Extreme plasma states in laser-governed vacuum breakdown

Triggering vacuum breakdown at the upcoming laser facilities can provide rapid electron-positron pair production for studies in laboratory astrophysics and fundamental physics. However, the density of the emerging plasma should seemingly stop rising at the relativistic critical density, when the plasma becomes opaque. Here we identify the opportunity of breaking this limit using optimal beam configuration of petawatt-class lasers. Tightly focused laser fields allow plasma generation in a small focal volume much less than ${\lambda}^3$, and creating extreme plasma states in terms of density and produced currents. These states can be regarded as a new object of nonlinear plasma physics. Using 3D QED-PIC simulations we demonstrate the possibility of reaching densities of more than $10^{25}$ cm$^{-3}$, which is an order of magnitude higher than previously expected. Controlling the process via the initial target parameters gives the opportunity to reach the discovered plasma states at the upcoming laser facilities

Tien-Shan effect and charmed particles

It is shown that the Tien-Shan effect can be explained as a consequence of charmed particle production with a sufficiently high production cross-section (about 5 mb/nucleon at 100 TeV)

The development and improvement of executive training programs using the example of higher school of systems engineering moscow institute of physics and technology

In the article a unique program for Russia of training managers in the Systems Engineering is considered, the strengths of this program graduates are presented. The dynamics of the program development for five years its correlation with the indicators of the training effectiveness are shown in detailРассматривается уникальная для России программа подготовки руководящих кадров в области системного инжиниринга, анализируются сильные стороны выпускников данной программы. Подробно представлена динамика развития программы за пять лет и ее корреляция с показателями эффективности обучени

Mineral Water Tib-2 in Treatment of Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Purpose: To examine the role of drinking mineral water Tib-2 in complex rehabilitation of patients in the NASH stationary phase. Material and methods. Observations of 60 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with minimal activity of the pathological process are carried out. Results. The positive dynamics of main indicators of hepato-biliary system function (lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and cytokine status hemocoagulation) in complex application of spa phytofactors and drugs is significantly more pronounced (18.5%) compared to only medical and physiotherapy. Summary. The use of brackish drinking mineral water on the stationary phase of treatment of patients with NASH is feasible and promising

Origin of magnetic moments and presence of a resonating valence bond state in Ba2_2YIrO6_6

While it was speculated that 5$d^4$ systems would possess non-magnetic $J$~=~0 ground state due to strong Spin-Orbit Coupling (SOC), all such systems have invariably shown presence of magnetic moments so far. A puzzling case is that of Ba$_2$YIrO$_6$, which in spite of having a perfectly cubic structure with largely separated Ir$^{5+}$ ($d^4$) ions, has consistently shown presence of weak magnetic moments. Moreover, we clearly show from Muon Spin Relaxation ($\mu$SR) measurements that a change in the magnetic environment of the implanted muons in Ba$_2$YIrO$_6$ occurs as temperature is lowered below 10~K. This observation becomes counterintuitive, as the estimated value of SOC obtained by fitting the RIXS spectrum of Ba$_2$YIrO$_6$ with an atomic $j-j$ model is found to be as high as 0.39~eV, meaning that the system within this model is neither expected to possess moments nor exhibit temperature dependent magnetic response. Therefore we argue that the atomic $j-j$ coupling description is not sufficient to explain the ground state of such systems, where despite having strong SOC, presence of hopping triggers delocalisation of holes, resulting in spontaneous generation of magnetic moments. Our theoretical calculations further indicate that these moments favour formation of spin-orbital singlets in the case of Ba$_2$YIrO$_6$, which is manifested in $\mu$SR experiments measured down to 60~mK.Comment: 20 Pages, 7 Figure