Obtaining neodymium from melts by electrolysis

The mechanism of electrode reactions at electrochemical obtaining neodymium and neodymium-iron alloy from fluoride oxide systems has been studied. Current-voltage dependences of electrochemical processes in melts containing fluorine salts of lithium, potassium, sodium and neodymium oxide were analyzed. Neodymium current yield values, optimal process variables: current density, temperature, melt composition were determined. Electrolyzers constructions were optimized, experimental-industrial electrolyzer was designed, process instrument flow diagram was develope

Dynamics of Alfvén waves in the night-side ionospheric Alfvén resonator at mid-latitudes

International audienceA numerical solution of the problem on dynamics of shear-mode Alfvén waves in the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) region at middle latitudes at nighttime is presented for a case when a source emits a single pulse of duration ? into the resonator region. It is obtained that a part of the pulse energy is trapped by the IAR. As a result, there occur Alfvén waves trapped by the resonator which are being damped. It is established that the amplitude of the trapped waves depends essentially on the emitted pulse duration ? and it is maximum at ?=(3/4)T, where T is the IAR fundamental period. The maximum amplitude of these waves does not exceed 30% of the initial pulse even under optimum conditions. Relatively low efficiency of trapping the shear-mode Alfvén waves is caused by a difference between the optimum duration of the pulse and the fundamental period of the resonator. The period of oscillations of the trapped waves is approximately equal to T, irrespective of the pulse duration ?. The characteristic time of damping of the trapped waves ?dec is proportional to T, therefore the resonator Q-factor for such waves is independent of T. For a periodic source the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the IAR has a local minimum at the frequency ?/?=(3/4)T, and the waves of such frequency do not accumulate energy in the resonator region. At the fundamental frequency ?=2?/T the amplitude of the waves coming from the periodic source can be amplified in the resonator region by more than 50%. This alone is a basic difference between efficiencies of pulse and periodic sources of Alfvén waves. Explicit dependences of the IAR characteristics (T, ?dec, Q-factor and eigenfrequencies) on the altitudinal distribution of Alfvén velocity are presented which are analytical approximations of numerical results

Влияние фотодинамической терапии на уровень матриксных металлопротеиназ при плоскоклеточном раке кожи

The effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the level of matrix metalloproteinases in squamous cell skin cancer (SCSC) was studied. The study involved 202 people, including 185 patients with SCSC, who were on outpatient and inpatient treatment in medical institutions of Engels and Saratov during the period from 2015 to 2019, and 17 donors. The study design included studies in three main groups. The first (intervention) group included 74 (36.6%) patients with SCSC who underwent combined treatment, including PDT at the first stage and surgical treatment at the second stage. The second group consisted of 111 (55.0%) patients with SCSC who underwent only surgical treatment. The third group consisted of 17 (8.4%) relatively healthy volunteer donors, comparable in age and sex with the patients of the main group. As a result of the study, it was found that the level of metalloproteinase-1 inhibitor (TIMP-1) in the blood serum of patients with SCSC was reduced compared with physiologically normal indicators, which led to a statistically significant increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMPs-2, MMPs-7 and MMPs-9. Performing only surgical treatment for this pathology does not lead to a complete recovery of these indicators. However, the use of combined treatment including PDT showed a statistically significant increase in the amount of TIMP-1 before the start of surgical treatment, which naturally led to a decrease in MMPs-2, MMPs-7 and MMPs-9. Later, after excision of the tumor, the patients of this group had a complete normalization of TIMP-1, which, in turn, contributed to a decrease and then restoration of the number of MMPs-2, MMPs-7 and MMPs-9 to physiologically normal values.Изучено влияние фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ) на уровень матриксных металлопротеиназ при плоскоклеточном раке кожи (ПКРК).  В исследовании участвовали 202 человека, из них 185 пациентов с ПКРК, находившихся на амбулаторном и стационарном лечении в лечебных учреждениях г. Энгельса и г. Саратова в период с 2015 по 2019 гг., и 17 доноров. Дизайн исследования включал в себя исследования в  трех группах. В первую (основную) группу пациентов вошли 74 (36,6%) больных ПКРК, которым было проведено комбинированное лечение, включающее на первом этапе ФДТ, на втором – хирургическое лечение. Вторую группу составили 111 (55,0%) больных ПКРК, которым  было выполнено только хирургическое лечение. Третья группа состояла из 17 (8,4%) относительно здоровых доноров-добровольцев, сопоставимых по возрасту и полу с пациентами основной группы. В результате проведенного исследования было установлено, что уровень  ингибитора металлопротеиназы-1 (TIMP-1) в сыворотке крове у пациентов с ПКРК понижен по сравнению с физиологически нормальны-  ми показателями, что приводило к статистически достоверному повышению показателей матричных металлопротеиназ (MMPs): MMPs-2,  MMPs-7 и MMPs-9. Выполнение только хирургического лечения при ПКРК не приводит к полному восстановлению данных показателей.  Однако применение комбинированного лечения, включающего ФДТ, позволило уже до начала хирургического этапа статистически достоверно увеличить количество TIMP-1, что закономерно приводило к снижению уровня MMPs-2, MMPs-7 и MMPs-9. После иссечения опухоли  у пациентов этой группы установлена полная нормализация TIMP-1, что, в свою очередь, способствовало снижению, а затем восстановлению количества MMPs-2, MMPs-7 и MMPs-9 до физиологически нормальных значений

The Journal “Higher Education in Russia”: 30 Years of Research and Reflection

The round-table discussion dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the journal Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii (Higher Education in Russia) took place on October 26, 2022 within the framework of XIII International conference of higher education (ICHE). Since its founding, the journal acts as a platform to discuss the urgent issues of higher education. In different periods, the researchers discussed competence-based approach, Bologna process, online education, quality of higher education, educational policy, educational management, assessment of learning outcomes, training of highly skilled researchers and teaching personnel, digitalization of education and many others. Today higher education in Russia is at a turning point of its history. We should impartially evaluate the path traveled, what has been achieved and what are the consequences. A look at the past became the subject of the round-table discussion

Foot and mouth disease: risk factors and control measures (review)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is classified by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as a Schedule A disease. Given the potential for rapid spread of the disease, all suspected cases should be reported and investigated immediately. Understanding the mechanism of FMD spread and control measures is key to outbreak investigation and allows the source of an outbreak to be traced along with potential routes of further spread. Foot-and-mouth disease is endemic in vast areas of Africa, Asia and South America. In 2022, the following countries remain unfavorable for FMD: Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Israel, Indonesia, UAE, Palestine, Algeria, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Tunisia, South Africa. In Russia, in 2022, foot and mouth disease was not registered. There are seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus: O, A, C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3. Cattle, buffalo, sheep, pigs, goats, African buffalo, deer, yaks and other artiodactyls are susceptible to it. The two principle ways in which an animal can become infected are by inhalation of virus particles in the air, and by ingestion of food material containing virus particles, also through abrasions, contaminated instruments or artificial insemination. Up to 50 % of ruminant animals become persistently infected after clinical recover and termed a "carrier". Key risk factors for virus introduction are the introduction of a new animal into the herd with an unknown FMD vaccination status, seasonality, lack of vaccination, herd size. The cause of infection is often the uncontrolled or illegal movement of livestock. The main risk of FMD introduction comes from livestock, vehicles, people directly working with livestock susceptible to FMD, wild animals. The key principles of biosecurity are isolation of sick animals, cleaning and disinfection of premises and equipment. Foot-and-mouth disease is a major barrier to international trade in livestock and animal products, so countries free of the disease are taking increased precautions to prevent the virus from entering

To the 75th anniversary of corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, honored scientist of the Russian Federation, professor Boris G. Yushkov

The article is devoted to the 75th anniversary of the famous pathophysiologist Boris G. Yushkov. His life and professional path, scientific achievements are described. His works laid the foundations of immunophysiology and immunopathophysiology. He made a significant contribution to the development of views on the mechanisms of regulation of hematopoiesis. Colleagues and students of Professor Yushkov heartily congratulate him on his outstanding anniversary and wish him good health, further creative success and long years of productive service to science and pathophysiology.Статья посвящена 75‑летнему юбилею известного ученого‑патофизиолога Бориса Германовича Юшкова. Описывается его жизненный и профессиональный путь, научные достижения. В его работах были заложены основы иммунофизиологии и иммунопатофизиологии. Он внес существенный вклад в развитие взглядов на механизмы регуляции гемопоэза. Коллеги и ученики Бориса Германовича от всей души поздравляют его с выдающимся юбилеем и желают крепкого здоровья, дальнейших творческих успехов и долгих лет продуктивного служения науке и патофизиологии

Influence of combined transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and stellate liver cells on its morphofunctional state after partial hepatectomy

The aim of the study was to study the changes in the morphofunctional state of the liver after the combined transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal (MMSC) and stellate liver cells (ZCP) in animals with partial hepatectomyЦелью исследования было изучение изменения морфофункционального состояния печени после проведения сочетанной трансплантации мультипотентных мезенхимальных стромальных (ММСК) и звездчатых клеток печени (ЗКП) животным с частичной гепатэктомией

Autophagy: types, mechanisms, role in physiological and pathological processes

The article provides up-to-date information on the types, mechanisms, regulation and role of autophagy in physiological and pathological cellular and body responses. This article actualizes the problems of discovery of the processes of autophagy.В статье представлена актуальная информация о типах, механизмах, регуляции и роли аутофагии в физиологических и патологических клеточных и организменных ответах. Данная статья актуализирует проблемы изучения процессов аутофагии

Performance assessment of 3rd year students of medical preventive faculty in the discipline «Pathological physiology»

In this article are presented the analysis of the academic performance in the subject "pathological physiology" of the third year students of the preventive medicine faculty. The activities to improve students performance are considered.В статье представлен анализ успеваемости студентов 3 курса медико-профилактического факультета по дисциплине «Патологическая физиология». Предложены мероприятия по повышению успеваемости студентов

Involvement of students in research work at the department of pathological physiology

The aim of the study was to analyze the activities of the student scientific society of the Department of pathological physiology for the period from 2016 to 2018 academic years. Over the past three years, there has been a positive trend in increasing the number of coursework and in increasing the average score on the results of the exam in Pathological physiology. The creation of an experimental laboratory equipped with modern equipment, the possibility of interaction with advanced research centers for the exchange of experience contributed to the involvement of students in scientific activities. The results show that the increase in attendance of students of the student scientific society, their involvement in research work from 2016 to 2018 contributed to the improvement of their academic performance.Целью исследования было проанализировать деятельность студенческого научного общества кафедры патологической физиологии за период с 2016 по 2018 учебные годы. За последние три года отмечена положительная динамика в увеличении количества курсовых работ и в повышении среднего балла по итогам сдачи экзамена по патологической физиологии. Привлечению студентов к научной деятельности способствовало создание экспериментальной лаборатории, оснащенной современным оборудованием, обеспечение возможности взаимодействия с передовыми научными центрами для обмена опытом. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что увеличение посещаемости учащимися студенческого научного общества, вовлеченности их в научно-исследовательскую работу с 2016 по 2018 годы способствовало повышению их успеваемости