scattering in anisotropic random media
In the last decade Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS) has emerged as a
powerful tool to study turbid media. In this article we develop the formalism
to describe light diffusion in general anisotropic turbid media. We give
explicit formulas to calculate the diffusion tensor and the dynamic absorption
coefficient, measured in DWS experiments. We apply our theory to uniaxial
systems, namely nematic liquid crystals, where light is scattered from thermal
fluctuations of the local optical axis, called director. We perform a detailed
analysis of the two essential diffusion constants, parallel and perpendicular
to the director, in terms of Frank elastic constants, dielectric anisotropy,
and applied magnetic field. We also point out the relevance of our results to
different liquid crystalline systems, such as discotic nematics, smectic-A
phases, and polymer liquid crystals. Finally, we show that the dynamic
absorption coefficient is the angular average over the inverse viscosity, which
governs the dynamics of director fluctuations.Comment: 23 pages, 12 ps figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Analytical solutions to the third-harmonic generation in trans-polyacetylene: Application of dipole-dipole correlation on the single electron models
The analytical solutions for the third-harmonic generation (THG) on infinite
chains in both Su-Shrieffer-Heeger (SSH) and Takayama-Lin-Liu-Maki (TLM) models
of trans-polyacetylene are obtained through the scheme of dipole-dipole ()
correlation. They are not equivalent to the results obtained through static
current-current () correlation or under polarization operator
. The van Hove singularity disappears exactly in the analytical forms,
showing that the experimentally observed two-photon absorption peak (TPA) in
THG may not be directly explained by the single electron models.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Susceptibility calculations for alternating antiferromagnetic chains
Earlier work of Duffy and Barr consisting of exact calculations on alternating antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin‐1/2 chains is extended to longer chains of up to 12 spins, and subsequent extrapolations of thermodynamic properties, particularly the susceptibility, are extended to the weak alternation region close to the uniform limit. This is the region of interest in connection with the recent experimental discovery of spin‐Peierls systems. The extrapolated susceptibility curves are compared with corresponding curves calculated from the model of Bulaevskii, which has been used extensively in approximate theoretical treatments of a variety of phenomena. Qualitative agreement is observed in the uniform limit and persists for all degrees of alternation, but quantitative differences of about 10% are present over the whole range, including the isolated dimer limit. Potential application of the new susceptibility calculations to experiment is discussed
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