4,781 research outputs found
Opposite polarity field with convective downflow and its relation to magnetic spines in a sunspot penumbra
We discuss NICOLE inversions of Fe I 630.15 nm and 630.25 nm Stokes spectra
from a sunspot penumbra recorded with the CRISP imaging spectropolarimeter on
the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope at a spatial resolution close to 0.15". We
report on narrow radially extended lanes of opposite polarity field, located at
the boundaries between areas of relatively horizontal magnetic field (the
intra-spines) and much more vertical field (the spines). These lanes harbor
convective downflows of about 1 km/s. The locations of these downflows close to
the spines agree with predictions from the convective gap model (the "gappy
penumbra") proposed six years ago, and more recent 3D MHD simulations. We also
confirm the existence of strong convective flows throughout the entire
penumbra, showing the expected correlation between temperature and vertical
velocity, and having vertical RMS velocities of about 1.2 km/s.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A (06-March-2013). Minor corrections
made in this version
Superlattice Magnetophonon Resonances in Strongly Coupled InAs/GaSb Superlattices
We report an experimental study of miniband magnetoconduction in
semiconducting InAs/GaSb superlattices. For samples with miniband widths below
the longitudinal optical phonon energy we identify a new superlattice
magnetophonon resonance (SLMPR) caused by resonant scattering of electrons
across the mini-Brillouin zone. This new resonant feature arises directly from
the drift velocity characteristics of the superlattice dispersion and total
magnetic quantisation of the superlattice Landau level minibands.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Diluted Random Fields in Mixed Cyanide Crystals
A percolation argument and a dilute compressible random field Ising model are
used to present a simple model for mixed cyanide crystals. The model reproduces
quantitatively several features of the phase diagrams altough some crude
approximations are made. In particular critical thresholds x_c at which
ferroelastic first order transitions disappear, are calculated. Moreover,
transitions are found to remain first order down to x_c for all mixtures except
for bromine, for which the transition becomes continuous. All the results are
in full agreement with experimental data.Comment: 8 pages, late
Phase Transitions And Spatially Ordered Counterion Association In Ionic-lipid Membranes: A Statistical Model.
We propose a statistical model to account for the gel-fluid anomalous phase transitions in charged bilayer- or lamellae-forming ionic lipids. The model Hamiltonian comprises effective attractive interactions to describe neutral-lipid membranes as well as the effect of electrostatic repulsions of the discrete ionic charges on the lipid headgroups. The latter can be counterion dissociated (charged) or counterion associated (neutral), while the lipid acyl chains may be in gel (low-temperature or high-lateral-pressure) or fluid (high-temperature or low-lateral-pressure) states. The system is modeled as a lattice gas with two distinct particle types--each one associated, respectively, with the polar-headgroup and the acyl-chain states--which can be mapped onto an Ashkin-Teller model with the inclusion of cubic terms. The model displays a rich thermodynamic behavior in terms of the chemical potential of counterions (related to added salt concentration) and lateral pressure. In particular, we show the existence of semidissociated thermodynamic phases related to the onset of charge order in the system. This type of order stems from spatially ordered counterion association to the lipid headgroups, in which charged and neutral lipids alternate in a checkerboard-like order. Within the mean-field approximation, we predict that the acyl-chain order-disorder transition is discontinuous, with the first-order line ending at a critical point, as in the neutral case. Moreover, the charge order gives rise to continuous transitions, with the associated second-order lines joining the aforementioned first-order line at critical end points. We explore the thermodynamic behavior of some physical quantities, like the specific heat at constant lateral pressure and the degree of ionization, associated with the fraction of charged lipid headgroups.8403190
Magnetic ordering of EuTe/PbTe multilayers determined by x-ray resonant diffraction
In this work we use resonant x-ray diffraction combined with polarization analysis of the diffracted beam to study the magnetic ordering in EuTe/PbTe multilayers. The presence of satellites at the (1/2 1/2 1/2) magnetic reflection of a 50 /repetition EuTe/PbTe superlattice demonstrated the existence of magnetic correlations among the alternated EuTe layers. The behavior of the satellites intensity as T increases toward the Neel temperature T(N) indicates that these correlations persist nearly up to T(N) and suggests the preferential decrease of the magnetic order parameter of external monolayers of each EuTe layer within the superlattice. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.922
An Exact Calculation of the Energy Density of Cosmological Gravitational Waves
In this paper we calculate the Bogoliubov coefficients and the energy density
of the stochastic gravitational wave background for a universe that undergoes
inflation followed by radiation domination and matter domination, using a
formalism that gives the Bogoliubov coefficients as continous functions of
time. By making a reasonable assumption for the equation of state during
reheating, we obtain in a natural way the expected high frequency cutoff in the
spectral energy density.Comment: 12 pages+5 figures, uuencoded file,DF/IST-2.9
Dust-filled axially symmetric universes with a cosmological constant
Following the recent recognition of a positive value for the vacuum energy
density and the realization that a simple Kantowski-Sachs model might fit the
classical tests of cosmology, we study the qualitative behavior of three
anisotropic and homogeneous models: Kantowski-Sachs, Bianchi type-I and Bianchi
type-III universes, with dust and a cosmological constant, in order to find out
which are physically permitted. We find that these models undergo
isotropization up to the point that the observations will not be able to
distinguish between them and the standard model, except for the Kantowski-Sachs
model
with smaller than some critical value
. Even if one imposes that the Universe should be nearly
isotropic since the last scattering epoch (), meaning that the
Universe should have approximately the same Hubble parameter in all directions
(considering the COBE 4-Year data), there is still a large range for the matter
density parameter compatible with Kantowsky-Sachs and Bianchi type-III if
, for a very small . The
Bianchi type-I model becomes exactly isotropic owing to our restrictions and we
have in this case. Of course, all these models
approach locally an exponential expanding state provided the cosmological
constant .Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. Published in Physical Review D 1
Study of the Transition Effect with the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter
With the aim to establish the electromagnetic energy scale of the ATLAS Tile calorimeter and understanding the performance of the calorimeter to electrons 12% of modules have been exposed in electron beams with various energies. On a basis of the obtained electromagnetic calibration constants we have determined the e/mip values in dependence of the absorber thickness using different beam incident angles. We have observed the transition effect (e/mip < 1) and, for the first time, its behaviour as a function of the absorber thickness --- the e/mip ratio decreases logarithmically when the absorber thickness increases this is well described by the GEANT4 version 6.2 Monte Carlo simulation. These results are important for precision electromagnetic energy scale determination for the ATLAS Tile calorimeter
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