Matrix product approach for the asymmetric random average process

We consider the asymmetric random average process which is a one-dimensional stochastic lattice model with nearest neighbour interaction but continuous and unbounded state variables. First, the explicit functional representations, so-called beta densities, of all local interactions leading to steady states of product measure form are rigorously derived. This also completes an outstanding proof given in a previous publication. Then, we present an alternative solution for the processes with factorized stationary states by using a matrix product ansatz. Due to continuous state variables we obtain a matrix algebra in form of a functional equation which can be solved exactly.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figur

Safety, tolerability, and impact on allergic inflammation of autologous E.coli autovaccine in the treatment of house dust mite asthma - a prospective open clinical trial

Background: Asthma is increasing worldwide and results from a complex immunological interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Autovaccination with E. coli induces a strong TH-1 immune response, thus offering an option for the treatment of allergic diseases. Methods: Prospective open trial on safety, tolerability, and impact on allergic inflammation of an autologous E.coli autovaccine in intermittent or mild persistent house dust mite asthma. Determination of exhaled nitric monoxide (eNO) before and after bronchial mite challenge initially and after nine months of autovaccination. Results: Median eNO increase after autovaccination was significantly smaller (from 27.3 to 33.8 ppb; p=0.334) compared to initial values (from 32.6 to 42.2 ppb; p=0.046) (p=0.034). In nine subjects and a total of 306 injections, we observed 101 episodes of local erythema (33.3%; median of maximal diameter 2.5 cm), 95 episodes of local swelling (31.1%; median of maximal diameter 3 cm), and 27 episodes of local pain (8.8%). Four subjects reported itching at the injection site with a total of 30 episodes (9.8%). We observed no serious adverse events. All organ functions (inclusive electrocardiogramm) and laboratory testing of the blood (clinical chemistry, hematology) and the urine (screening test, B-microglobuline) were within normal limits. Vital signs undulated within the physiological variability. Conclusion: The administration of autologous autovacine for the treatment of house dust mite asthma resulted in a reduction of the eNO increase upon bronchial mite challenge. In nine subjects and 306 injections, only a few mild local reactions and no systemic severe adverse events were observed. EudraCT Nr. 2005-005534-12 ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT0067720

Critical phenomena and universal dynamics in one-dimensional driven diffusive systems with two species of particles

Recent work on stochastic interacting particle systems with two particle species (or single-species systems with kinematic constraints) has demonstrated the existence of spontaneous symmetry breaking, long-range order and phase coexistence in nonequilibrium steady states, even if translational invariance is not broken by defects or open boundaries. If both particle species are conserved, the temporal behaviour is largely unexplored, but first results of current work on the transition from the microscopic to the macroscopic scale yield exact coupled nonlinear hydrodynamic equations and indicate the emergence of novel types of shock waves which are collective excitations stabilized by the flow of microscopic fluctuations. We review the basic stationary and dynamic properties of these systems, highlighting the role of conservation laws and kinetic constraints for the hydrodynamic behaviour, the microscopic origin of domain wall (shock) stability and the coarsening dynamics of domains during phase separation.Comment: 72 pages, 6 figures, 201 references (topical review for J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.

das Frankfurter Modell

Im Jahre 2002 wurde von der Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ein vermehrtes Auftreten von Meningitiden bei Cochlea-Implant (CI) -Trägern verzeichnet. Dies wurde durch eine retrospektive Studie des Centers for Disease Control (CDC) bestätigt: Unter 4264 Kindern musste ein mehr als 30fach erhöhtes Erkrankungsrisiko für Meningitis nach CI-Versorgung verzeichnet werden. Als häufigster Krankheitserreger ließ sich Streptococcus pneumoniae isolieren, dessen Pathogenität u.a. von speziellen Wirtsfaktoren - z.B. schlechte Abwehrlage, Z.n. Meningitis - abhängig ist. Zur Evaluierung bestehender Impfempfehlungen hinsichtlich Pneumokokkeninfektionen wurden in der Klinik für Pädaudiologie in Zusammenarbeit mit der Kinderimmunologie 174 CI-Träger untersucht hinsichtlich ihres Immunstatus und ihrer Ansprechbarkeit auf die Impfstoffe: Pneumokokken-Polysaccharid-Vakzine (PPV23) und Pneumokokken-Konjugat-Vakzine (PCV7). Es wurde eine Einteilung bezüglich Patientenalter sowie der Genese der Schwerhörigkeit vorgenommen. Es zeigte sich u.a. im Alter von 2 - 5 Jahren eine signifikant immunogenere Wirkung des PCV7 sowie eine schlechtere Immunsituation bei postmeningeal Ertaubten. Daher empfiehlt es sich, alle CI-Träger bis zum 5.Lebensjahr sowie Patienten mit zusätzlichen Risiken über das 5. Lebensjahr hinaus nach einem kombinierten Pneumokokken-Impf-Schema: PCV7 und PPV23 zu immunisieren

<em>CXCR1</em> and <em>CXCR2</em> haplotypes synergistically modulate cystic fibrosis lung disease.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease severity is largely independent on the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genotype, indicating the contribution of genetic modifiers. The chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 have been found to play essential roles in the pathogenesis of CF lung disease. Here, we determine whether genetic variation of CXCR1 and CXCR2 influences CF lung disease severity. Genomic DNA of CF patients in Germany (n=442) was analysed for common variations in CXCR1 and CXCR2 using a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tagging approach. Associations of CXCR1 and CXCR2 SNPs and haplotypes with CF lung disease severity, CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression, and neutrophil effector functions were assessed. Four SNPs in CXCR1 and three in CXCR2 strongly correlated with age-adjusted lung function in CF patients. SNPs comprising haplotypes CXCR1_Ha and CXCR2_Ha were in high linkage disequilibrium and patients heterozygous for the CXCR1-2 haplotype cluster (CXCR1-2_Ha) had lower lung function compared with patients with homozygous wild-type alleles (forced expiratory volume in 1 s &le;70% predicted, OR 7.24; p=2.30&times;10(-5)). CF patients carrying CXCR1-2_Ha showed decreased CXCR1 combined with increased CXCR2 mRNA and protein expression, and displayed disturbed antibacterial effector functions. CXCR1 and CXCR2 genotypes modulate lung function and antibacterial host defence in CF lung disease