Biomarkers of platinum resistance in serous ovarian cancer

The study was aimed to determine the platinum-resistance biomarkers in patients with ovarian cancer. The expression of ABCA1 is higher in platinum-resistant cases of ovarian cancer. The most pronounced relationship exists between the values of survivin expression, local activity of nitric oxide, the expression of glutathione dependent enzymes, the content of catecholamines in erythrocytes, and the expression of ABCA1 transporte

Platelet-rich plasma enhances regeneration of the affected skin in case of experimental dermatitis

Dermatitis is an urgent problem in modern medicine. At the same time, classic treatment of the deep dermatitis with the affection of the hair follicles is not efficient. Recently, great attention is paid to the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) which is effective in ulcerative lesions of the lower extremities treatment, healing of postoperative wounds etc. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the impact of PRP on the regeneration of the skin of mice after induced contact dermatitis. The conducted studies have shown PRP promotes reparative regeneration of the skin, thus preserving the morphological properties of tissues and organ in general. This is provided with a number of growth factors that are released from platelets, enhancing proliferation of cellular elements in the affected area, as well as participate in the process of adaptation

Experience of application of 3D-visualization in laparoscopic operations

Objective. Studying of first results of application of 3D visualization in various laparoscopic interventions. Materials and methods. There were performed 169 operations: 27 transabdominal preperitoneal plasties of inguinal hernias, 19 intraperitoneal alloplasties of umbilical and postoperative ventral hernias with suturing of hernia defect, 1 retromuscular alloplasty of umbilical hernia, 6 reconstructions of anterior abdominal wall for dyastasis of rectal abdominal muscles, 103 plasties of hiatal hernias with fundoplications, 7 Heller’s cardiomyotomies and Dor’s fundoplication, 1 subtotal, 3 atypical gastric resections and 2 sleeve gastric resections for obesity. Results. 3D laparoscopy have simplified and accelerated the parietal peritoneum suturing in conduction of transabdominal preperitoneal plasties of inguinal hernias, as well as while performance of intraperitoneal alloplasties of umbilical and postoperative ventral hernias – the hernia defect suturing. While doing the hiatal hernia plasty, fundoplication with crurorrhaphy 3D laparoscopy have provided the additional advantages of manipulations improvement in special anatomic zones. Analogous advantages were shown in gastric operations, using 3D visualization. Intra- and postoperative complications were absent, as well as the hernias recurrence in the 6 mo-1.5 yr follow-up. Conclusion. The 3D visualization guarantees a rapid and highly-precision performance of complex manipulations in technically hard anatomical zones. Further accumulation of the material and comparison of results of 3D and 2D laparoscopy in prospective investigations, using objective parameters, as well as studying of expediency for 3D visualization selective application, for instance while performance of the most complicated operative stages are necessary

Hypermethylation of TUSC5 genes in breast cancer tissue

Aim: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common forms of cancer amongst females. Early diagnosis, prognosis and therapy plays crucial role in the survival of patients with breast cancer. The study was aimed on identification of potential markers for early BC diagnostics by means of genome-wide comparative analysis of gene expression in cancer and normal tissue of breast. Methods: The analysis of gene expression in 15 invasive adenocarcinoma specimens and 15 normal breast tissue was conducted using the full-genome microarrays Sentrix HumanWD-6V3 BeadChip (Illumina). Methylation of TP53INK1 and TUSС5 promoters was interrogated by the combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA). Results: Analysis of gene expression in the samples of breast adenocarcinoma revealed abnormal expression of more than 2,300 genes. While genes TFF1, S100P, ERBB2, TOP2A, CDF15, HOOK1, DNAJC12, CORO2A were up-regulated in cancer, decreased expression was found for genes TUSC5, SFRP1, PPPQR1B, NTRK4, TIMP4, BARD1, AKR1C2, TP53INK1 and others. Analysis of DNA methylation of TUSC5 by COBRA revealed higher levels of exon 1 methylation (11/12) in samples of breast cancer, whereas the gene was essentially unmethylated in matched normal appearing tissue of breast (2/12). TP53INK1 gene was methylated neither in cancer nor in normalcy. Conclusion: A total of 149 genes exhibited the highest difference in expression in cancer versus normal appearing tissue of breast. Most prominent down-regulated candidates, TUSC5 and TP53INK1, were reported for the first time in breast cancer and may be considered as potential markers of the disease. Aberrant DNA hypermethylation of TUSC5 suggests epigenetic mechanism of cancer associated down-regulation

Hypermethylation of TUSC5 genes in breast cancer tissue.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common forms of cancer amongst females. Early diagnosis, prognosis and therapy plays crucial role in the survival of patients with breast cancer. The study was aimed on identification of potential markers for early BC diagnostics by means of genome-wide comparative analysis of gene expression in cancer and normal tissue of breast. The analysis of gene expression in 15 invasive adenocarcinoma specimens and 15 normal breast tissue was conducted using the full-genome microarrays Sentrix HumanWD-6V3 BeadChip (Illumina). Methylation of TP53INK1 and TUSС5 promoters was interrogated by the combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA). Results: Analysis of gene expression in the samples of breast adenocarcinoma revealed abnormal expression of more than 2,300 genes. While genes TFF1, S100P, ERBB2, TOP2A, CDF15, HOOK1, DNAJC12, CORO2A were up-regulated in cancer, decreased expression was found for genes TUSC5, SFRP1, PPPQR1B, NTRK4, TIMP4, BARD1, AKR1C2, TP53INK1 and others. Analysis of DNA methylation of TUSC5 by COBRA revealed higher levels of exon 1 methylation (11/12) in samples of breast cancer, whereas the gene was essentially unmethylated in matched normal appearing tissue of breast (2/12). TP53INK1 gene was methylated neither in cancer nor in normalcy. Conclusion: A total of 149 genes exhibited the highest difference in expression in cancer versus normal appearing tissue of breast. Most prominent down-regulated candidates, TUSC5 and TP53INK1, were reported for the first time in breast cancer and may be considered as potential markers of the disease. Aberrant DNA hypermethylation of TUSC5 suggests epigenetic mechanism of cancer associated down-regulation. Key Words: differentially expressed genes, DNA methylation, breast cancer

The evolution ways for laparoscopic surgery

The evolution ways for laparoscopic surger

Абдомінальна травма: (огляд літератури)

Abdominal trauma is without a doubt one of the most difficult sections of surgery. The constant increase in injury rates and, as a consequence, disability and mortality emphasize the social significance of the problem. The severity of the clinical course and the consequences of injuries and traumatic injuries of the abdominal cavity characterize this pathology as one of the most difficult sections of emergency surgery. Mortality from isolated blunt abdominal trauma is about 5 % in the structure of annual mortality from blunt trauma. Early diagnosis and treatment can really reduce mortality from abdominal trauma. The influence of altered levels of consciousness as a result of neurological trauma, alcohol or drugs are important factors that complicate the assessment of the severity of the trauma. The standardization of diagnostics aims at the rational and “targeted” use of a specific and necessary in a given clinical situation method. Indications for surgical treatment are still the subject of discussion, especially the importance of laparoscopy in the diagnostic and treatment algorithm. The article presents a review of the literature analyzing the main causes of abdominal injury, its prevalence, classification, possibilities of instrumental diagnosis, use of prognostic scales, the role of laparoscopy and traditional surgery in this category of patients, the importance of the “damage control” strategy in the light of modern concepts of care for victims with severe abdominal trauma.Абдоминальная травма, несомненно, является одной из наиболее сложных разделов хирургии. Постоянное увеличение показателей травматизма и как следствие инвалидизации и смертности подчеркивают социальную значимисть проблемы. Тяжесть клинического течения и последствий ранений и травматических повреждений органов брюшной полости характеризует данную паталогию как один из самых сложных разделов неотложной хирургии. Cмертность от изолированной тупой травмы живота составляет около 5 % в структуре летальности в следствии тупых травм. Ранняя диагностика и лечение могут реально уменьшить показатели смертности при абдоминальной травме. Стандартизация диагностики имеет целью рациональное и “таргентное” использования определенного конкретного и необходимого в той или иной клинической ситуации метода. Показания к оперативному лечению до сих пор является предметом дискуссий, особенно значение лапароскопии в диагностически-лечебном алгоритме. В статье представлен обзор литературы по анализу основных причин травмы брюшной полости, ее распространенности, классификации, возможностей инструментальной диагностики, использование прогностических шкал, роли лапароскопии и традиционной хирургии в данной категории больных, значение стратегии “demage control” в свете современных концепций оказания помощи пострадавшим с тяжелой абдоминальной травмой. Абдомінальна травма, без сумніву, є однією з найбільш складних розділів хірургії. Постійне зростання показників травматизму призводить до інвалідизації та смертності постраждалих, що підкреслює соціальну значущість проблеми. Тяжкість клінічного перебігу травматичної хвороби, яка   характеризується пошкодженням кісткової системи та травматичних ушкоджень органів черевної порожнини, характеризують дану проблему як один з найскладніших розділів невідкладної хірургії. Cмертність від ізольованої тупої травми живота становить близько 5 %. Своєчасна та рання діагностика ушкоджень можуть реально зменшити показники смертності при абдомінальній травмі. Стандартизація діагностики має на меті раціональне та “таргентне” використання певного конкретного та необхідного в тій чи іншій клінічній ситуації методу. Показання до операційного лікування досі є предметом дискусій, особливе значення лапароскопії в діагностично-лікувальному алгоритмі. В статті представлено огляд літератури з аналізом основних причин травми черевної порожнини, її поширення, класифікації, можливостей інструментальної діагностики, використання прогностичних шкал, ролі лапароскопії та традиційної хірургії у даної категорії хворих, значення стратегії “demage control” у світлі сучасних концепцій надання допомоги постраждалими з тяжкою абдомінальною травмою

От концепции ноосферы к концепции нооэтики

However, the idea of a “noosphere” of Teilhard de Chardin is perceived by some today, it was a concept that did not gain ground, although it had its eminent champions such as Huxley, Lerua and Vernadsky. The notion of de Chardin was too ephemeral a concept to take on board, especially with its spiritual basis that did not fit with scientific thinking. This underlying idea, however, did help us nevertheless to focus on a newly emerging era in evolution, one that would change the direction in which “natural” forces might have led us. It has become increasingly obvious that this new direction could be largely under human control and this could impact many different ways on the future of planet Earth (and probably beyond). As a wake-up call, the noosphere was therefore important in one respect, which emphasised the fact that man must set about regulating the “knowledge-sphere” and taking greater responsibility for his action in the evolutionary process, i.e. in the behaviour through which he applies this knowledge. Little seems to have been done constructively about this matter, but the knowledge-sphere is now with us in the guise of the internet and other media systems that could never have been perceived by the 20th advocates of the noosphere concept. Evolutionary development has to be considered in much greater depth because it is hereafter going to be central to any debate about the future. It follows that the problems of what constitutes useful knowledge and how to control of its application have become increasingly urgent, otherwise possible scenarios would include some that would definitely be detrimental to future existence of mankind, as was faced when atomic warfare was first let loose. The wake-up call today should not be through such drastic measures. The general public is greatly in need of education about the issues facing mankind and the planet. Concerted action on a global scale is needed to put in place constructive approaches, bottomup and top-down, that might help human society, the biosphere, and our planet (and things beyond) to face the future with confidence and understanding. It is hoped that what is presented here goes some way to opening up a fuller debate of an underlying deficiency in the present state relating to our control of human knowledge and where it might take us, rather than proferring solution to the problems.В статье изложен анализ формирования нооэтики как современной стадии развития биоэтики. Философской и мировоззренческой основой нооэтики признается современная этическая оценка последствий трансформации биосферы в ноосферу в результате жизнедеятельности человека. Представлены исторические предпосылки формирования концепции ноосферы и нооэтики в рамках эволюционной теории ряда исследователей -предшественников. Значимость концепции нооэтики определяется анализом успехов и неудач в работе по защите окружающей среды, а также созданием этической платформы менеджмента в сфере биобезопасности ноосферы. Концепции ноосферы и нооэтики рассматриваются как составляющие вектора развития цивилизации XXI ст. и современного мировоззрения

Validation of the Geiger-Muller counter model of BDMG-04-02 using the Monte-Carlo technique

The model of the Geiger-Muller counter as the internal part of BDMG-04-02 detection unit in the calibration fa- cility UPGD-2 was developedin MCNP6.2. The different methods are used for the determination of the Geiger-Muller counter response. The F1 and F8 tally applicability is briefly described. BDMG-04-02 model was validated by comparative analysis of the calculated results and experimental values of the counter responses that obtained on the UPGD-2 calibration facility. Additionally, the absolute, geometric and intrinsic registration efficiency of BDMG-04-02 was determined. The paper has been emphasized the disadvantages of using the method of direct counting of the electrons on the surface of the Geiger-Muller counter (F1).За допомогою методу Монте-Карло, реалізованого в MCNP6.2, розроблено модель лічильника Гейгера-Мюллера БДМГ-04-02 у калібрувальній установці УПГД-2. Стисло описані функціонали F1 та F8 програмного засобу MCNP6.2, що використовуються для визначення відгуку лічильника Гейгера-Мюллера. Валідація моделі БДМГ-04-02 реалізована шляхом порівняльного аналізу розрахункових значень відгуків лічильників з експериментальними, отриманими в калібрувальній установці УПГД-2. Додатково визначено абсолютну, геометричну та внутрішню ефективності реєстрації БДМГ-04-02. Зазначено недоліки використання методу прямої лічби кількості електронів на поверхні лічильника Гейгера-Мюллера (F1).С помощью метода Монте-Карло, реализованного в MCNP6.2, разработана модель счетчика Гейгера-Мюллера БДМГ-04-02 в калибровочной установке УПГД-2. Кратко описаны функционалы F1 и F8 программного средства MCNP6.2, используемые для определения отклика счетчика Гейгера-Мюллера. Валидация модели БДМГ-04-02 реализована путем сравнительного анализа расчетных значений откликов счетчиков с экспериментальными, полученными в калибровочной установке УПГД-2. Дополнительно были определены абсолютная, геометрическая и внутренняя эффективности регистрации БДМГ-04-02. Указаны недостатки использования метода прямого подсчета количества электронов на поверхности счетчика Гейгера-Мюллера (F1)

Зі 115-річчям, Alma Mater!

Університет – один із чотирьох найстаріших вищих медичних навчальних закладів України. Заснований у 1900 році за ініціативи великого М. І. Пирогова, він пройшов разом із країною безліч випробувань. Гордістю університету є п’ять власних клінік, на базі яких розташовані клінічні кафедри. Це дві багатопрофільні, офтальмологічна та дві стоматологічні клініки