Antibodies to myofibril antigens in cosmonauts after spaceflights

Serum samples obtained from 15 astronauts before and after spaceflights were studied with the use of the indirect immunofluorescent method. In seven astronauts antibodies to different elements of the human heart muscle appeared after flights. Strong and very strong luminescence of the elements of heart muscle tissue was detected in the astronauts after the third space flight. In a study of the sera on sections of bovine heart muscle tissue the reactions of the sera taken before and after flight were found to show no essential differences

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC CIVIL SERVANTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS)

The content of this article is an analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations for assessing the professional and service activities of public civil servants in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the article lies in the fact that the ongoing process of transforming public administration and increasing demands from the population to public civil servants requires the development of new methods for of assessing the effectiveness of their activities in the Russian Federation for the successful selection of a modern civil servants who can comply with the growing requirements emanating from population and successfully cope with the assignments and tasks emanating from the country’s leadership. Different theoretical approaches of public administration researchers to assessing the effectiveness of public civil servants have been considered. An analysis of international experience in building and establishing a system for evaluating the effectiveness of public servants will highlight and implement elements of evaluating the effectiveness of public civil servants, taking into account legal, historical and social features of the Russian Federation

Single-industry town as a separate political space: results of a socio-political study

The article analyses the problems of socio-political development of towns and the place of sociological research in this process, demonstrating its importance and the relevance of studying public policy at the local level. As an object of research, special attention is paid to single-industry towns due to their vulnerability to various kinds of shocks that directly affect the social and political state of the urban community. In order to reveal the specifics of the socio-political development of a single-industry town as an isolated political space, the city of Sarov was chosen. A survey (questionnaire survey) of respondents in Sarov and an expert interview were used as the main research methods. Three hypotheses regarding the factors of political and social behaviour of Sarov’s residents of were put forward in the course of the study, one of which was later confirmed. The principal features of socio-political development of a single-industry town have been revealed

Long-term Cre-mediated retrograde tagging of neurons using a novel recombinant pseudorabies virus

Brain regions contain diverse populations of neurons that project to different long-range targets. The study of these subpopulations in circuit function and behavior requires a toolkit to characterize and manipulate their activity in vivo. We have developed a novel set of reagents based on Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) for efficient and long-term genetic tagging of neurons based on their projection targets. By deleting IE180, the master transcriptional regulator in the PRV genome, we have produced a mutant virus capable of infection and transgene expression in neurons but unable to replicate in or spread from those neurons. IE180-null mutants showed no cytotoxicity, and infected neurons exhibited normal physiological function more than 45 days after infection, indicating the utility of these engineered viruses for chronic experiments. To enable rapid and convenient construction of novel IE180-null recombinants, we engineered a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) shuttle-vector system for moving new constructs into the PRV IE180-null genome. Using this system we generated an IE180-null recombinant virus expressing the site-specific recombinase Cre. This Cre-expressing virus (PRV-hSyn-Cre) efficiently and robustly infects neurons in vivo and activates transgene expression from Cre-dependent vectors in local and retrograde projecting populations of neurons in the mouse. We also generated an assortment of recombinant viruses expressing fluorescent proteins (mCherry, EGFP, ECFP). These viruses exhibit long-term labeling of neurons in vitro but transient labeling in vivo. Together these novel IE180-null PRV reagents expand the toolkit for targeted gene expression in the brain, facilitating functional dissection of neuronal circuits in vivo

Multi-Slice Computed Tomography in Assessing Mesh Titanium Implant Shrinkage After Prosthetic Inguinal Hernioplasty

Objective: to assess the percentage of mesh “titanium silk” implant shrinkage after inguinal hernia repair surgery in the late postoperative period using multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT). Material and methods. The comparative assessment of the long-term results of treatment in 90 patients with inguinal hernias was performed using MSCT. In 36 (40%) patients of Group 1 the titanium implant was used in Lichtenstein hernia repair surgery. In Group 2, 54 (60%) patients were operated by laparoscopic hernia repair surgery. On day 3 and 3 months after surgery every patient underwent MSCT with subsequent determination of the implant square. Results. The percent of mesh “titanium silk” implant shrinkage 3 months after surgery according to MSCT was 4.4% in Lichtenstein hernia repair group, and 8.3% in laparoscopic hernia repair group. According to Kruskal-Wallis test, there were no statistic differences of this indicator between two groups (p = 0,185). Conclusion. The analysis of long-term results of inguinal hernia repair surgery with titanium mesh implants using MSCT showed that implant square significantly decreases 3 months after surgery. There were no significant differences in implants shrinkage regarding the type of surgery. MSCT is an effective method for evaluating the size of mesh titanium implants after hernia repair surgery

Механика колебаний и волн во льдах Северного Ледовитого океана при явлениях сжатия и торошения

One of the main scientific and practical problems in the Arctic is the study of the dynamic state of the sea ice cover. The main parameters in the general model of drifting ice are the drift velocity vector, friction stress at the air-ice and ice-water interfaces, and the forces of dynamic interaction of ice fields. Establishing the connection between the large-scale processes in the atmosphere-ice-ocean system is necessary for developing methods of forecasting ice compression and ridging and the formation of local and extended fractures and leads, which help improve the existing climate models. The main aim is to obtain results of full-scale instrumental measurements of parameters of ice large-scale mechanics and dynamics, which provide a physical basis for explaining the nature of observed large-scale ice processes and allow one to perform physical parametrization. To accomplish this aim and evaluate the physicomechanical condition of the drifting ice cover of the Arctic Ocean, the “Transarktika-2019” expedition performed a real-time ice monitoring in April 2019. The investigation was conducted using seismometers and tiltmeters installed on the ice such that they formed a triangle with the sides measuring up to two kilometers. Data has been obtained on the wave and oscillation processes of crack formation, compression and ridging of ice. The possibilities of deciphering the initial data on the physics of wave and oscillatory processes in the icewater system considerably increase when using the known methods of processing seismic signals. With use of spectral Fourier analysis wavelet-transformation of oscillations significanlty extending possibilities of the seismic method at revelation of prognostic signs of crack formation and compression was applied. It is shown that the dynamics of ice processes can be connected with oceanic swell and tidal events. A possibility is created for obtaining new results in the investigation of large-scale mechanics of sea ice.Одной из основных научных и прикладных проблем в Северном Ледовитом океане является разработка методов краткосрочного прогнозирования явлений сжатия и торошения морских льдов, образования во льду локальных и протяженных разломов и разводий. Выявление связи процессов в системе атмосфера — лед — океан необходимо для совершенствования моделей климата. В связи с этим важны результаты по натурным инструментальным измерениям параметров крупномасштабной механики и динамики льда, которые позволят объяснить природу наблюдаемых ледовых процессов. В экспедиции «Трансарктика-2019» с помощью пространственной расстановки сейсмометров и наклономеров на дрейфующем ледяном покрове проводились исследования колебаний и волн в системе лед — вода. Получены новые научные результаты по широкому спектру физико-механических явлений в океане: воздействие на лед океанической зыби, сжатие и торошение, разлом ледяных полей, приливные сжатия

Метастатическая карцинома Меркеля, осложненная на фоне иммуноонкологической терапии поперечным миелитом

Objective. To present a unique clinical case of metastatic lesions of the perirenal space, ureter and bladder in Merkel's carcinoma with the development of transverse myelitis against the background of immuno-oncological therapy.Matherial and methods. The modern states of issue in diagnose and treatment of metastatic Merkel's carcinoma within multidisciplinary approach based on the medical documentation and radiological examinations (CT, MRI) was analysed in this article.Results. The unique clinical case of metastatic Merkel's carcinoma complicated by transverse myelitis during immuno-oncological therapy according to MSCT and MRI examinations report was demonstrated.Conclusion. Radiological examinations such as MSCT, MRI, ultrasound and PET/CT needed for detection, assess the incidence of tumor (metastasis and staging) and treatment efficiency control because of the rare occurrence and insufficient knowledge of Merkel's carcinoma.Цель исследования: продемонстрировать уникальный клинический случай метастатического поражения околопочечного пространства, мочеточника и мочевого пузыря при карциноме Меркеля с развитием на фоне иммуноонкологической терапии поперечного миелита.Материал и методы. Проведен анализ современного состояния вопроса диагностики и лечения карциномы Меркеля в рамках мультидисциплинарного подхода на основании медицинской документации и лучевых исследований (МСКТ, МРТ) у пациента с данным заболеванием.Результаты. На основании данных лучевых исследований (МРТ, МСКТ) продемонстрирован уникальный клинический случай метастатической карциномы Меркеля, осложненной поперечным миелитом на фоне иммуноонкологической терапии.Заключение. С учетом редкой встречаемости и недостаточной изученности карциномы Меркеля методы лучевой диагностики ПЭТ/КТ, МСКТ, МРТ и УЗИ необходимы для выявления и оценки распространенности опухолевого процесса (выявление метастазов и стадирование), дальнейшего определения эффективности лечения

Highly Luminescent Salts Containing Well-Shielded Lanthanide-Centered Complex Anions and Bulky Imidazolium Countercations

In this paper, we report on the syntheses, structures, and characterization of four molten salts containing imidazolium cations and europium(III)- or terbium(III)-centered complex anions. In the complex anions, the lanthanide centers are wrapped by four pseudodiketonate anionic ligands, which prevent them from contacting with high-frequency oscillators and allow them to show intense characteristic europium(III) or terbium(III) emission, small line widths, high color purity, high quantum yields (30−49%), and long decay times (\u3e2 ms)

Роль радионуклидной диагностики в комплексном обследовании ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most frequent cause of death globally. The greatest part is occupied by ischemic heart disease. HIV patients are composed to a higher risk of coronary heart disease.The purpose of this work is to evaluate the possibility of using molecular imaging methods in a comprehensive examination of patients with HIV infection and ischemic heart disease.Materials and methods. The survey group includes 32 patients with HIV infection. The comparison group consists of 25 age-matched patients with coronary heart disease and without HIV Infection. All patients were underwent myocardial perfusion scintigraphy using single photon emission computed tomography. Positron emission tomography with FDG were performed if necessary to assess the viability of the myocardium. The patients of the main group undergo diagnostic coronary angiography and standard set of laboratory and institutional diagnostic methods.Results. The results of which confirm the high efficiency of radionuclide diagnostic methods for detecting perfusion disorders, contractility and myocardial viability in patients with HIV infection even at an early stage. They can be recommended for using in a comprehensive examination of patients with HIV infection.Наиболее частой причиной смертности во всем мире являются сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, среди которых ведущее место занимает ишемическая болезнь сердца (ИБС). В группу с наиболее высоким риском развития ИБС входят пациенты с ВИЧ-инфекцией.Цель исследования: оценка возможности применения методов молекулярной визуализации в комплексном обследовании пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией и ИБС.Материал и методы. В группу обследования включено 32 пациента с ВИЧ-инфекцией, группу сравнения составили 25 сопоставимых по возрасту пациентов без ВИЧ-инфекции с ИБС. Всем пациентам проведена перфузионная сцинтиграфия миокарда (с помощью ОФЭКТ), ПЭТ/КТ сердца с ФДГ проводилась при необходимости оценки жизнеспособности миокарда в комплексе с диагностической коронароангиографией и стандартным набором лабораторно-инструментальных методов диагностики.Результаты. Полученные результаты подтверждают высокую эффективностью методов радионуклидной диагностики для выявления нарушений перфузии, сократимости и жизнеспособности миокарда у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией даже на ранней стадии и могут быть рекомендованы к использованию в комплексном обследовании пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией

Noninvasive optical inhibition with a red-shifted microbial rhodopsin

Optogenetic inhibition of the electrical activity of neurons enables the causal assessment of their contributions to brain functions. Red light penetrates deeper into tissue than other visible wavelengths. We present a red-shifted cruxhalorhodopsin, Jaws, derived from Haloarcula (Halobacterium) salinarum (strain Shark) and engineered to result in red light–induced photocurrents three times those of earlier silencers. Jaws exhibits robust inhibition of sensory-evoked neural activity in the cortex and results in strong light responses when used in retinas of retinitis pigmentosa model mice. We also demonstrate that Jaws can noninvasively mediate transcranial optical inhibition of neurons deep in the brains of awake mice. The noninvasive optogenetic inhibition opened up by Jaws enables a variety of important neuroscience experiments and offers a powerful general-use chloride pump for basic and applied neuroscience.McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT (Razin Fellowship)United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Living Foundries Program (HR0011-12-C-0068)Harvard-MIT Joint Research Grants Program in Basic NeuroscienceHuman Frontier Science Program (Strasbourg, France)Institution of Engineering and Technology (A. F. Harvey Prize)McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT. Neurotechnology (MINT) ProgramNew York Stem Cell Foundation (Robertson Investigator Award)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (New Innovator Award 1DP2OD002002)National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.) (EUREKA Award 1R01NS075421)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1R01DA029639)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1RC1MH088182)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1R01NS067199)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Career Award CBET 1053233)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant EFRI0835878)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant DMS0848804)Society for Neuroscience (Research Award for Innovation in Neuroscience)Wallace H. Coulter FoundationNational Institutes of Health (U.S.) (RO1 MH091220-01)Whitehall FoundationEsther A. & Joseph Klingenstein Fund, Inc.JPB FoundationPIIF FundingNational Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) (R01-MH102441-01)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (DP2-OD-017366-01)Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Simons Center for the Social Brai