Одержання моделей комбінованих імунобіологічних препаратів, що володіють противірусною та імунокорегуючою дією для забезпечення протективного імунітету

У статті розглянуто імунобіологічна активність людського гранулоцитарного колоніє стимулюючого фактора Г-КСФ (Філстим), інтерферону α-2b рекомбінантного (Лаферобіон), Герпевіру (міжнародна назва Ацикловір) та нанорозмірного біополімеру клітинної стінки Staphylococcus aureus. Також проаналізовано впливи моделей комбінованих імунобіологічних препаратів для забезпечення протективного імунітету та оптимізацію процесу виробництва препарату, що володіє противірусною, імуномодулюючою та імунокорегуючою дією. Показано, що при комбінованому застосуванні досліджуваного біополімера стафілокока (білку-адгезину ЕАР) та фармацевтичних препаратів спостерігали синергізм дії по імуномодулюючим властивостями, продукції захисних цитокінів та забезпеченні протективного імунітету. Отже отриманий нанорозмірний біополімер може бути використаний для моделювання біофармацевтичних препаратів з подібними властивостями.The article discusses the immunobiological activity of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) (Filsm), recombinant interferon α-2b (Laferobion), Herpevir (international name Acyclovir) and nano-sized cell wall biopolymer of Staphylococcus aureus. We analyzed the effect of the combinations of these drugs on the development of protective immunity and conducted optimization of the drug production process to achieve antiviral, immunomodulatory and immuneregulating effects. Application of the staphylococcal adherence protein (EAP) biopolymer in combination with aforementioned drugs resulted in synergistic immunomodulatory activity, production of protective cytokines, and enhancement of protective immunity. Thus, a nano-sized biopolymer can be used to potentiate other drugs with similar properties

DERIVATIZATION OF PHOTOACTIVE STRUCTURES SI(N+)/SI(P)/SI(P+) THROUGH ION-BEAM CRYSTALLIZATION

The physical and mathematical mass-transfer model of the ion-beam crystallization method is developed. The derivatization of photoactive structures Si(n+)/Si(p)/Si(p+) on 100 mm substrates through ion-beam crystallization is considered. The optimum conditions for the process: residual pressure in the growth chamber — 10−4 Pa; the substrate temperature — 550 °C; ion current density — 2 mA/cm2; acceleration voltage — 400 V; target — substrate distance — 150 mm are determined. The scanning electron microscopy data show that the grown photoactive structures have closely a faultless surface. The results demonstrate that the photoactive structures Si(n+)/Si(p)/Si(p+) offer the external quantum efficiency over 90 % in the wavelength range of 550—900 nm (spectrum AM 1.5) under the following conditions: front layer thickness Si(n+) — 100 nm; donor doping density n+ = 5∙1018 cm−3; layer thickness Si(p) — 130 μm; acceptor doping density p = 2∙1016 cm−3; layer thickness Si(p+) — 500 nm; acceptor doping density p+ = 1∙1018 cm−3

ІМОВІРНІСНА МОДЕЛЬ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УРАЖЕННЯ НАПІВПРОВІДНІКОВІХ РАДІОЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ШЛЯХОМ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПОСЛІДОВНОСТЕЙ КОРОТКИХ ІМПУЛЬСІВ

Probabilistic model of functional damage of semiconductor elements using sequences of ultrashort high-power signals proposed. The model allows to determine the probability of damage appearance in different types of semiconductor components for normal distribution of the thermal energy released during the energy absorption of electromagnetic waves. Quantitative estimates for the probability of receiving devices input circuits failure using short-pulse high-power signals sequence represented.Запропонована ймовірнісна модель функціонального ураження напівпровідникових елементів внаслідок використання послідовностей потужних ультракоротких сигналів. Модель дозволяє визначити ймовірність появи пошкоджень у різних типах напівпровідникових елементів за нормального закону розподілення теплової енергії, що виділяється у процесі поглинання енергії електромагнітних коливань. Отримані кількісні оцінки для ймовірності відмов вхідних трактів приймальних пристроїв у разі використання послідовностей потужних короткоімпульсних сигналів

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ВИМОГ ДО ПАРАМЕТРІВ СИГНАЛІВ ДЛЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УРАЖЕННЯ ЗАСОБІВ ЗВ’ЯЗКУ

The possibilities of using multi-frequency space-time and ultra-wideband signals for the functional defeat of communication receivers and control systems input channels. Reasonable time and energy parameters of ultrashort signals are sufficient for the functional defeat the radio components are informed.Розглянуто можливості застосування багаточастотних просторово-часових і надширокосмугових сигналів наносекундної тривалості для функціонального ураження вхідних трактів приймальних пристроїв засобів зв’язку та систем управління. Обґрунтовано часові та енергетичні параметри ультракоротких сигналів, достатні для функціонального ураження радіокомпонентів

To problem of hydrogen embrittlement of steel at droplet impingement erosion

Introduction. The work is devoted to the problem of the hydrogen saturation of steel parts skin at their high-speed impacts with a water-drop flow. A hypothesis of the water molecules dissociation at high-speed drop impacts was suggested in a number of papers. This hypothesis was confirmed by some experimental data. The effect of this dissociation is hydrogen embrittlement of the metal surface layer. The work objective is the calculation and experimental verification of the given mechanism of the erosion destruction of the steel surface. Materials and Methods. Energy equations of various ways of the water molecules dissociation are considered for the calculation-analytical estimates. The Tate and van der Waals equations are used with allowance for the change in the phase states of water at impact. Experimental data are obtained on the basis of spectral analysis using visible monochromatic (qualitative analysis) and infrared (quantitative analysis) emissions. Research Results. An improved calculation apparatus is proposed to determine the energy level of the water molecules dissociation and free hydrogen release with account for the compressibility of water at achievable impact speeds. The results of spectral studies of bubble tracks formed on the experimental steel samples under the bench erosion tests are presented. The spectral analysis shows that the tracks are composed of air bubbles. Free hydrogen is not detected in them. Discussion and Conclusions. The calculated and experimental data obtained in this paper do not give grounds for confirming the hypothesis of hydrogen dissociation under the water-drop impacts with a steel surface in the impact velocity range of 200-600 m / s. Therefore, the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement, apparently, should be excluded from the number of additive components of the droplet impingement erosive wear

Construction of Methods for Determining the Contours of Objects on Tonal Aerospace Images Based on the Ant Algorithms

A method has been proposed for determining contours of objects on tonal aerospace images based on ant algorithms. The method, in contrast to those already known, takes into consideration patterns in the image formation; the ant algorithm is used for determining the contours. Determining an object's contours in the image has been reduced to calculating the fitness function, the totality of agents' motion areas, and the pheromone concentration along agents' motion routes.We have processed a tonal image for determining the contours of objects using a method based on the ant algorithm. In order to reduce the number of "junk" objects, the main principles and stages of the method for multi-scale processing of aerospace images based on the ant algorithm have been outlined. Determining the contours on images with a different value of the scale factor is carried out applying a method based on the ant algorithm. In addition, we rescale images with a different scale factor value to the original size and calculate the image filter. The resulting image is a pixelwise product of the original image and the image filter.The multiscale processing of tonal aerospace images with different scale values has been performed using methods based on the ant algorithms. It was established that application of a multi-scale processing reduces the number of "junk" objects. At the same time, due to multi-scale processing, not the objects' contours are determined but the objects in full.We estimated errors of first and second kind in determining the contours of objects on tonal aerospace images based on the ant algorithms. It was established that using the constructed methods has made it possible to reduce the first and second kind errors in determining the contours on tonal aerospace images by the magnitude of 18–22 % on averag

Development of Methods for Determining the Coordinates of Firing Positions of Roving Mortars by A Network of Counter-battery Radars

The mathematical formulation of the problem of determining the coordinates of targets in the network of counter-battery radars is formulated. It has been established that the problem of estimating the coordinates of targets in the network of counter-battery radars for an excessive number of estimates of primary coordinates should be considered as a statistical problem. The method for determining the coordinates of the firing positions of roving mortars has been improved, in which, in contrast to the known ones, the coordinates of targets on the flight trajectory are coordinated with space and time and the information is processed by a network of counter-battery radars. The developed simulation mathematical model for determining the coordinates of the firing positions of roving mortars by a network of counter-battery radars. Simulation modeling of the method for determining the coordinates of the firing positions of roving mortars by a network of counter-battery radars has been carried out. It has been established that the use of a network of radars makes it possible to increase the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the firing means on average from 23 % to 71 %, depending on the number of counter-battery radars in the network. It has also been found that the appropriate number of counter-battery warfare radars in the network is three or four. A further increase in the number of counter-battery warfare radars in the network does not lead to a significant increase in the accuracy of determining the coordinates of artillery and mortar firing positions. In carrying out further research, it is necessary to develop a method for the spatial separation of elements of a group of targets and interfering objects by a network of counter-battery warfare radar