136 research outputs found
The impact of red giant/AGB winds on AGN jet propagation
Dense stellar winds may mass-load the jets of active galactic nuclei,
although it is unclear what are the time and spatial scales in which the mixing
takes place. We study the first steps of the interaction between jets and
stellar winds, and also the scales at which the stellar wind may mix with the
jet and mass-load it. We present a detailed two-dimensional simulation,
including thermal cooling, of a bubble formed by the wind of a star. We also
study the first interaction of the wind bubble with the jet using a
three-dimensional simulation in which the star enters the jet. Stability
analysis is carried out for the shocked wind structure, to evaluate the
distances over which the jet-dragged wind, which forms a tail, can propagate
without mixing with the jet flow. The two-dimensional simulations point at
quick wind bubble expansion and fragmentation after about one bubble shock
crossing time. Three-dimensional simulations and stability analysis point at
local mixing in the case of strong perturbations and relatively small density
ratios between the jet and the jet dragged-wind, and to a possibly more stable
shocked wind structure at the phase of maximum tail mass flux. Analytical
estimates also indicate that very early stages of the star jet-penetration time
may be also relevant for mass loading. The combination of these and previous
results from the literature suggest highly unstable interaction structures and
efficient wind-jet flow mixing on the scale of the jet interaction height,
possibly producing strong inhomogeneities within the jet. In addition, the
initial wind bubble shocked by the jet leads to a transient, large interaction
surface. The interaction structure can be a source of significant non-thermal
emission.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic
Relativistic hydrodynamical simulations of the effects of the stellar wind and the orbit on high-mass microquasar jets
High-mass microquasar jets, produced in an accreting compact object in orbit around a massive star, must cross a region filled with stellar wind. The combined effects of the wind and orbital motion can strongly affect the jet properties on binary scales and beyond. The study of such effects can shed light on how high-mass microquasar jets propagate and terminate in the interstellar medium. We study for the first time, using relativistic hydrodynamical simulations, the combined impact of the stellar wind and orbital motion on the properties of high-mass microquasar jets on binary scales and beyond. We have performed 3-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic simulations, using the PLUTO code, of a microquasar scenario in which a strong weakly relativistic wind from a star interacts with a relativistic jet under the effect of the binary orbital motion. The parameters of the orbit are chosen such that the results can provide insight on the jet-wind interaction in compact systems like for instance Cyg X-1 or Cyg X-3. The wind and jet momentum rates are set to values that may be realistic for these sources and lead to moderate jet bending, which together with the close orbit and jet instabilities could trigger significant jet precession and disruption. For high-mass microquasars with orbit size a ∼ 0.1 AU, and (relativistic) jet power Lj∼1037(M˙w/10−6M⊙yr−1) erg s−1, where M˙w is the stellar wind mass rate, the combined effects of the stellar wind and orbital motion can induce relativistic jet disruption on scales ∼1 AU
The Major Role of Eccentricity in the Evolution of Colliding Pulsar-Stellar Winds
Binary systems that host a massive star and a non-accreting pulsar can be powerful non-thermal emitters. The relativistic pulsar wind and the non-relativistic stellar outflows interact along the orbit, producing ultrarelativistic particles that radiate from radio to gamma rays. To properly characterize the physics of these sources, and better understand their emission and impact on the environment, careful modeling of the outflow interactions, spanning a broad range of spatial and temporal scales, is needed. Full three-dimensional approaches are very computationally expensive, but simpler approximate approaches, while still realistic at the semi-quantitative level, are available. We present here the results of calculations done with a quasi three-dimensional scheme to compute the evolution of the interacting flows in a region spanning in size up to a thousand times the size of the binary. In particular, we analyze for the first time the role of different eccentricities in the large scale evolution of the shocked flows. We find that the higher the eccentricity, the closer the flows behave like a one-side outflow, which becomes rather collimated for eccentricity values ≳0.75. The simulations also unveil that the pulsar and the stellar winds become fully mixed within the grid for low eccentricity systems, presenting a more stochastic behavior at large scales than in the highly eccentric systems
A hydrodynamics-informed, radiation model for HESS J0632 + 057 from radio to gamma-rays
Relativistic hydrodynamical simulations of the eccentric gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057 show that the energy of a putative pulsar wind should accumulate in the binary surroundings between periastron and apastron, being released by fast advection close to apastron. To assess whether this could lead to a maximum of the non-thermal emission before apastron, we derive simple prescriptions for the non-thermal energy content, the radiation efficiency, and the impact of energy losses on non-thermal particles, in the simulated hydrodynamical flow. These prescriptions are used to estimate the non-thermal emission in radio, X-rays, GeV, and TeV, from the shocked pulsar wind in a binary system simulated using a simplified 3-dimensional scheme for several orbital cycles. Lightcurves at different wavelengths are derived, together with synthetic radio images for different orbital phases. The dominant peak in the computed lightcurves is broad and appears close to, but before, apastron. This peak is followed by a quasiplateau shape, and a minor peak only in gamma rays right after periastron. The radio maps show ejection of radio blobs before apastron in the periastron-apastron direction. The results show that a scenario with a highly eccentric high-mass binary hosting a young pulsar can explain the general phenomenology of HESS J0632+057: despite its simplicity, the adopted approach yields predictions that are robust at a semi-quantitative level and consistent with multiwavelength observations
Simulation of structural and electronic properties of amorphous tungsten oxycarbides
Electron beam induced deposition with tungsten hexacarbonyl W(CO)6 as
precursors leads to granular deposits with varying compositions of tungsten,
carbon and oxygen. Depending on the deposition conditions, the deposits are
insulating or metallic. We employ an evolutionary algorithm to predict the
crystal structures starting from a series of chemical compositions that were
determined experimentally. We show that this method leads to better structures
than structural relaxation based on guessed initial structures. We approximate
the expected amorphous structures by reasonably large unit cells that can
accommodate local structural environments that resemble the true amorphous
structure. Our predicted structures show an insulator to metal transition close
to the experimental composition at which this transition is actually observed.
Our predicted structures also allow comparison to experimental electron
diffraction patterns.Comment: 17 Pages, 11 figure
Impact of red giant/AGB winds on active galactic nucleus jet propagation
Context. Dense stellar winds may mass-load the jets of active galactic nuclei, although it is unclear on what time and spatial scales the mixing takes place. Aims. Our aim is to study the first steps of the interaction between jets and stellar winds, and also the scales on which the stellar wind mixes with the jet and mass-loads it. Methods. We present a detailed 2D simulation - including thermal cooling - of a bubble formed by the wind of a star designed to study the initial stages of jet-star interaction. We also study the first interaction of the wind bubble with the jet using a 3D simulation in which the star enters the jet. Stability analysis is carried out for the shocked wind structure to evaluate the distances over which the jet-dragged wind, which forms a tail, can propagate without mixing with the jet flow. Results.The 2D simulations point to quick wind bubble expansion and fragmentation after about one bubble shock crossing time. Three-dimensional simulations and stability analysis point to local mixing in the case of strong perturbations and relatively low density ratios between the jet and the jet dragged-wind, and to a possibly more stable shocked wind structure at the phase of maximum tail mass flux. Analytical estimates also indicate that very early stages of the star jet-penetration time may be also relevant for mass-loading. The combination of these and previous results from the literature suggests highly unstable interaction structures and efficient wind-jet flow mixing on the scale of the jet interaction height. Conclusions. The winds of stars with strong mass loss can efficiently mix with jets from active galactic nuclei. In addition, the initial wind bubble shocked by the jet leads to a transient, large interaction surface. The interaction between jets and stars can produce strong inhomogeneities within the jet. As mixing is expected to be effective on large scales, even individual asymptotic giant branch stars can significantly contribute to the mass-load of the jet and thus affect its dynamics. Shear layer mass-entrainment could be important. The interaction structure can be a source of significant non-thermal emissio
Magnetic fluctuations and superconducting properties of CaKFe4As4 studied by 75As NMR
We report As nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies on a new
iron-based superconductor CaKFeAs with = 35 K. As
NMR spectra show two distinct lines corresponding to the As(1) and As(2) sites
close to the K and Ca layers, respectively, revealing that K and Ca layers are
well ordered without site inversions. We found that nuclear quadrupole
frequencies of the As(1) and As(2) sites show an opposite
temperature () dependence. Nearly independent behavior of the Knight
shifts are observed in the normal state, and a sudden decrease in in
the superconducting (SC) state clearly evidences spin-singlet Cooper pairs.
As spin-lattice relaxation rates 1/ show a power law dependence
with different exponents for the two As sites. The isotropic antiferromagnetic
spin fluctuations characterized by the wavevector = (, 0) or (0,
) in the single-iron Brillouin zone notation are revealed by 1/ and
measurements. Such magnetic fluctuations are necessary to explain the
observed temperature dependence of the As quadrupole frequencies, as
evidenced by our first-principles calculations. In the SC state, 1/ shows
a rapid decrease below without a Hebel-Slichter peak and decreases
exponentially at low , consistent with an nodeless two-gap
superconductor.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.
TiOCl, an orbital-ordered system?
We present first principles density functional calculations and downfolding
studies of the electronic and magnetic properties of the layered quantum spin
system
TiOCl. We discuss explicitely the nature of the exchange pathes and attempt
to clarify the concept of orbital ordering in this material. An analysis of the
electronic structure of slightly distorted structures according to the phononic
modes allowed in this material suggests that this system is subject to large
orbital fluctuations driven by the electron-phonon coupling. Based on these
results, we propose a microscopic explanation of the behavior of TiOCl near the
phase transition to a spin-gapped system.Comment: Some figures are compressed, for higher quality please contact the
author
HESS J0632+057: hydrodynamics and non-thermal emission
HESS J0632+057 is an eccentric gamma-ray Be binary that produces non-thermal radio, Xrays, GeV and very high-energy gamma-rays. The non-thermal emission of HESS J0632+057 is modulated with the orbital period, with a dominant maximum before apastron passage. The nature of the compact object in HESS J0632+057 is not known, although it has been proposed to be a young pulsar as in PSR B1259-63, the only gamma-ray emitting high-mass binary known to host a non-accreting pulsar. In this letter, we present hydrodynamical simulations of HESS J0632+057 in the context of a pulsar and a stellar wind interacting in an eccentric binary, and propose a scenario for the non-thermal phenomenology of the source. In this scenario, the non-thermal activity before and around apastron is linked to the accumulation of non-thermal particles in the vicinity of the binary, and the sudden drop of the emission before apastron is produced by the disruption of the two-wind interaction structure, allowing these particles to escape efficiently. In addition to providing a framework to explain the nonthermal phenomenology of the source, this scenario predicts extended, moving X-ray emitting structures similar to those observed in PSR B1259-6
Magneto-structural properties of the layered quasi-2D triangular-lattice antiferromagnets CsCuClBr for = 0,1,2 and 4
We present a study of the magnetic susceptibility under variable
hydrostatic pressure on single crystals of CsCuClBr. This
includes the border compounds \textit{x} = 0 and 4, known as good realizations
of the distorted triangular-lattice spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet, as
well as the isostructural stoichiometric systems CsCuClBr and
CsCuClBr. For the determination of the exchange coupling
constants and , data were fitted by a
model \cite{Schmidt2015}. Its application, validated for the
border compounds, yields a degree of frustration / = 0.47 for
CsCuClBr and / 0.63 - 0.78 for
CsCuClBr, making these systems particular interesting
representatives of this family. From the evolution of the magnetic
susceptibility under pressure up to about 0.4\,GPa, the maximum pressure
applied, two observations were made for all the compounds investigated here.
First, we find that the overall energy scale, given by +
), increases under pressure, whereas the ratio
/ remains unchanged in this pressure range. These experimental
observations are in accordance with the results of DFT calculations performed
for these materials. Secondly, for the magnetoelastic coupling constants,
extraordinarily small values are obtained. We assign these observations to a
structural peculiarity of this class of materials
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