(1R,2R,3R,4S,5S)-3-Methyl-8-oxa­bicyclo­[3.2.1]oct-6-ene-2,4-diyl diacetate

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C12H16O5, has crystallographically imposed mirror symmetry with the mirror plane passing through the endocyclic O atom and the mid-point of the double bond. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains running along the a axis

Modos de melhorar a gestão ambiental através da introdução de produtos biocombustíveis na economia da russa

Environmental management plays a central role in the social and economic development of today's world. Its key problems can be solved by using more effective methods of encouraging economic entities to find the most effective ways of introducing biofuel products in their production cycle. The article discusses these ways and methods and justifies the strategy of increasing biofuels production in Russian regions. The structure and algorithms of building a new green economy in Russia are revealed, and economic risks and opportunities for the biofuel products introduction are identified within the framework of the improvement of national environmental management efficiency. In our study we have used the analytical, expert and system-economic research methods. La gestión ambiental juega un papel central en el desarrollo social y económico del mundo de hoy. Sus problemas clave pueden resolverse utilizando métodos más efectivos para alentar a las entidades económicas a encontrar las formas más efectivas de introducir productos de biocombustibles en su ciclo de producción. El artículo analiza estas formas y métodos y justifica la estrategia de aumentar la producción de biocombustibles en las regiones rusas. Se revelan la estructura y los algoritmos de construcción de una nueva economía verde en Rusia, y se identifican riesgos y oportunidades económicas para la introducción de productos de biocombustibles en el marco de la mejora en la eficiencia de la gestión ambiental nacional. En nuestro estudio, hemos utilizado los métodos de investigación analítica, experta y económica del sistema.A gestão ambiental desempenha um papel central no desenvolvimento social e econômico do mundo atual. Seus principais problemas podem ser resolvidos usando métodos mais eficazes para incentivar entidades econômicas a encontrar as formas mais eficazes de introduzir produtos de biocombustíveis em seu ciclo de produção. O artigo analisa essas formas e métodos e justifica a estratégia de aumentar a produção de biocombustíveis nas regiões russas. A estrutura e os algoritmos para a construção de uma nova economia verde na Rússia são revelados, e riscos econômicos e oportunidades para a introdução de produtos de biocombustíveis são identificados no âmbito da melhoria da eficiência da gestão ambiental nacional. Em nosso estudo, utilizamos os métodos de pesquisa analítica, especializada e econômica do sistema

Trigonal-bipyramidal Anion [Ph2Cl3Sn]- in the Structure of N-[(Diethylphosphoryl)methyl] piperidinium Diphenyltrichlorostannate(IV)

Crystal structure of N-(diethylphosphoryl)methyl-piperidinium diphenyltrichlorostannate(IV), C10H23NO3P+ C12H10Cl3Sn- has been determined, a = 11.416(2), b = 11.582(2), c = 12.491(2) Å, α = 69.82(2), β = 81.22(2), γ = 60.73(2)°, space group P1̅, 4493 reflections, R(F) = 0.0271, wR(F2) = 0.0712. The structure consists of isolated trigonal-bipyramidal anions and hydrogen-bonded dimers formed by cations. The impact of secondary Sn⋅⋅⋅Cl interactions on the geometry of complex anions is discussed

3-exo-Chloro-8-oxabicyclo­[3.2.1]oct-6-ene-2,4-diol chloro­form 0.33-solvate

The title compound, 3C7H9ClO3·CHCl3, crystallizes with mol­ecules of 3-exo-chloro-8-oxabicyclo­[3.2.1]oct-6-ene-2,4-diol (A) and chloro­form in a 3:1 ratio, in the space group R3m. Mol­ecules of A straddle a crystallographic mirror plane, whereas the chloro­form mol­ecules (C and H atoms) lie additionally on the threefold axis. The mol­ecules of A are linked into right- and left-helical chains by means of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, thus forming columns running along the c axis. Six inter­penetrated columns form a channel in which the solvent mol­ecules (chloro­form) are located

Stability of the inverse resonance problem on the line

In the absence of a half-bound state, a compactly supported potential of a Schr\"odinger operator on the line is determined up to a translation by the zeros and poles of the meropmorphically continued left (or right) reflection coefficient. The poles are the eigenvalues and resonances, while the zeros also are physically relevant. We prove that all compactly supported potentials (without half-bound states) that have reflection coefficients whose zeros and poles are \eps-close in some disk centered at the origin are also close (in a suitable sense). In addition, we prove stability of small perturbations of the zero potential (which has a half-bound state) from only the eigenvalues and resonances of the perturbation.Comment: 21 page

MOTOR ACCELERATION TIME OPTIMIZATION BY THE CHANGE OF THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE VALUE

Abstract. It is proved that the deviation of the voltage from the nominal values, often leads to overheating of the motor windings, which reduces the insulation life to a great extent.The task of determining the change in the acceleration time of the motor depending on the switching time of its supply voltage is set. The modeling of DC motor 2ПН132М operation in the short- run changes in starting voltage from 380 V to 220 V - which is its nominal value-is carried out. By sweep method is determined the optimum time for switching the supply voltage of the motor. Mathematical dependencies and simulation results are presented

4-Chloro-2-[(E)-(4-nitro­phen­yl)diazenyl]phenol

The title compound, C12H8ClN3O3, in the crystalline state and in solution, exists in the azo form, as predicted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The mol­ecule is approximately planar [the dihedral angle between the rings is 1.83 (8)°], with the nitro group slightly twisted [13.4 (2)°] relative to the benzene ring. Translationally related mol­ecules form stacks along [010] with an inter­planar distance of 3.400 (2) Å. The hydroxy group forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the azo N atom

БАКТЕРИОФАГИ КАК ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЕ ПРОТИВОЭПИДЕМИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА ДЛЯ КУПИРОВАНИЯ ВСПЫШЕК ВНУТРИБОЛЬНИЧНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ

Antibiotic resistance threatens the effective prevention and treatment of healthcare associated infections which are the most frequent adverse event in health-care settings worldwide. There is an urgent need to investigate alterative preventive and treatment options while there are still a few antibiotics left. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has been championed as a promising alternative to antibiotics.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a therapeutic bacteriophages to control of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia outbreaks in newborn intensive care units.Materials and methods. Commercial bacteriophage cocktails targeting these paphogens was orally and locally given over 5 days to patients of neonatal intensive care units in Saint-Petersburg, Russia.Results. Bacteriophages were used as antimicrobial agents for control of three S.aureus outbreaks and one K.pneumonia outbreak. S.aureus infection incidence during the three outbreaks were 22.2%, 54.5% and 50.0% accordingly, and K.pneumoniae outbreak – 19.0%. After application of the phage cocktails among newborns, the incidence of infections caused by S.aureus and K. pneumoniae decreased to zero. All treatments were well tolerated. No adverse events were reported.Conclusion. Presented results clearly demonstrate high efficiency of bacteriophages. Phages have several features that make them potentially attractive antibacterial agents. Bacteriopahges are highly specific and very effective in destroying targeted bacteria, have only minimally impact on health-protecting normal flora bacteria, safe and rapidly modifiable to combat the emergence of newly arising bacterial threats.Инфекции, связанные с оказанием медицинской по- мощи, являются одной из наиболее значимых проблем современного здравоохранения. Неуклонно растущая устойчивость возбудителей этих инфекций к антибиотикам диктует необходимость использования альтернативных способов борьбы с ними. В качестве таких средств могут выступать бактериофаги.Цель: оценка противоэпидемической эффективности бактериофагов как средств для купирования вспышек в отделениях реанимации новорожденных.Материалы и методы. Для фаготерапии использовались моно- или комбинированные препараты бактериофагов ФГУП «НПО «Микроген». Бактериофаги при- меняли в течение 5 дней местно и перорально путем введения в питательную смесь.Результаты. Бактериофаги использовались для купирования трех вспышек, вызванных S. aureus, и одной вспышки, вызванной K. pneumoniae. Частота внутри- больничного инфицирования S. aureus в ходе трех вспышек составляла 22,2%, 54,5% и 50,0% соответственно, при вспышке K. pneumoniae – 19.0%. После применения бактериофагов по описанной схеме частота инфекций, вызванных данными возбудителями, снизилась до нулевых значений.Заключение. Результаты данного исследования убедительно свидетельствуют о высокой противоэпидемической эффективности бактериофагов в условиях вспышек внутрибольничных инфекций. Ряд свойств, которыми обладают бактериофаги, в частности высокая специфичность в отношении конкретных возбудителей инфекций, дает им преимущество перед другими антибактериальными средствами

Эпидемиологические особенности инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи в детской кардиохирургии

4—5 congenital heart defect cases per 1000 newborns are diagnosed worldwide. Some malformations require surgical methods of correction. Various risk factors contribute to the development of healthcare associated infections (HAIs). The HAIs are one of the leading causes of the prolongation of hospitalization length both in intensive care unit and in the inpatient departments, and they also play a significant role in increasing the number of lethal outcomes. A number of risk factors play an important role in the development of HAIs: the duration of post-operative mechanical ventilation, neonatal age, low birth weight, co-morbidities, including malformations of other body systems.Врожденные пороки сердца диагностируются в мире в 4—5 случаях на 1000 новорожденных. Часть пороков развития требует хирургических методов коррекции. В связи с высокой подверженностью данной категории пациентов различным факторам риска у них могут развиваться инфекции, связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи. Они являются значимой причиной увеличения продолжительности срока пребывания пациентов как в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии, так и стационаре в целом, а также играют существенную роль в увеличении количества летальных исходов. В развитии инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи, важную роль играют следующие факторы риска: длительность послеоперационной искусственной вентиляции легких, возраст менее 30 дней, низкая масса тела ребенка при рождении, наличие сопутствующей патологии, в том числе пороки развития других систем организма

Antioxidative vs cytotoxic activities of organotin complexes bearing 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol moieties

Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Two series of organotin(IV) complexes with Sn–S bonds on the base of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-mercaptophenol (L1SH) of formulae Me2Sn(L1S)2 (1); Et2Sn(L1S)2 (2); Bu2Sn(L1S)2 (3); Ph2Sn(L1S)2 (4); (L1)2Sn(L1S)2 (5); Me3Sn(L1S) (6); Ph3Sn(L1S) (7) (L1 = 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl), together with the new ones [Me3SnCl(L2)] (8), [Me2SnCl2(L2)2] (9) (L2 = 2-(N-3′,5′-di-tert-butyl-4′-hydroxyphenyl)-iminomethylphenol) were used to study their antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Novel complexes 8, 9 of MenSnCl4 − n (n = 3, 2) with Schiff base were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of compounds 8 and 9 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The distorted tetrahedral geometry around the Sn center in the monocrystals of 8 was revealed, the Schiff base is coordinated to the tin(IV) atom by electrostatic interaction and formation of short contact Sn–O 2.805 Å. In the case of complex 9 the distorted octahedron coordination of Sn atom is formed. The antioxidant activity of compounds as radical scavengers and reducing agents was proved spectrophotometrically in tests with stable radical DPPH, reduction of Cu2+ (CUPRAC method) and interaction with superoxide radical-anion. Moreover, compounds have been screened for in vitro cytotoxicity on eight human cancer cell lines. A high activity against all cell lines with IC50 values 60–160 nM was determined for the triphenyltin complex 7, while the introduction of Schiff base decreased the cytotoxicity of the complexes. The influence on mitochondrial potential and mitochondrial permeability for the compounds 8 and 9 has been studied. It is shown that studied complexes depolarize the mitochondria but don't influence the calcium-induced mitochondrial permeability transition